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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    AmiRNAi silencing of FaCRY2 delayed the growth of cultivated strawberry

    Ye Y.Jiang L.Zhang Y.Pu W....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022As a plant blue light receptor, CRY2 plays pleotropic roles in regulating photomorphogenesis, flowering time and stress response. However, the function of CRY2 in the octoploid cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) has not been identified. In this study, certain variation and functional divergences of the FaCRY2 protein were found in compared with its homologs in diploid model plants (AtCRY2 and SlCRY2). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the FaCRY2 showed the highest expression level in the leaf and flower tissues. The subcellular localization results indicate that the FaCRY2 was a nucleus-localized protein. The cry2 mutants, silenced by artificial micro-interfering RNA interference (AmiRNAi) using 'Benihoppe' strawberry as genetic background, showed a growth retardation, including dwarf phenotype, decreased free IAA content, delayed flowering time, deepened the lignification degree of petiole cells, decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. RNA-seq analysis showed that there were 910 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between wild-type (WT) and cry2. They were mainly enriched in hormone regulation, cell development and stress response, etc. The decrease of IAA accumulation could be the main factor responsible for the delayed growth of cry2. Taken together, our results suggested the complex roles of FaCRY2 in the plant growth regulation in cultivated strawberry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Air temperature during cutting propagation of cold-intermediate and -sensitive crops can be reduced if root-zone heating is provided

    Kohler A.E.Lopez R.G.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Asexual propagation of herbaceous ornamentals occurs from late winter to early spring coincides with seasonally low daily light integrals (DLIs) and average daily temperatures (ADT) outdoors. Supplemental lighting and air and root-zone heating (RZH) can be used to promote rapid callus induction and rooting of cuttings. Due to the range of greenhouse crop base temperatures (cold-tolerant, cold-intermediate, and cold-sensitive), one strategy is to reduce the air ADT of certain crops while using RZH as a potential energy saving strategy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify how reduced air ADT and increased RZH temperatures influence root initiation and development of cold-intermediate and-sensitive herbaceous annual and perennial crops propagated by shoot-tip cuttings. Unrooted vegetative cuttings of angelonia ‘Archangel Raspberry’ (Angelonia angustifolia), lantana ‘Landmark Sunrise Rose Improved’ (Lantana camara), New Guinea impatiens ‘Clockwork White Improved’ (Impatiens hawkeri), scaevola ‘Scalora Brilliant’ (Scaevola aemula), thunbergia ‘Sunny Lemon Star’ (Thunbergia alata), verbena ‘Cadet Upright Red’ (Verbena × hybrida), geranium ‘Moxie! Deep Rose’ (Pelargonium interspecific), Kwik Kombos ‘Pink Lemonade Mix’ [petunia ‘Dekko Star Rose’ (Petunia × hybrida), lobelia ‘Techno Heat Light Blue Improved’ (Lobelia erinus), and calibrachoa ‘Callie Yellow Improved’ (Calibrachoa × hybrida)] and portulaca ‘Cupcake Carrot’ and ‘Colorblast Lemon Twist’ (Portulaca grandiflora) were inserted into a soilless medium and placed in a greenhouse with an air ADT of 21°C and RZH set point of 24°C to callus. After 6 d, trays of cuttings were placed between two greenhouses with an air ADT of 16 or 21°C and among 3 benches which provided RZH set points of 21, 24, or 27°C. After 14 or 16 d post-callus, measurements were collected for all genera and geranium and portulaca ‘Colorblast Lemon Twist’ were transplanted into a common environment. The air ADT and RZH individually influenced stem length of angelonia, lantana, kwik kombos, portulaca, thunbergia, and verbena, and interacted to influence angelonia and lantana. Under an air ADT of 21°C, angelonia was 30%-45% taller than an air ADT of 16°C. Stem length of geranium, New Guinea impatiens, and scaevola were not influenced by air ADT or RZH. With an RZH set point of 21°C, the root dry mass of thunbergia was 72% greater under an air ADT of 21 than 16°C. Lantana shoot dry mass was 23% smaller under an air ADT of 16°C and RZH of 21°C compared to an RZH of 24°C. Finished plants of geranium and portulaca were not influenced by air ADT or RZH and were comparable in size and date of marketability between treatments. Due to little to no differences in crop timing or quality, the majority of the crops studied can be propagated with an air ADT and RZH of 16 and 24°C, respectively, without negative effects during or after propagation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptome analysis of branches reveals candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis of ‘Red Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.)

    Zhang H.Li J.Li Q.Jiang F....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The color of the peel is the most direct reflection of fruit quality, and is also an important factor in attracting consumers. The ‘Red Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a red bud sport mutant variety of ‘Bartlett’ pear. It was found that the anthocyanin content in branches and pericarps of ‘Red Bartlett’ pears were significantly higher than that of ‘Bartlett’ pears. The present study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Red Bartlett’ using a transcriptome analysis. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 495 differentially expressed genes positively associated with anthocyanin. Additionally, 12 anthocyanin-related structural genes and 13 transcription factors, including WRKY, ERF, bHLH, ASIL2, and HSF, were identified through screening of 495 DEGs. The expression levels of one UFGT (Pbr014258.1) and one GST (Pbr012649.1) were also upregulated in the pericarps of ‘Red Bartlett’ and ‘Starkrimson’, more so than in ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Clapps Favourite’. Overall, this study clarified that the red color mutation of ‘Red Bartlett’ was closely linked to increased anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport. This study provided an abundance of valuable information on anthocyanin biosynthesis for future breeding of red-skinned pears.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Antioxidant system: The hub of bud dormancy regulation in Prunus sp.

    Barba-Espin G.Hernandez J.A.Diaz-Vivancos P.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The Author(s)Global warming, through affecting the dormancy progression of temperate fruit trees, has a profound impact on bud break, flowering and fruiting performance. This may lead to economic losses in the production of the genus Prunus sp., which cultivation is common in temperate regions worldwide, producing edible drupes such as almond, apricot, cherry, plum, peach and nectarines. To overcome climate change-related fruit tree disorders, knowledge on the biochemical mechanisms governing bud dormancy and dormancy release is essential. In this review, we gather knowledge on the understanding of bud dormancy in Prunus. Herewith, the antioxidant system is situated in the hub of a process where metabolic, physiological, biochemical and molecular components are linked in a complex manner. Moreover, the knowledge on the use of oxidative stress-related compounds to regulate dormancy release in Prunus is summarized. Finally, future research directions in this field are outlined.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The physiological and phenotypic response of Salvia aethiopis L. to herbicides

    Mousavimanesh N.Karimmojeni H.Vaghar M.Baldwin T.C....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The Author(s)Salvia aethiopis is an aromatic species within the Lamiaceae family, used both as a herb and as an ornamental plant, the yield and quality of which, when cultivated on a commercial basis, is frequently affected by weed infestation. Therefore, the application of herbicide is often required for the commercial production of this species. Considering which, for the current study, a pot experiment based upon a completely randomized design, with three replications, was conducted to evaluate the physiological and growth response of S. aethiopis to five commonly used herbicides (bentazon, phenmedipham/desmedipham, metribuzin, oxyfluorfen and oxadiargyl). These herbicides were applied at three concentrations (0.75X, 1X and 1.25X where X is equal to the recommended dose of herbicide). The data obtained from this study, demonstrated that herbicide application led to an increase in crop damage, minimum fluorescence (F0) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) and a concomitant decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSΙΙ (FV/FM), maximum fluorescence (FM), SPAD value, relative water content (RWC), plant height and shoot and root dry weight as compared to the control. However, the level of response/tolerance was dependent upon the specific herbicide and the dose applied. Of the selected herbicides, S.aethiopis has shown to display the most tolerance to bentazon. As such, these data indicate that of the herbicides tested, bentazon should be the preferred herbicide used for broad leafed weed control, during the commercial production of this species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome- and transcriptome-wide identification and analysis of B3 superfamily members and their association with salt stress response in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

    Du Y.-L.Zhang Q.Li W.-J.Li S.-Q....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The plant-specific transcription factor B3 superfamily members mediate plant growth, development, and stress response. Although the B3 gene has been studied in various plants, its role in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is unknown. In this study, 110 PvB3 genes were identified from the common bean genome and analyzed based on the phylogeny, gene structure, motifs, cis-regulatory elements, collinearity, and Ka/Ks. PvB3s were divided into four subgroups based on motifs and gene structure. The cis-element composition of the most PvB3 were involved in hormone production, abiotic stress response, and germination. Most PvB3 were highly expressed in the vigorously growth tissue of common bean, such as nodules, young pods, and young trifoliate. Moreover, RNA-seq results showed that PvB3-001/010/027/032/047/048/059/090 were enriched in tryptophan metabolism pathway (involves in AUX/IAA, GH3, and SAUR) of common bean under salt stress. Notably, exogenous IAA treatment could increase endogenous IAA content and the number of lateral roots, while altering the expression level of PvB3s in salt-sensitive common bean variety under salt stress. Taken together, the result indicated that PvB3 transcription factors may be involved in common bean salt stress response by participating in the synthesis and metabolic regulation of IAA. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on the role of PvB3s in common bean abiotic stresses response.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative assessment of energy analysis, drying kinetics, and biochemical composition of tomato waste under different drying conditions

    Cetin N.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Food industry generates devastating amount of waste, and it is not easy to handle such huge quantities. Tomato industry also generates tons of waste materials and drying is commonly used for waste tomatoes. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of drying methods on drying kinetics, energy aspects, rehydration, shrinkage, and chromatic parameters of waste tomato samples. The β-caroten, lycopene, antioxidant, antiradical activity, total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, fatty acid, and mineral contents of dried samples were also evaluated. Jena&Das model best estimated the drying process of tomato. The greatest color change values were obtained from air-convective (28.40) drying and the lowest from hybrid (16.03) drying. The highest rehydration capacity was determined in greenhouse (4.06) drying. Microwave drying was identified as the most efficient system in terms of energy (8.67%) and thermal efficiency (7.49%). Effective moisture diffusivity values ranged from 5.54×10–11 to 1.30×10–8 m2s–1. The highest total phenolics and ascorbic acid values were obtained from greenhouse drying. The greatest β-carotene and fatty acid contents were recorded in air convective drying. Microwave drying had the highest FRAP and flavonoid content.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Impact of substrate depth and fertilizer type on growth, production, quality characteristics and heavy metal contamination of tomato and lettuce grown on urban green roofs

    Savvas D.Yfantopoulos D.Tsaniklidis G.Goumenaki E....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Urban farming on rooftops is a contemporary approach that combines the benefits of green roofing with food production within the city sprawl. The present study aims at assessing plant growth, nutritional value, and consumer safety of two vegetables, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown on urban green roof. Treatments included: (a) two substrate depths (7.5 and 15 cm) and (b) three types of fertilization (granulated complex fertilizer [GF], slow nitrogen release complex fertilizer [SR], and liquid fertigation [LF]). Measurements included plant growth, total fresh yield, dry weight, and quality characteristics such as nutrient content, nitrate accumulation in lettuce and firmness, and total soluble solids [TSS] in tomatoes. Production safety was evaluated through tissue analyses of the edible parts for heavy metal residues. Results showed that 15 cm substrate depth improved the total yield for both vegetables, and the firmness of tomato fruit, compared to 7.5 cm depth. Fertilization type had no impact on tomato productivity but GF increased TSS in tomato fruits while LF enhanced lettuce yield. The deeper substrate increased N, P, K, Ca, Mg in lettuce leaves but only P and Mn in tomato fruits. In contrast, fertilization type affected leaf nutrient levels in lettuce, where N, P, and Mg were increased using LF. In tomato, the LF increased the fruit P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe concentration. LF increased the concentration of nitrates in lettuce to levels exceeding the maximum safety limits according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) but not according to EU regulation No 1258/2011. The leaf Mn concentrations in lettuce were higher than the health limits for young children in all measured samples irrespective of the experimental treatments. Selenium (Se) exceeded the health limits in tomato fruits for adults and toddlers using SR but only for toddlers using LF, while GF maintained the Se content below the safety levels. Lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) were high for both vegetables but did not exceed the EFSA safety limits for adults. However, Pb exceeded the EU Commission Regulation No 420/2011 limit, for both vegetables and fertilization treatments. Washing the leaves of lettuce reduced only Fe and Al concentration but the remaining elements were unaffected. In conclusion, our results suggest that lettuce and tomato of adequately high quality for human consumption can be produced on urban green roofs with shallow substrate depths ranging from 7.5 to 15 cm but, further research is needed to ensure production safety.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The influence of temperature on the phenology of apple trees grown in mild winter regions of Brazil, based on long-term records

    Pertille R.H.Citadin I.Oliveira L.D.S.D.Broch J.D.C....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Phenological events, such as flowering, are highly responsive to temperature and are directly influenced by the establishment of a dormancy period in temperate fruit trees. Increased temperatures, due to climate change, can cause advancement, delay or no change to temperate fruit tree flowering, putting production at risk and raising uncertainty about the future of crops in traditional apple producing regions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of temperatures on the endodormancy and ecodormancy periods, and how they directly influence the flowering dates of apple trees grown in contrasting areas in a subtropical climate region. Phenological and climate data were obtained from orchards located in the S?o Joaquim – SC (SJ), Ca?ador – SC (CA) and Palmas – PR (PA), in Southern Brazil. The climate of all three areas is considered Cfb using the K?ppen classification. First flowering date data for the apple cultivars Fuji and Gala were collected for 43 and 45 years at S?o Joaquim – SC, respectively for Fuji and Gala, for 39 years at Ca?ador – SC for both cultivars and for 9 years at Palmas – PR for both cultivars. The flowering date data were correlate with the daily mean temperatures during the year, using PLS analysis. Chill and heat accumulations were also calculated during the periods of chill and heat sensitivity (endodormancy and ecodormancy) delineated by PLS analysis. The PLS proved to be efficient at identifying periods where there was chill and heat accumulation by the apple tree in a subtropical region (mild winter region). The start date of flowering is influenced by temperatures during both the chilling and forcing periods. At CA and PA, the mean temperatures increased over the years, and the plants, especially the gala cultivar at CA, responded to this temperature increase with a significant change in their flowering date. At SJ, the coldest locality, temperature and phenology changes were not significant. The chill and heat requirements are different according to region and cultivar. When cultivars are exposed to conditions of low chill accumulation, the tendency is for heat requirement to increase. For the next few years, the temperature during the period of endodormancy could be a more decisive factor for the flowering process
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Growth regulation by air stream-based mechanical stimulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) – Part II: Phenotypic and physiological responses

    Sparke M.-A.Pujner K.Wunsche J.-N.Muller J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Plant responses to mechanical stimulation have a great potential for growth control of ornamentals plants and vegetable seedlings and is a major requirement to ensure plant compactness and stability. 21 days old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘Romello’) plants were exposed to regularly applied mechanical stimuli for 14 days by applying of a defined air stream through a custom-built air stream applicator. Air stream application gradually reduced total plant leaf area by 14% and promoted radial growth relative to internode length compared to the untreated control, resulting in a more compact and stable plant phenotype, which was also related to an increased stem dry matter content of the air stream-treated plants. The reduction in total plant leaf area was compensated for the translocation of proportionally more assimilates to light-harvesting tissues and to stems at the expense of dry mass accumulation in petioles. Total stem, leaf and root dry mass of air stream-treated plants were unaffected. The specific leaf area of the air stream treated plants was reduced compared to the control, resulting in an increased relative leaf greenness and consequently in an 8% higher net carbon assimilation rates on average compared to the control. Thereby, air stream-treated plants were able to maintain overall biomass accumulation at the same level as the control. Leaf transpiration rate of air stream treated plants was not markedly affected in the long-term. The technique presented should be easily transferable to other plants, such as ornamentals where the application of chemical plant growth regulators is still the most common technique for plant growth control.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier