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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Screening and identification of Rhizopus oryzae XERF-1 and its effect on apple replant disease

    Fan Z.Duan Y.Zhao L.Wang H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The endophytic fungus Rhizopus oryzae XERF-1 was isolated from healthy roots of apple trees growing under replanted conditions and shown to have a strong competitive antagonistic effect against ARD (Apple Replant Disease)-related pathogenic Fusarium spp. (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum, and Fusarium solani). The inhibition rate of mycelial growth on PDA medium was more than 75%, and the antagonistic coefficient reached level I. Pot experiment showed that treatment with an XERF-1 fertilizer significantly increased the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings, increased soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, root architectural parameters, photosynthetic parameters, and the number of bacteria in replant soil, and reduced the number of soil fungi. Fluorescence The qPCR results showed that XERF-1 fertilizer significantly reduced the abundance of F. oxysporum in the soil, which was consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results, the relative abundance of the harmful Fusarium spp. was significantly reduced. In summary, XERF-1 has significant potential as a biological control agent against ARD.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene delays chloroplast degradation in Gynura bicolor DC under sugar scarcity conditions

    Xie Y.Zhang F.Guo F.Song K....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022During postharvest transport and storage stage, Gynura bicolor DC (G. bicolor) is commonly handled in the darkness. However, long-term storage in the dark exacerbates postharvest sugar scarcity. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was showing effective in inhibiting postharvest physiological metabolism of fruits and vegetables. The aim of this research was to uncover the mechanism underlying the effects of 1-MCP on the chloroplasts of G. bicolor under postharvest sugar scarcity conditions. The status of carbon sources, the enzymes and genes involved in chloroplast degradation were investigated. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chloroplast function, and chloroplast structure were also investigated to examine the physiological changes that occur in chloroplasts during storage. Degradations of starch, soluble sugar, and soluble protein were effectively retarded by 1-MCP. The increase of free amino acid content and decay rate were markedly inhibited by 1-MCP. 1-MCP not only inhibited the ROS burst, structural disintegration, and function (maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry QY, and relative electron transfer rate ETR) decreased in chloroplast, but also delayed the increased activities of chlorophyll degraded-related enzymes (chlorophyllase CHL, pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase PPH and Mg-dechelatase), and proteinases (cysteine proteinase CP, serine proteinase SP and total proteinases TP), which retarding the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo), and chlorophyll degradation. The upregulated expressions of GbCHL, GbPPH, Gb-proteinases, GbATGs, and GbSAG101 were markedly blocked by 1-MCP. Correlation analysis showed that ROS burst was associated with sugar scarcity, the upregulated expressions of GbATGs, and GbSAG101 were associated with sugar scarcity and ROS burst, chlorophyll degradation was associated with the RuBisCo level. In conclusion, 1-MCP effectively delayed chloroplast degradation in G. bicolor by retarding sugar scarcity, inhibiting ROS burst in chloroplast, blocking the upregulated expressions of genes involved chloroplast degradation, and delaying the activities increase in proteases and chlorophyll degraded-related enzymes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Heredity of active compounds and selection of elite hybrids in a segregating F1 population of tea chrysanthemum

    Wang Q.Zhang X.Zhang M.Su J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The active compounds in the dry head-like capitulum of tea chrysanthemums are essential contributors to human health. Therefore, increasing the internal quality is a critical aim of tea chrysanthemum breeding programs, and knowledge of the inheritance of the quality traits and accurate identification of elite hybrids is vital for breeding success. The heredity of four intrinsic qualities, i.e., total flavone, chlorogenic acid, luteoloside, and isochlorogenic acid A, were investigated in a segregating F1 population. We implemented the principal components analysis (PCA), the membership function method, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to identify hybrids of superior quality. The quality traits were widely segregated, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.29 to 0.88. Transgressive individuals in both directions were observed for all investigated traits. Genotypes, environments, and genotype × environment interaction significantly affected the investigated compounds, and a moderate-high heritability was at 0.57 ～ 0.84. Total flavone, luteoloside, and isochlorogenic acid A showed highly positive heterosis (P < 0.01), while chlorogenic acid demonstrated negative heterosis, and the heterosis ratio was separately estimated at 17.11%, 127.14%, 14.51%, and -9.10%. Moreover, three elite hybrids with a comprehensive evaluation value (D) larger than 0.8 were selected for breeding use. The current study's findings add a new understanding of the inheritance pattern of the investigated active compounds, and the production of improved hybrids represents an essential step towards developing high-quality tea chrysanthemums.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of different dwarfing interstocks on the vegetative growth and nitrogen utilization efficiency of apple trees under low-nitrate and drought stress

    Xu J.Liang B.Shi Y.Yin B....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.We developed apple plants that are better adapted to growth in high-density orchards in dry areas with low-nutrient soil. One-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple cultivar ‘Tianhong 2’ on ‘Malus. robusta’ rootstock was cultivated with ‘SH40’, ‘Jizhen 1’, or ‘Jizhen2’ dwarfing rootstock as an interstock bridge to investigate the effects on vegetative growth and nitrogen utilization efficiency under different water and nitrate conditions. The results showed reductions in several growth indices, including plant height, trunk diameter, total dry weight, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthesis rate, for all interstocks under low-nitrate and drought conditions. The smallest reductions occurred with ‘SH40’ and the highest with ‘Jizhen2’. When subjected to drought, ‘SH40’ showed the minimum and ‘Jizhen2’ the maximum reduction in 15N accumulation and utilization. Additionally, ‘SH40’ had the highest nitrogen content and uptake flux, regardless of the nitrogen level. These findings suggest that the high tolerance of ‘SH40’ to drought and low-nitrogen stress recommend its use as an interstock.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Growth, nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of lettuce grown on two different soils with sulphur-based fertilizer, organic and chemical fertilizers

    Muscolo A.Marra F.Canino F.Maffia A....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Organic and industrial wastes represent a great opportunity to produce organic-mineral fertilizers for land restoration and crop quality improvement. The principal interest of this work was to use sulphur recovered from the residues of hydrocarbon refining processes, and orange wastes from food industry processing stabilized with bentonite (SBO) to cultivate lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most produced green leafy vegetable worldwide. The aim of the present study was to cultivate lettuce in open field, in two different soils, using the mineral-organic fertilizer (SBO) at different concentrations, in comparison to chemical fertilizer (NPK), horse manure (HM) and to a control (unfertilized soil). The impact of the new fertilizer on lettuce growth and quality (nutrients and antioxidants) was investigated. Results evidenced that sulphur-based-fertilizer increased mainly the quality rather than the growth of lettuce independently from the soil characteristics. The fertilization with SBO increased the amount of potassium and sulphate in lettuce grown in both soils in respect to fertilizer concentration. In both locations, a stimulatory effect of SBO fertilizer, more on secondary metabolites than primary metabolites, in particular flavonoids, phenols, vitamins C and E, was observed. The antioxidant activities expressed as DPPH and TAC, also increased in lettuce grown with SBO at all concentrations compared to CTR and the other treatments, the increase was dependant on the SBO concentration. In short, lettuce was found enriched of anti-inflammatory compounds and vitamins when cultivated with SBO. The highest antioxidant activities, in SBO grown lettuce, were correlated to the high amount of phenols for DPPH, and flavonoids, vitamin C and E for TAC. These results can be useful for both nutraceutical and agronomic purposes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Diversity of nutrient and nutraceutical contents in the fruits and its relationship to morphological traits in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

    Hazra P.Chattopadhyay A.Hazra S.Acharya B....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), a tropical vegetable crop, has long been used as a food and medicine. Its unripe fruits have anti-diabetic properties due to charantin, a typical cucurbitane-type triterpenoid. The present study aimed to determine diversity in different nutrient (β-carotene and ascorbic acid) and nutraceutical (chlorophyll, total phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, radical scavenging activities and charantin) content of matured but unripe fruits of five diverse genotypes and their association with different morphological characters (leaf colour, tendril character, sex form, fruit colour, fruit shape, tubercle character, fruit length, fruit girth and fruit weight) through heat mapping and regression modelling in order to determine the key characters influencing them. The genotypes differed significantly for most of the morphological traits, nutritional and nutraceutical contents and the predominant types of Indian origin (dark green, spindle shaped fruits with sharp tubercles) were associated with high nutrient and most of the nutraceutical contents but comparatively low in charantin content. The predominant types in the region of China, Japan, Indonesia, Korea (whitish yellow, yellowish white, obtuse or roundish-oblong fruit with light ridges or roundish blunt tubercles) were associated with comparatively low nutrient and most of the nutraceutical contents but high in charantin content. Association study identified the morphological characters influencing the phytochemical contents and regression modelling predicted relative significance of those morphological characters on the different nutrient and nutraceutical contents. The study confirmed the effectiveness of combining morphological characters with nutrient and nutraceutical contents that can be utilized to develop functionally rich bitter gourd genotypes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Postharvest treatment with glycine betaine enhances chilling tolerance of blood orange fruit by increasing antioxidant defence systems and osmoregulation during cold storage

    Guillen F.Valero D.Serrano M.Habibi F....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In this study, postharvest treatment with glycine betaine (GB) was performed in order to reduce chilling injury (CI) of blood orange cv. Moro at 3°C for 90 days. Vacuum infiltration of GB was applied at 15 and 30 mM at 30 kPa for 8 min. Parameters were evaluated after 1, 30, 60, and 90 days of storage plus 2 days at 20°C to simulate shelf life conditions. GB treatment at 30 mM significantly reduced CI in ‘Moro’ blood orange fruit during the storage period. In addition, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) lower content was found in GB-treated fruit. Furthermore, GB treatment enhanced catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities, and proline content, but suppressed polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities. Overall, the most effective treatment was 30 mM GB leading to preserving the outer layer of the epidermal cuticle (the cuticle), and epidermal wax approved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. For this reason, it can be concluded that GB treatment may be a promising approach for reducing the CI of ‘Moro’ blood orange fruit at low temperatures.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    S-Ethyl thioacetate as a natural anti-browning agent can significantly inhibit the browning of fresh-cut potatoes by decreasing polyphenol oxidase activity

    Feng Y.Sun Y.Meng Z.Sui X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Enzymatic browning drastically affects the acceptability and marketability of fresh-cut potatoes. The browning inhibitory effects and mechanisms of S-Ethyl thioacetate (S-Et) in fresh-cut potatoes were investigated. The results showed that S-Et treatment could delay the browning of fresh-cut potato chips, alleviate both the decrease of total phenol contents and the increase of soluble quinones contents, and inhibit the synthesis of browning pigment of potato mashes, but could not transform the browning pigment into colorless compounds. S-Et was a reversible mixed polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitor with the property of chelating Cu 2+. S-Et decreased PPO activity mainly by chelating Cu 2+, and acting on the amino acid residues of PPO. The results indicated that S-Et could be a promising natural anti-browning agent, which inhibited enzyme browning of potatoes mainly by decreasing PPO activity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phenotypic and genetic analyses of yellow spot malady in lettuce

    Peng H.Zhao R.Simko I.Smith R....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important leafy vegetable. An unknown malady that causes yellow spot (YS) blemishes on leaves has recently appeared in commercial fields in California, potentially reducing lettuce yield and/or quality. YS occurred on all morphological types of cultivated lettuce regardless of their color, with the highest (0.9) and lowest (0.09) rate in non-leaf (stem and oilseed) and leaf lettuce, respectively. The spots ranging in diameter from 0.5 to 3.1 mm (depending on genotype) were mostly observed on the adaxial leaf surface of mature or nearly mature plants. YS symptoms began as light-yellow circular spots that later became more intensely yellow and eventually turned necrotic. The YS affected area displayed decreased chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis that were not caused by the effect of fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, or foliar nematodes. Among 31 tested chemical elements, four macronutrients (P, Ca, Mg, and S) and eight microminerals (B, Cd, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Si, and Sn) had significantly changed concentration in the YS affected leaves. The trait exhibited a relatively high broad-sense inheritability (H2 = 47.9% ～ 68.4%) in four experiments conducted at two locations in three years. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 479 accessions revealed the effect of eight loci (qYS2.1, qYS3.1, qYS3.2, qYS4.1, qYS5.1, qYS5.2, qYS6.1, and qYS7.1) defined by 10 significant SNP markers. A total of 162 genes were predicted in the identified chromosomal regions, with four oxidation-reduction (redox) catalyzers being potentially the most promising candidate genes involved in the regulation of this physiological disorder.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of saline irrigation on the physiology and ornamental quality of Euphorbia Ascot Rainbow and its relationship with salinity indexes based on the bulk electrical conductivity

    Banon D.Lorente B.Ortuno M.F.Sanchez-Blanco M.J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Water scarcity and the global demand for better water management policies are leading to a more intensive use of brackish water in plant production. Irrigating with saline water, farmers seek a certain leaching fraction to prevent salt-induced damage which will depend on the plant tolerance to salts. In this sense, soil electrical conductivity (EC) and moisture sensors are essential for optimizing the leaching fraction in irrigation systems by automatically monitoring the water content and the bulk EC (ECb). However, since the ECb depends on both salt and moisture content, indexes are needed to account for this interaction to estimate the actual salinity conditions in the soil solution. This experiment was carried out in a polycarbonate greenhouse in which plants of Euphorbia Ascot Rainbow (Euphorbia) were irrigated at three salinity levels [1.8 (control), 3.3 (EC3), and 4.9 (EC5) dS m?1)]. The effects of the irrigation treatments on the physiology and morphology of Euphorbia and the reliability of three salinity indexes derived from the ECb were evaluated. The results showed that EC3 plants reduced their growth without being affected in terms of physiological and photochemical performance. The salinity index based on the ECb measured immediately after irrigation (ECbai) showed the greatest sensitivity to salinity changes. A threshold of 1.9 dS m?1 for this index should not be exceeded when producing Euphorbia plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier