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Soil Use and Management
Blackwell Scientific Publication Ltd.
Soil Use and Management

Blackwell Scientific Publication Ltd.

0266-0032

Soil Use and Management/Journal Soil Use and ManagementSCIISTPEI
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    Soil quality and fertility in sustainable agriculture, with a contribution to the biological classification of agricultural soils

    Adriano SofoAugusto ZanellaJean‐Fran?ois Ponge
    28页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Soils and crops are particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many agrosystems, soil biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by soils are under threat from a range of natural and human drivers. Agricultural soils are often subject to agronomic practices that disrupt soil trophic networks and make soils less productive in the long term. In this scenario, sustainable soil use aimed at improving plant/root status, growth and development plays a crucial role for enhancing the biological capacity of agricultural soils. This commentary paper is divided into the following four main sections: (i) the contentious nature of soil organic matter; (ii) soil biological quality/fertility; (iii) soil classification; and, (iv) which agricultural practices can be defined as sustainable? The published literature was analyzed within a holistic framework, with agrosystems considered as living systems where soil, vegetation, fauna and microorganisms co‐evolve and are reciprocally influenced. Ultimately, this article will suggest a better stewardship of agricultural soils as a natural capital.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Nitrogen recovery in reclaimed mine soil under different amendment practices in tandem with legume and non‐legume revegetation: A review

    Sneha KumariSubodh Kumar Maiti
    33页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Nitrogen (N) supply is the major limiting nutrient in most reclamation schemes. In reclaimed mine soil (RMS), examining the N dynamics can be especially informative for understanding constraints on recovery that restrict revegetation success. Scholarly studies worldwide have focused on exogenous N incorporation to alleviate N shortages in the agriculture, and forestry sectors. Currently, growing concerns for the negative consequences of mining have highlighted N deficiency as one of the most significantly identified abiotic limits. Only a few researchers have focused on the N transformation mechanisms in drastically altered mine soils. The review comprises the last 10?years’ research on mine reclamation approaches using legume and non‐legume plant communities. Also the capacity of different amendments to alleviate N shortages in mine soils is emphasized. The major findings of the present review suggest: (i) Revegetation using legume and non‐legume species is a self‐sustaining and economical alternative to mineral N fertilizer application; however, they cannot fully activate the biological N cycle in RMS. (ii) A more biological amendment‐assisted revegetation would enhance the key concepts of “soil‐biomass N balance” and would be ideal for N recovery in imbalanced mine soil. Altogether, grass‐legume seeding offers a potentially valuable mine reclamation tool for managing N and addressing the challenges of sustainable development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Effect of conservation tillage on crop yield and soil organic carbon in Northeast China: A meta‐analysis

    Jia‐Rui NiuCheng‐Tang XuShou‐Wei HanCong He...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Northeast China, the important grain‐producing region in China, is under threat from soil degradation because of long‐term conventional tillage (CT). The adoption of conservation tillage is anticipated to restore soil fertility, maintain crop yields and enhance sustainability. However, the integrated effects of conservation tillage practice on crop yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) remain unclear. In this meta‐analysis of peer‐reviewed studies conducted in the Northeast China region, we assess crop yields and SOC values under no‐till, ridge tillage and subsoiling tillage practices. The results indicate that in areas with mean annual temperatures (MAT) below 3°C, crop yields were significantly (p?<?.05) higher under ridge tillage (0.8%) and subsoiling tillage (13.1%) compared with CT, whereas yields reduced under no‐till (?3.7%). Ridge tillage generally had a similar effect on crop yield as no‐till, without the negative impact in colder regions. We also report that no‐till practice increased SOC concentrations by 24.1%, 43.9% and 17.4% in areas of higher temperature (MAT?>?6°C), low mean annual precipitation (MAP) (<500?mm) and continuous cropping conditions, respectively. Ridge tillage and subsoiling tillage also had positive effects on SOC concentrations (to a lesser degree than no‐till), indicating that conservation tillage can enhance SOC in Northeast China. Overall, the implementation of different conservation tillage measures in Northeast China was found to enhance crop yields and sequester carbon. We recommend that ridge tillage is used in colder areas and that subsoiling tillage is used in rotation with other tillage measures to maintain crop yields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    An assessment of potential pesticide transmission, considering the combined impact of soil texture and pesticide properties: A meta‐analysis

    John McGinleyJenny Harmon O’DriscollMark G. HealyParaic C. Ryan...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Pesticides are widely employed as a cost‐effective means of reducing the impacts of undesirable plants and animals. The aim of this paper is to develop a risk ranking of transmission of key pesticides through soil to waterways, taking into account physico‐chemical properties of the pesticides (soil half‐life and water solubility), soil permeability, and the relationship between adsorption of pesticides and soil texture. This may be used as a screening tool for land managers, as it allows assessment of the potential transmission risks associated with the use of specified pesticides across a spectrum of soil textures. The twenty‐eight pesticides examined were differentiated into three groups: herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The highest risk of pesticide transmission through soils to waterways is associated with soils containing <20% clay or >45% sand. In a small number of cases, the resulting transmission risk is not influenced by soil texture alone. For example, for Phenmedipham, the transmission risk is higher for clay soils than for silt loam. The data generated in this paper may also be used in the identification of critical area sources, which have a high likelihood of pesticide transmission to waterways. Furthermore, they have the potential to be applied to GIS mapping, where the potential transmission risk values of the pesticides can be layered directly onto various soil textures.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    A framework for integrating the terrestrial carbon stock of estates in institutional carbon management plans

    Jiaqian WangDavid WernerDavid A. C. Manning
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Many institutions have substantial landholdings, but few consider soil carbon preservation and augmentation in their carbon management plans. A methodical framework was developed to analyse terrestrial carbon stocks (soil and tree biomass) for credible carbon offsetting strategies in institutional land. This approach was demonstrated at two farms (805?hectares) managed by Newcastle University. Soil carbon for three depths (0–30?cm, 30–60?cm and 60–90?cm) and above‐ground tree biomass were quantified. These data provided a terrestrial carbon baseline to evaluate future land management options and effects. Historical land‐use records enabled the following comparisons: (1) agricultural land vs. woodland; (2) arable land vs. permanent grassland; (3) organic vs. conventional farming; (4) coniferous vs. broadleaved woodland; and (5) recent vs. long‐established woodland. Carbon storage (kg/m2) varied with land usage and woodland type and age, but only agricultural land vs. woodland, and for agriculture, arable land vs. permanent grassland, significantly affected the 0–90?cm soil carbon. At the university‐managed farms, current terrestrial carbon stocks were 103,620 tonnes in total (98,050 tonnes from the 0–90?cm soil and 5,569 tonnes from tree biomass). These terrestrial carbon stocks were equivalent to sixteen years of the current carbon emissions of Newcastle University (6,406 tonnes CO2?equivalents‐C per year). Using strategies for alternative land management, Newcastle University could over 40 years offset up to 3,221 tonnes of carbon per year, or 50% of its carbon emissions at the current rate. The methodological framework developed in this study will enable institutions having large landholdings to rationally consider their estates in future soil carbon management schemes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Grassland soil organic carbon and the effects of irrigated cropping in Alberta, Canada

    Scott X. ChangEdward W. BorkZhi‐Ping WangXiao‐Peng Li...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract High heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in grasslands causes uncertainty in estimating its content and storage. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of SOC content and storage in the prairies of southern Alberta, Canada, and how it is affected by land use such as irrigated cropping and other environmental conditions such as cattle grazing, slope landscape position and dominant plant species. The mean SOC content was determined to be 11.5?g kg–1 (range: 8.9 to 22.4?g kg–1) in the 0–10?cm layer and 6.8?g kg–1 (range: 4.0 to 13.3?g kg–1) in the 10–30?cm layer; mean SOC storage was 1.59?kg C m–2 (range: 1.23 to 2.78?kg C m–2) in the 0–10?cm layer and 2.07?kg C m–2 (range: 1.21 to 3.62?kg C m–2) in the 10–30?cm layer. The SOC content was significantly affected by slope position in both the 0–10 and 10–30?cm layers, in the following order: bottom >middle > top position. Moreover, SOC storage was higher in sites dominated by shrubs than graminoid/forb communities. Thus, SOC content and storage had distinctly clustered spatial patterns throughout the study area and were significant differences between the 0–10 and 10–30?cm soil layers. Prior land‐use change from arid grassland to irrigated cropland increased SOC content and storage in bulk soils.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Soybean expansion impacts on soil organic matter in the eastern region of the Maranh?o State (Northeastern Brazil)

    Tiago O. FerreiraMarcos Siqueira‐NetoGustavo V. PopinGregori E. Ferr?o...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Recently, the eastern region of the Maranh?o state (Northeastern Brazil) became a hotspot of land‐use change (LUC) directly from native vegetation to soybean cultivation, but due to the soil characteristics, LUC has caused substantial soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen depletion. Therefore, we quantified these impacts arising from two factors: (i) different timeframes after LUC and (ii) contrasting soil management practices. For the first study, soil samples (0–30?cm; six replicates) were taken on soybean fields year one, year eight and 15?years after LUC. It the second study, another area was sampled, of which part was managed under no‐tillage (NT) and the other using a mouldboard plough (MP). For both studies, native vegetation (NV) was sampled as the control. NV stored about 50?Mg of carbon (C) ha?1; but LUC reduced C stocks by 35% (after 8 and 15?years); moreover, labile‐C decreased between 20% and 45%, while, microbial‐C decreased between 20% and 60%, considering the interval between year one and 15?years. Regarding soil management, the MP did not cause differences on C stock (24?Mg C ha?1) in comparison to NT; however, both labile‐C and microbial‐C decreased by 15% to NT, while, decreased by 40% to MP. These results lead us to believe that, since LUC is inevitable, we suggested the adoption of the best agricultural management practices, in order to preserve/increase the SOC, reducing the impacts on GHG emissions and, thus, achieving sustainability and profitability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Conservation agriculture practice influences soil organic carbon pools in intensive rice‐based systems of the Eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plain

    Md. Ariful IslamRichard W. BellChris JohansenM. Jahiruddin...
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Studies of rice‐based systems in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) have demonstrated the beneficial effects of Conservation Agriculture on soil organic carbon (SOC) status, along with increased soil health and crop productivity. However, it remains unclear as to the time for such treatments to have a positive effect. In this study of lentil‐mung bean‐rice and wheat‐mung‐rice rotations in Bangladesh positive effects of strip planting or bed planting, along with residue return, on SOC pools were apparent after 1.5?years, compared with intensive conventional tillage and limited residue return. Conventional tillage resulted in higher CO2 emission compared with strip planting or bed planting as did high residue return. In the cereal‐dominated rotation, the strip planting system sequestered carbon at a rate of 0.24–0.53?Mg C ha?1?year?1 (at 0–0.15?m depth) while conventional tillage was associated with a carbon loss of 0.52–0.82?Mg C ha?1?year?1. In the legume‐dominated rotation, neither practice sequestered SOC. Under strip planting, a minimum annual crop residue input of 1.7?Mg C ha?1 for the cereal‐dominated system and 5.2?Mg C ha?1 for the legume‐dominated system was required to maintain SOC at equilibrium. We conclude that strip planting with high levels of crop residue return can be an effective and quick strategy in either slowing the loss of SOC or improving C sequestration in the intensive rice‐based systems of the Eastern IGP.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Silvopastoral systems improve carbon stocks at livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico

    Deb Raj AryalFabiola G. Valenzuela QueGilberto Villanueva‐LópezAlejandro Alcudia‐Aguilar...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Silvopastoral systems have great potential for storing carbon because of carbon assimilation in tree woody biomass, carbon input through litterfall and below‐ground carbon turnover. In this study, we quantified and compared the carbon stocks at livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico, containing either scattered trees in grazing pastures (STP) or grass monocultures. Sampling plots were randomly established at each ranch where the above‐ and below‐ground carbon stocks, carbon input from litterfall, grass production and arboreal biomass growth were measured. We found that silvopastoral systems stored an average of 257.45?Mg?ha?1 of soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to 119.17?Mg?SOC?ha?1 at grass monoculture ranches (to 30?cm depth); silvopastoral systems also stored 44.64?Mg?C?ha?1 in wood biomass; and, grass monocultures had greater cumulative grass biomass production. Overall, it is concluded that livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico, with scattered trees in grazing pastures stored 58.8% more carbon than those grass monocultures, with carbon stocks of 327.01?Mg?C?ha?1and 134.47?Mg?C?ha?1, respectively. The results are useful for land management decision making for sustainable livestock systems framed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Grassland rehabilitation significantly increases soil carbon stocks by reducing net soil CO2 emissions

    Khatab AbdallaMacdex MutemaPauline ChivengeColin Everson...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Restoration of degraded grasslands through improved management is among the possible sustainable solutions to compensate for anthropogenic soil carbon (C) emissions. While several studies have shown a positive effect of rehabilitation on soil C, the impact on soil CO2 emissions is still uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed at quantifying the impact of grassland rehabilitation on soil CO2 emissions in a degraded grassland, South Africa. Commonly used rehabilitation practices were considered, that is rotational grazing (RG), livestock exclosure with fertilizer application (EF) and annual burning (AB), all being compared with traditional free grazing (FG). A total of 2880 in situ measurements of CO2 emissions were performed over 2.5?years under field conditions simultaneously with aboveground biomass, soil temperature, water content and soil organic C (SOC) to understand the changes in C fluxes. The RG performed the best under degraded grasslands by decreasing net CO2 emissions (per g of C) by 17% compared to FG, while EF increased emissions by 76% and AB had similar emissions to FG. The lower net emission under RG is associated with an increase in SOC stocks by 50% and aboveground biomass by 93%, after three years of implementation. Soil CO2 emissions were correlated positively to aboveground biomass and topsoil temperature (r?=?0.91 and 0.60, respectively), implying a high effect of grass cover on soil microclimate and microbial activity. These results suggested RG as a potential cost‐effective nature‐based soil management strategy to increase SOC stocks into degraded grassland. However, long‐term trials replicated in different environments are still required.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Wiley