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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Salinity affects eco-physiological aspects and biochemical compositions in chia (Salvia hispanica L.) during germination and seedling growth

    Izadi Y.Moosavi S.A.Gharineh M.H.
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Salvia hispanica (chia), a genus of Lamiaceae is a super food plant, which could be used as an oilseed and industrial medicinal crop in agro-ecosystems. High salinity inhibits chia seed germination and seedling growth, but the plant is moderately tolerant to salt. It is therefore important to study the role of antioxidant enzymes, biologically active compounds, and other eco-physiological responses related to salinity tolerance in this plant. However, despite of many nutritional benefits, there is a lack of information about chia seeds and seedling eco-physiology. Two experiments were conducted based on the completely randomized design in three replications. In the first experiment, salinity tolerance of chia was evaluated using final germination percentage, mean germination time, germination rate, seedling vigor and antioxidant enzymes activity at germination stage at six levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions including (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mM). In the second experiment, salinity tolerance of chia seedling were evaluated at seven levels of NaCl solutions up to 150 mM (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 150 mM). Results revealed that salinity significantly affected all traits except for seedling water content and photosynthetic water use efficiency at the seedling stage. Among seed germination parameters, only mean germination time increased by 77.2% at 200 mM salinity concentrations compared to control. Seed soluble protein increased by 37.50% at 50 mM NaCl and then declined by at 150 mM 46.36%. The activity of catalase and peroxidase increased 125.5% and 99.4% with increasing NaCl concentration from 150 to 200 mM, but malondialdehyde activity decreased 53.9%. It was revealed that secondary metabolites (total phenol and flavonoids) in chia seedlings increased by 55.0% and 9.9% at 40 mM, NaCl concentration while soluble sugars, nitrogen and protein content declined by 73.0, 57.6 and 57.6% at 150 mM compared to control salinity treatment. In addition, salinity had a negative effect on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rate, which are key players in salinity stress tolerance mechanisms of chia seedlings, especially up to 40 mM salt concentrations. Non-linear gompertz function provided an excellent description for chia seed germination (R2adj ≥ 0.97 and RMSE ≤ 4.49) and seedling establishment (R2adj ≥ 0.93 and RMSE ≤ 5.41) under salinity condition. A significant reduction in seed vigor index (40.4%) occurred at 50 mM NaCl concentration. chia seedlings below 40 mM NaCl concentration may encounter less detrimental effect.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phenotypic and genotypic characterization to authenticate and trace a high-quality yellow tomato ecotype through the processing chain

    Graci S.Olivieri F.Barone A.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In the last few years considerable interest is growing for high food quality, both for organoleptic and nutritional aspects. As for tomatoes, the yellow fruit varieties are conquering the consumer markets in many Mediterranean countries. Among the great variability of yellow tomatoes, one landrace of “Pomodorino giallo del Vesuvio”, named GiaGiù (E40), differs from the traditional “Pomodorino del Piennolo” for the fruit color and stands out for its quality traits, such as high glutamic acid, pectin content and titratable acidity of fruit, thus increasing its demand for both fresh consumption and cooking purposes. The aim of this work was to phenotypically and genotypically distinguish the GiaGiù landrace through morphological descriptors and molecular markers, in order to provide an effective tool to authenticate this product as fresh and processed tomatoes. Morphological characterization evidenced that the distinctive traits of GiaGiù landrace were the potato leaf morphology and the pyriform shape with a pointed apex of the yellow fruits. The genotypic distinction of E40 was performed by using two Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers designed on a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Phytoene synthase 1 (psy1) gene that confers the yellow color to tomato fruit and already known as specific of GiaGiù genotype. Additional CAPS markers were designed on two private mutations of E40 genes derived from data retrieved from a Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) dataset, already available. These findings were confirmed by comparing E40 private mutations with the 360 accessions of the BGI tomato 360 genomes resequencing project. The designed markers allowed to distinguish GiaGiù genotype in all fresh and processed fruit tomato matrices, thus representing a molecular tool able to prevent food fraud and authenticate GiaGiù products.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Ringing branches reduces fruitlet abscission by promoting PIN1 expression in ‘Orri’ mandarin

    Mesejo C.Martinez-Fuentes A.Reig C.Agusti M....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Ringing branches is a technique which is widely used to increase the yield of Citrus cultivars with low parthenocarpic ability. When performed during the physiological fruitlet abscission stage it prevents fruitlet drop and increases the number of fruits harvested. This effect has been related with an increased carbohydrate supply, which requires an enhanced photosynthesis efficiency of leafy flowering shoots. Since ringing also reduces vegetative growth, both the number of shoots and the leaves per shoot, the mechanism by which the carbohydrate supply is increased should be revised. Our results show that ringing carried out at this stage maintains the ability of the ovary for cell division mediated by the availability of carbohydrates, as indicated by an increased CcCYCA1.1 expression. But this effect is not linked with an increase in GA1 biosynthesis (CcGA3ox1 expression), as this occurs during fruit set; hence, hormones other than gibberellin must be controlling the physiological fruitlet abscission in response to ringing. We found that an increased expression of the auxin efflux carrier CcPIN1 gene suggests that ringing induces the auxin export out of the fruitlet and transport to the abscission zone (AZ-C), thus inhibiting its activation and allowing carbohydrates supply to the fruitlet which, thus, prevents abscission and continues growth.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Diversity among native Serbian cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) accessions: An ideal plant for sustainable cultivation, source of antioxidants and functional food

    Milosevic T.Ilic R.Milosevic N.Simovic S....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022From 2018–2020, we evaluated main fruit phisico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of 27 natural cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) accessions selected at western Serbia. The results indicated significant differences in FW, SW, Dg, L/D ratio, φ, FRa, SA and FV and contents of primary metabolites, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity among accessions. In general, the best fruit physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity had ‘AFTM 1′, ‘AFTM 7′, ‘AFTM 8′, ‘AFTM 10′, ‘AFTM 18′ and ‘AFTM 19′ although there were similarities between certain accessions in the values of the evaluated traits. The ‘AFTM 1′ characterized with the highest FW, FRa, both fruit dimensions, Dg, SA, FV, TAc and TPC and with the lowest SSC. The highest SSC had ‘AFTM 14′. The lowest values of all fruit physical traits were registered in ‘AFTM 6′. This accession had good TPC. The ‘AFTM 18′ had the best antioxidant capacity, whereas ‘AFTM 19′ had the highest TFC. The worst vitamin C content, TAc and TPC had ‘AFTM 21′ and ‘AFTM 24′, respectively, whereas the lowest TFC and TAC were registered in ‘AFTM 11′. The highest RI was found in ‘AFTM 8′ and ‘AFTM 10′. The most acidic fruits had ‘AFTM 11′ and ‘AFTM 27′. The ‘AFTM 27′ had the lowest RI, whereas ‘AFTM 24′ had the worst TPC and TFC. The fruit physical characteristics correlated significantly and positively with each other. However, correlations between fruit physical traits and content of primary and/or secondary metabolites were not significant in most cases or were of weak intensity, indicating that larger fruits were generally poorer in phytochemicals content. PCA can be a very useful tool for segregating natural accessions with the best fruit physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Enhanced shoot and plantlet quality of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Revolution Yellow) cultivar on medium containing silver and cobalt nanoparticles

    Tung H.T.Nguyen P.L.H.Van Lich T.Cuong D.M....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were investigated with regard to shoot multiplication, in vitro rooting, acclimatization, growth and flowering of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Revolution Yellow) cultivar. The results showed that AgNPs had effects on the shoot multiplication stage, while CoNPs had effects on the in vitro rooting, acclimatization, growth and flowering stages. Single shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L?1 AgNPs recorded optimal shoot multiplication efficiency, with shoots taller than 2 cm in height as well as reduced vitrification and yellowing of the leaf after 4 weeks of culture. In addition, the 2.5 cm shoots cultured on MS medium with 0.0465 mg L?1 CoNPs being used instead of CoCl2.6H2O gave rooting two days earlier and improved in vitro rooting. Moreover, reduction in vitrification, yellowing of the leaf and browning of the explant were observed in the rooting stage. There were reductions in ethylene accumulation and cellulase and pectinase enzyme activities, while the antioxidant activity increased in the rooting stage after 4 weeks, and this all enhanced the survival rate of plantlets in the acclimatization at the nursery stage.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genetic diversity in gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa), as estimated with SSR markers

    Nordlander J.Skytte af Satra J.Mattisson H.Garkava-Gustavsson L....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022European gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) is a popular berry crop in many European countries, including Sweden, Denmark and Ukraine. There is no active gooseberry breeding programme in either Sweden or Denmark, but a successful programme is operating in Ukraine. In Sweden and Denmark, research on gooseberries is primarily focused on collection and phenotypic evaluation of genetic resources. As part of these activities, a large number of inventory finds have been collected but have not yet been characterised morphologically or molecularly. The goal of this study was thus to characterise gooseberry germplasm with 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. From 242 accessions analysed, 153 unique genotypes were identified. Cultivars that have been in widespread cultivation in Sweden, such as the Finnish cultivars ‘Hinnonm?en Keltainen’ and ‘Hinnonm?en Punainen’, had relatively large numbers of synonymous samples. While many inventory finds were identifiable as synonyms of known cultivars, several were found to constitute unique genotypes within the germplasm studied. The studied genotypes clustered relatively well in three posterior groups, consisting of cultivars originating before and after the American gooseberry mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) outbreak around 1900 and cultivars originating from the territory of the former Soviet Union. A fourth genetic cluster consisting mainly of inventory finds from central and northern Sweden was also identified. In addition, it was possible to verify recorded and stipulated parentages for some of the cultivars studied and to identify three likely parent-parent-child trios. Thus, inventories of local gooseberry germplasm and a subsequent genotyping proved successful in finding unique local genotypes, with potential local adaptation. The data obtained provide a foundation for future studies of gooseberry genetic resources, while also illustrating the importance of a well-curated and phenotypically characterised set of reference cultivars for future studies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Aerated drip irrigation improves water and nitrogen uptake efficiencies of tomato roots with associated changes in the antioxidant system

    Zhu J.Niu W.Xu N.Zhang Z....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.China has the largest area of vegetable cultivation in greenhouse vegetable system in the world. However, the excessive application of irrigation and fertilizers has caused soil degradation and hardening, even leading to injury and yield loss in vegetable. Increasing soil aeration oxygen can improve crop water and nutrient uptake efficiencies. However, its effects on crop antioxidant systems are less known. Due to the sensitivity of the antioxidant system to changes in soil oxygen content, it is expected that aerated drip irrigation (ADI) delivering microbubble water to the crop rhizosphere will alter root antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and osmotic regulators in tomato plants. We conducted pot experiments under eight irrigation regimes: five aerated durations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of the subsurface drip irrigation period aerated (CK, A25%, A50%, A75%, and A), with two aerated sequences (L: subsurface drip irrigation follow by aerated drip irrigation, F: aerated drip irrigation follow by subsurface drip irrigation) for the A25%, A50% and A75% treatments. All treatments with ADI had an average of 7.63% higher oxygen concentration (OC) than the CK treatment at 74 d after transplanting. The principal component analysis revealed that MDA of all treatments had the greatest effect on the antioxidant system, while aerated drip irrigation reduced MDA content. Increasing aeration duration from A25% to A75% significantly affected antioxidant enzyme activities and root growth parameters, and the L treatment had higher values than the F treatment. The L-A75% treatment had the highest water use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, and yield. The structural equation model demonstrated that ADI indirectly promotes tomato water and nitrogen uptake efficiencies by affecting the antioxidant system and root growth.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification of candidate genes associated with sex differentiation and determination of gender diphasic plant Lilium apertum (Liliaceae)

    Huang H.Hu X.Wang H.Zhang Z.-Q....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Gender diphasy is a very rare sexual strategy in flowering plant, in which each individual can reproduce as either male or female phase plants over years according to circumstances. However, the limited genetic information related to the molecular basis of sex determination remains largely unknown. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis on hermaphroditic and male flowers at a critical sex divergence stage was performed to identify sex-biased differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in a gender diphasic lily species Lilium apertum. A total of 2,338 unigenes were identified as DEGs of which the top match specie is oil palm whose gender affected by environmental conditions, such as water deficit. Among seven pathways enriched in KEGG enrichment analysis, many DEGs involved in photosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and zeatin biosynthesis were up-regulated in hermaphroditic flower. While many DEGs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism were up-regulated in male flower. Moreover, the significant higher level of zeatin (ZT) in hermaphroditic flower and available nitrogen (N) that is kind of necessary synthetic substrate of cytokinin (CK) in hermaphroditic plants may be attributed to, at least in part, sex differentiation of L. apertum. Additionally, the significant sex-biased expression of two important drought-associated proteins, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and heat-shock proteins (HSPs), could be considered as marker to distinguish the hermaphroditic and male flower at earlier developmental stage. We hypothesize that N deficiency or/and water loss signaling induced apoptosis and arrested the pistil development, in turn, affected the sex divergence of L. apertum. Our results demonstrated, for the first time in well-documented gender diphasic plants, that genes related to many pathways might regulate sex changes triggered by environmental conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of micro–spray on plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of tomato under high temperature condition in a greenhouse

    Xue R.Yan H.Zhang C.Zhang W....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Micro–spray is usually used to improve plant growth environment to avoid growth inhibiting and yield decreasing due to the high temperature inside the greenhouses in summer. To investigate the effect of micro–spray on plant growth and physiological properties, a combined irrigation method of micro–spray and drip irrigation (MSDI) was applied to tomato plants growing in a Venlo–type greenhouse for two seasons. The plant growth and physiological parameters of tomatoes grown under MSDI were compared with them under drip irrigation (DI). The running time of micro–spray was set based on the timing of high air temperature (Ta) appeared. The micro–spray was opened (7.5 L/h for each nozzle) for 1 min for each time point at 9:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 13:00 and 14:00 when the Ta was higher than 30 °C. The MSDI had a positive effect on plants growth (18% increased in stem diameter compared to DI) and the leaf temperature (Tl) decreased around 3–6 °C when the micro–spray was operated, and the cooling effect can be sustained for 10–30 min. Water use efficiency (WUE) under MSDI was similar to it under DI by comparing yield and total water consumption of tomato plants, and the total soluble solids (TSS) of tomato under two irrigation methods were similar (5.4% under DI and 5.5% under MSDI) during 2021.The results shown that the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and Ta were represented a negative correlation with chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (the effective quantum yield of PSII, ФPSII). The ФPSII value of tomato under MSDI was higher than it under DI during the micro–spray operating period, and it was more stable during the high Ta period. The improvement rate of ФPSII at different intensity of PAR (at 9:30, 10:30, 11:30, 12:30, 13:30 and 14:30) was varied, and it had a unified decline at 12:30 at the highest Tl during two seasons. Short time (1minute) micro–spray application did not have a remarkable effect on the adjusting of the damage caused by heat stress once temperature over 35 °C. Applying MSDI for tomato plants grown in greenhouse is recommended to reduce the severe effect on plant growth and physiology by high temperature. In addition, the result of this study provides a scientific guide for the development of intellectualization irrigation systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effect of spermidine and methionine application thorough two biosynthetic paths on flowering of early and late flowering genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

    Rezaeian Z.Kappel N.Haghighi M.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The Author(s)This research was carried out to investigate the effect of Spermidine (SPD) and its synthesis routes on flowering and fruit formation in two early and late flowering genotypes of eggplant in a completely randomized design. For this reason, the spermidine route was blocked with Cyclohexylamine (CHA) and Methylglyoxal-bis-guanilhydrazone (MGBG) separately to investigate each route effect. On the other hand, the route synthesis promotes with the precursor methionine (200 mg/L) and spermidine (0.5 and 1 mM), and distilled water was used as a control treatment. These treatments were applied in vegetative growth and ten days after flowering. Results showed that SPD increased the traits such as length of style, long-styled flowers, fruit number, and yield. The lowest amount of day to flowering was observed in SPD, 0.5 mM at early flowering genotypes. The highest fruit weight and yield were in SPD, 1 mM at late flowering genotype. SPD improved flowering and fruit characteristics in both genotypes. Conclusively, methionine precursor path's blocking had more inhibitory effects on reproductive and fruiting characteristics in the late flowering genotype, i.e., methionine was a more critical precursor in spermidine production induced flowering than spermidine application. The activity of synthetic pathways and their effects on different processes depends on the different cultivars and stages of the developmental stage of the eggplant.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier