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Scientia horticulturae
International Society for Horticultural Science
Scientia horticulturae

International Society for Horticultural Science

0304-4238

Scientia horticulturae/Journal Scientia horticulturaeSCIISTP
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    Osmotic adjustment, production, and post-harvest quality of mini watermelon genotypes differing in salt tolerance

    Gomes do O L.M.Cova A.M.W.da Silva N.D.Santos A.L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The mini watermelon is a crop with high yield potential in the Brazilian semiarid region; however, some problems, such as the salinity of irrigation water, can cause physiological and biochemical changes in the species, compromising production and post-harvest quality of the fruits. In the present study, two genotypes of mini watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) cultivated in a hydroponic system were evaluated for the effects of nutrient solution salinity on yield, fruit quality, and solutes content. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme (5 × 2), with four replicates, each consisting of three plants. The mini watermelon genotypes ‘Champagne’ (CP) and ‘Fancy’ (FY) were cultivated in nutrient solutions with different electrical conductivity levels - ECsol (2.5 - control, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 dS m?1). Production components, post-harvest variables of fruit quality and the contents of organic and inorganic solutes were evaluated. The increase in ECsol reduced the production variables, with the emphasis on the CP genotype, which stood out for comparatively mall production losses (45% - fruit mass); being considered tolerant to salt stress when compared to FY (57% - fruit mass). Fruit production showed a linear decrease, with a salinity threshold at 2.5 dS m?1 in both genotypes. The salinity increased the contents of total soluble solids (TSS) in both genotypes: for 9.5 to 10.6 °Brix (11.6%) in the CP genotype and from 9.7 to 12.1° Brix (24.7%) in the FY. Contents of organic and inorganic solutes, except proline, can act as indicator for the selection of salinity-tolerant mini watermelon genotypes. Despite the changes induced by salt stress in the physicochemical characteristics, the fruits remained within acceptable commercial standards for both genotypes. The FY genotype, though salt-sensitive is more suitable for hydroponic cultivation up to ECsol of 4.5 dS m?1, and both the genotypes can be used in systems up to with ECsol 6.5 dS m?1.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Analyzing the effect of light on lettuce Fv/Fm and growth by machine learning

    Chen D.Zhang J.Zhang Z.Wan X....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Varied plant growth cultivations require different light conditions. To explore them with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Hong Kong glass’), five photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 50, 150, 300, 450 and 600 μmol·m?2·s?1) levels were set in completely controlled circumstances. Using ordinary least squares (OLS), the appropriate PPFD was determined depending on the dark fluorescence characteristics. Following 14 h of treatment, a new PPFD of 200 μmol·m?2·s?1 was employed to monitor the adaptation process obtained using the genetic algorithm-support vector regression (GA-SVR) model. The results showed that Fv/Fm declined as PPFDs increased except for L50, and OLS with R2 and RMSE of 0.9710 and 0.0416 suggested 140.80 μmol·m?2·s?1 was the ideal PPFD. Little changed in the new PPFD adaptation procedure for, L50, L150, and L300. During 42 h of adaptation, the discretized curves of Fv/Fm using the GA-SVR model at various PPFDs revealed that Fv/Fm increasingly approached and eventually reached the same level. The quick change was in [290, 480] μmol·m?2·s?1 depending on the probability density distributions. The difference in change rates between the two PPFD treatments decreased, indicating that lettuce's light tolerance improved after the two phases. The largest sum Fv/Fm in L150 indicated a maintained growth state. Full-cycle cultivation revealed that 150 and 250 μmol·m?2·s?1 had the highest fresh biomass. In conclusion, in [290, 480] μmol·m?2·s?1, short-term high light could improve plant light adaptability in variable light. In the constant light of the plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL), it was recommended to utilize the light intensity of 140.80 μmol·m?2·s?1, which can both maintain growth and save light energy. A more suitable solution might be chosen depending on the cultivation requirements.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Strategies used by two goji species, Lycium ruthenicum and Lycium barbarum, to defend against salt stress

    Li W.Rao S.Du C.Liu L....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The perennial shrub genus goji, particularly the wild species Lycium ruthenicum, has a high tolerance to salinity, but the adaptation strategy used by this salt-tolerant species is poorly understood. Here, the differential responses of cultivated goji Lycium barbarum and wild Lycium ruthenicum to salinity were investigated to study their stress tolerance and understand their salt-stress tolerance strategies. Physiological traits, including biomass, malondialdehyde content, and proline content were analyzed under different NaCl concentrations. Results of the biomass analysis indicated that moderate NaCl treatment enhanced growth compared with nonsalinized control. However, malondialdehyde accumulated under the 200 mM NaCl treatment, particularly in L. barbarum. Proline levels increased, whereas the SPAD value and relative water content were stable. After L. barbarum and L. ruthenicum seedlings were treated with 200 mM NaCl for 16 days, ion accumulations and ion flux characteristics were analyzed. L. ruthenicum evolved a more efficient mechanism to maintain K+/Na+ homeostasis than L. barbarum because the former had an improved ability to regulate ion transport.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Supplemental light with different blue and red ratios in the physiology, yield and quality of Impatiens

    Kobori M.M.R.G.Mello S.D.C.de Freitas I.S.Silveira F.F....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The yield of many ornamental plant species decreases sharply in the fall and winter seasons due to the decrease in solar radiation and temperature. The aim of this study was to verify the response of two Impatiens hybrid hort cultivars Sunpatiens Compact Royal Magenta and Sunpatiens Compact White to LED supplemental light with different ratios of red and blue: 83% red (640-660 nm): 17% blue (460-470 nm), 75% red (640-660 nm): 25% blue (460-470 nm), 67% red (640-660 nm): 33% blue (460-470 nm), and 50% red (640-660 nm): 25% red (620-630 nm): 25% blue (460-470 nm); and control (only natural light). Plants were grown in a nursery greenhouse at Atibaia, SP, Brazil, with day and night air temperature of 28°C and 21°C, respectively. Mother plants were grown with a spacing of 12 cm x 14 cm in plastic boxes (36 cm width x 56 cm length x 14 cm height) with 50% vermiculite and 50% perlite. Lights were placed at 1 m distance from the plants base, emitting a PPFD of 150 μmol m?2 s?1. The daily supplemental light for 12 hours (6 am to 6 pm) began after mother plants transplant and was maintained for seven months until the end of the experiment. The yield and quality of both mother plants and cuttings collected from them, as well as of the plugs developed after three weeks were evaluated regarding to biometric characteristics, pigments, antioxidant enzymes, stress indicators, photosynthetic activity and trichomes counting. Impatiens response varied according to the growing season. In the winter season, at 202 DAT, the 83R:17B LED light increased in 35.4% the number of cuttings produced per plant compared to the control. The light supplementation with different spectral proportions did not cause oxidative stress of the Impatiens mother plants, maintaining its quality. The performance of Royal Magenta cv. differed from the White cv. regarding to the use of artificial lighting, mainly due to the higher concentration of anthocyanin in leaves of the Royal Magenta cv. The supplemental light effect during the cuttings production of the White cv. continued until the final phase of the plugs production, due to more compact cuttings produced in the 83R:17B LED light treatment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis increase the susceptibility of octoploid strawberry to crown rot caused by Colletotrichum siamense

    Shu B.Hu Y.Luo C.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Crown rot caused by Colletotrichum siamense is a serious disease affecting strawberry that leads to large-scale losses, both in their quality and yield, in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Secondary metabolites are known to play pivotal roles in defense responses against invading pathogens, and identifying metabolites involved in crown rot is necessary for understanding induced resistance and developing improved genetic resistance against strawberry crown rot. To explore this research topic, the infection process was verified via observation of the phenotypes and histopathology of susceptible ‘Benihoppe’ strawberry inoculated with C. siamense. Following this, metabolomic analysis was used that identified phenolic acids, flavonoids, and amino acids as the metabolites accumulated in the rotten crown caused by the C. siamense infection process. Furthermore, the transcripts encoding enzymes involved in the ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ of phenolic acids, trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, caffeoylshikimate esterase, and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase were all upregulated in the rotten crown, as shown by transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR. In addition, the metabolites p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid in the ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathway all enhanced C. siamense infection, as shown by an exogenous validation experiment. Together, the results demonstrate that the ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathway was induced during crown rot and thus highlight the potentially crucial regulatory role of this pathway in plant immunity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    CsLBD37, a LBD/ASL transcription factor, affects nitrate response and flowering of tea plant

    Zhuang J.Teng R.-M.Yang N.Liu C.-F....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The tea plant is widely cultivated as an economic crop throughout the world. Nitrate is an essential nutrient, as well as a key signaling molecule that controls plant growth and development. LBD transcription factors play important roles in plant nitrate response. The study of the functions of LBD transcription factors in tea plant, on the other hand, is still limited. In this work, CsLBD37, a nitrate-induced LBD family gene from tea plant was isolated and characterized. The CsLBD37 protein was located in the nucleus and showed transcriptional activity in yeast. Under 5 mM nitrate treatment, CsLBD37 overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in shorter main roots (0.16-, 0.45-, and 0.65-fold of wild type plants), fewer lateral roots (0.1-, 0.18-, and 0.27-fold of wild type plants), and reduced plant weight (0.36-, 0.31-, and 0.34-fold of wild type plants). In addition, the transgenic Arabidopsis contained a reduced nitrate concentration (the nitrate content of OE-1 and OE-2 in leaves was 0.45 and 0.44 times of that in non-transgenic plants, respectively) and lower expression levels of nitrate-responsive genes. In transgenic Arabidopsis, CsLBD37 overexpression results in shorter plants, earlier blooming and fewer seeds. The results proved that CsLBD37 regulates nitrate signaling in tea plants, which lays the groundwork for future studies on the nitrate response mechanism.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Shading apple trees with an agrivoltaic system: Impact on water relations, leaf morphophysiological characteristics and yield determinants

    Juillion P.Genard M.Vercambre G.Lopez G....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The installation of dynamic photovoltaic panels over apple orchards could meet the challenges of protecting orchards from climate change and drive the energetic transition. However, the impact of solar panel's shading on apple performance needs to be investigated before being commercially adopted. A dynamic agrivoltaic system was installed in the south of France over a 10-year-old 'Golden Delicious' apple orchard and studied during three experimental seasons (2019–2021). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of fluctuating shading (photovoltaic panel orientation to maximise panel light interception) on water relations, leaf morphophysiological characteristics and yield determinants. With the selected photovoltaic design and strategy, trees were grown under a fluctuating shading (variable shading between 4% and 88% during the day) with a mean shading rate of 50–55%. On average, the air temperature was reduced by 3.8 °C, while relative humidity was increased by 14% under shading conditions. Depending on the season, the lower radiation and stressful microclimate decreased the irrigation between 6% and 31%. Fluctuating shading reduced the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and increased their specific leaf area (thinner leaves). The reduction in carbohydrate assimilation under shading was associated with lower starch reserve accumulation in the shoots (-7%), lower flower intensity at the shoot scale (-31%) and a lower proportion of trees with a high floribundity in 2020 (-45%). However, less alternate bearing was observed under shading, and better frost protection resulted in a higher proportion of trees bearing fruit under photovoltaic panels (+31%) and number of fruits per fruit-bearing tree (+44%) in 2021. Fruit size was less sensitive than fruit number to shading. Fruit size was reduced by 17% in 2019 but maintained in 2020 and 2021, probably due to a better water status of shaded trees that accumulated more water. Fruit dry matter content under shading was reduced by an average of 24%. In conclusion, agrivoltaic systems may reduce alternate bearing behaviour in apple trees, showing the importance of carrying out a multi-year study. However, the fluctuating shading strategy tested in this study did not maintain sufficient yields, with yields below 40 t/ha in all three years of study. Identifying the positive and negative effects of shading in this study may be useful for the development of sustainable apple orchard shading strategies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparison of morphological, physiological, and related-gene expression responses to saline-alkali stress in eight apple rootstock genotypes

    Yang W.Mobeen Tahir M.Zhang X.Li S....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Grafting cultivars onto rootstocks capable of high saline-alkalinization tolerance is a promising way to improve apple production under specific regions with saline-alkali stress. The morphological, physiological, and related-gene expression responses of eight apple rootstock genotypes, including ‘Zumi’, ‘Marubakaido’, ‘Qingzhen 1’, ‘SH.6’, ‘M.26’, ‘B.9’, ‘M.9-T337’ and ‘Mark 9’, to saline-alkali stress were investigated under a 1:1 molar ratio of 75 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) conditions. Morphological observations suggested that saline-alkali inhibited root development, limited biomass accumulation, and caused varying degrees of injury symptoms on leaves. Moreover, root activity and photosynthesis capacity of most genotypes declined. Still, the sodium (Na+) /potassium (K+) ratios, relative electrolyte conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents were increased differently in all genotypes. Furthermore, the antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and the expression levels of stress signal transduction related genes (MdRD22, MdRD29A, MdRD29B, MdAREB1A, MdAREB1B, and MdDREB2A) were increased or upregulated in some saline-alkali tolerance genotypes while decreased or downregulated in other sensitive genotypes. To sum up, the studied apple rootstocks were classified as highly tolerant (‘Zumi’ and ‘Qingzhen 1’); tolerant (‘M.9-T337’, ‘Marubakaido’ and ‘SH.6’); and susceptible (‘Mark 9’, ‘M.26’, and ‘B.9’) genotypes based on their saline-alkali stress indexes (SAI), average saline-alkali tolerance trait indexes (SATTI) and clustering analysis. These findings suggested that the rootstocks in current study are potential candidates for apple rootstocks against various levels of saline-alkali stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Natural variations and dynamics of macronutrients for 87 tea plant (Camellia sinensis) varieties throughout the growing seasons in Wuhan

    Zaman F.Zhang E.Li J.Guo F....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is the most extensively consumed beverage crop in the world, with steadily increasing consumption over the last decade. Tea plantations are frequently over-fertilized to achieve enhanced growth and yield, which ultimately influences the soil acidification and compaction, resulting in low quality and yield. However, the effect of optimum nutrient concentrations in the leaves on tea yield and quality is poorly understood. In this study, the dynamics of macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels, nutrient use and remobilization efficiencies, and nutrient requirements (NR) were quantified among the diverse tea plant varieties over the entire growing seasons. Leaf samples of two categories, young leaves and mature canopy leaves, were collected from 87 elite tea varieties during the growing seasons to illustrate their biological significance. The results revealed that the highest average N levels were observed in the 2nd spring tea, P levels in summer tea, and K levels in autumn tea in both young and mature leaves. The results further revealed that a higher average nutrient utilization efficiency for nitrogen (NUtE-N) was identified in the summer followed by autumn. The NUtE-P in autumn and the NUtE-K in the 1st spring tea were relatively higher. Nutrient remobilization efficiencies (NRE) (NRE < 0 and NRE > 0) for N, P and K within canopy leaves were calculated, indicating the alternative roles of sources and sinks during the growth period. Moreover, NRE < 0 was almost exclusively found in the spring and summer, whereas NRE > 0 was mainly observed in the autumn. In terms of requirements, N was the most required for optimal tea yield, followed by K, and then P. Seasonally, maximum N, P and K requirements were coincidentally observed in the 2nd spring tea, whereas the minimum were in summer tea, autumn tea and the 1st spring tea, respectively. Based on nutrient utilization, the nutrient requirements of tea plants and the understanding of natural variability in N, P and K dynamics were elucidated to address agronomic, economic and environmental issues.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Changes in physio-biochemical status of cut of rose (Rosa Hybrida L. cv. Samurai) flowers under methyl Jasmonate, brassinosteroid, and fungal elicitor to control gray mold

    Naeemi M.H.Kalateh Jari S.Zarinnia V.Fatehi F....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The control of disease and improvement of flower quality are mainly influenced by natural and chemical compounds. Elicitors are pathogen signal metabolites, while methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant growth regulators, which significantly activate defense mechanisms in plants and maintain the quality of cut flowers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of BR (1and 2 μM), MeJA (0.1 and 0.2 Mm), and fungal elicitor (FE, 600, 800, and 1000 mg l?1) as pulsing method, alone and in combination with spraying of Botrytis cinerea (BC). the physiological traits and inhibition effect on fungal growth on cut rose flowers. The results showed that 1000 and 800 mg l?1 of FE were the most effective treatments to improve the carbohydrate content, relative water content (RWC), antioxidant activities, and vase life of rose flowers. In addition to these treatments, 0.1 and 0.2 mM MeJA and 1 μM BR significantly improved the quality of cut rose flowers. The best inhibitors of gray mold disease were all levels of FE followed by 0.2 mM MeJA and 1 μM BR. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities continuously increased over time. Heat map (HM) analysis showed catalase and vase life were the most effective traits in determining changes of the physiological status of cut rose flowers. The study suggests the use of elicitors particularly 1000 mg l?1 FE to obtain flowers with a long vase life.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier