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South African Journal of Botany
Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for Education, Science and Technology
South African Journal of Botany

Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for Education, Science and Technology

0254-6299

South African Journal of Botany/Journal South African Journal of BotanySCIISTP
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    Combine influence of low temperature and drought on different varieties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

    Xu Q.Q.Sami A.Zhang H.Jin X.Z....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsIn recent years, due to the change of farming system, delayed the sowing time of rapeseed, and low temperature and drought would affect the sowing quality, seedling growth, and rapeseed yield.Thirty-one rapeseed materials were screened for low-temperature drought resistance; Zayou15 (ZY15) was selected as low temperature and drought resistance, Huiyou48 (HY48) was established as moderate low temperature and drought resistance, and Huiyou49 (HY49) was identified as low temperature and drought-sensitive.Low temperature and drought stress significantly decreased the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), seed vigor index (SVI) of rapeseed during the germination period and increased the average germination time. Drought intensified the influence of low temperature on germination traits. ZY15 exposed 74-98% germination in 4-5.5 days under 10, 15, and 20°C at all water potentials. HY48 revealed 44-98% germination in 4.5-7 days under 10, 15, and 20°C at all water potentials. Likewise, HY49 disclosed 41-97% germination in 5-8 days under 10, 15, and 20°C at all water potentials. The relative water content of leaves decreased considerably due to drought and low temperature. These also considerably affected the chlorophyll content(Chl). Low-temperature and drought resulted in significant increase of intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration(Ci), significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), and a decrease in Fv/Fm. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) increased in rapeseed seedlings by low temperature and drought. The contents of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in rape leaves were increased under low temperature and drought, while the content of cytokinin (CTK) was decreased. The average performance of ZY15 was better than HY48 and HY49, while HY48 performance was better than HY49 under combine stresses. This study found that antioxidant enzymes and hormones are beneficial for plants to cope with adverse conditions. The current study confirmed that in rapeseed seedlings, the combined effect of low temperature and drought stress negatively impacts seedling growth and development, but this impact varies with varieties and surrounding conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of biotic elicitors on the physiology, redox system, and secondary metabolite composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) cultivated in vitro

    Souza Silva P.T.D.Ulisses C.Souza L.M.D.Morais M.B.D....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABLippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. ex P. Wilson is found in the Brazilian northeastern semiarid region, and its leaves are rich in essential oils that are relevant in the pharmaceutic and cosmetic industries for their proven antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the influence of elicitors on the in vitro development and production of secondary compounds in Lippia alba. Cuttings from this species were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog (1962) semi-solid medium supplemented with methyl jasmonate (100, 200, and 300 μM L?1), chitosan, and yeast extract (200, 400, and 600 mg L?1) for 5 and 10 days. Elicitation for 10 days was shown to affect the growth and development of the plants, and the addition of 400 or 600 mg L?1 of chitosan and 400 mg L?1 of yeast extract for 5 days to the medium promoted an increase in plant height and leaf biomass. Furthermore, elicitation promoted the synthesis of 5-methylene-2-norbornene, ethyl pent-4-enoate, p-cymene and limonene in the essential oil of plants. Therefore, for in vitro elicitation of L. alba, we indicate the application of 400 or 600 mg L?1 of chitosan to the culture medium for 5 days.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Achillea arabica populations

    Cirak C.Radusiene J.Raudone L.Vilkickyte G....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABIn this study, we aimed to present the screening of the contents of phenolics including caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and some their derivatives as well as santin and total antioxidant activity for a total of 53 populations of Achillea arabica Kotschy from different parts of Turkey. The flowering plant material was evaluated for phenolic compound contents by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-PDA) fingerprint analysis. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity varied remarkably across populations and a significant correlation was found between particular phenolics content and antioxidant activity, suggesting that phenolic metabolites can be regarded as main contributors to the observed antioxidant capacity. The data are valuable in selecting of germplasms, whose plant material may be important in the development of new bioproducts and present A. arabica as a convenient and readily accessible source of natural antioxidants that can be incorporated in food and pharmaceutical applications.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Correlation and influence of antioxidant compounds of peels and pulps of different species of cacti from Brazilian Caatinga biome using principal component analysis

    Vieira E.D.A.Santos B.S.D.Silva Junior J.C.D.Alcantara M.A....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABThis study investigated the influence of the plant part (peel and pulp) on the phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, and principal component analysis (PCA) of five cactus fruits from the Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome. All species evaluated presented a high total phenolic content (TPC), mainly in their peels. The antioxidant potentials were measured using in vitro assays (2–2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH·), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene-linoleic acid assay). The results showed significant differences among the species and among the fruit parts. Pilosocereus gounellei species peel showed the best antioxidant activity both for DPPH and FRAP. However, moderate inhibiting action was found for β-carotene-linoleic acid assay. The species were characterized by the predominance of benzoic acid derivatives bearing a phenol group (salicylic, hydroxybenzoic, and protocatechuic acids), as well as flavonoids (catechin, myricetin and quercetin). Using PCA, it was possible to group the extracts of the cactus peels and pulps to evaluate the relationships between the samples. In most of the cases, the peel represented the main source of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the peel of the cacti can be an important by-product for the extraction of antioxidants for industrial purposes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Antidiabetic, neuroprotective and antioxidant potentials of different parts of Pistacia terebinthus fruits

    Akyuz M.Yabo-Dambagi L.Cakir A.Kilic T....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABThe antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of hexane, acetone and ethanol extracts of different parts (shells, nuts and whole fruits) of Pistacia terebinthus (terebinth) were determined against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholineesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholineesterase (BChE). All extracts exhibited strong inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with the IC50 values (0.19-2.13 mg/mL) and their inhibition effects were stronger than the acarbose (IC50=10.30 mg/mL). However, all applications of the terebinth fruits acted as much weaker inhibitors against α-amylase with IC50=23.49-243.99 mg/mL in comparision to the acarbose (IC50=0.07 mg/mL). Hexane extracts rich in the vegetable oils exhibited very weak or no inhibition effect against α-amylase however, they were more effective against α-glucosidase. The acetone extract of the fruits shell was found to be most effective against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50=0.19 mg/mL and IC50=23.49 mg/mL, respectively. A major compound was isolated from the acetone extract by silica gel column chromatography and its structure was elucidated as luteolin with 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1D and 2D NMR. Luteolin showed stronger antidiabetic properties than the extracts with lower IC50 values (0.17 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and 9.49 mg/mL for α-amylase). In addition, terebinth extracts and luteolin were found to be very weak neuroprotective agents in comparison to neostigmine and galantamine. The acetone and ethanol extracts, and luteolin exhibited very strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Our results concluded that there is a powerful relationship between luteolin content and biological activities of the terebinth fruits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physiological seed dormancy of Ruschia imbricata and Ruschia uitenhagensis (Aizoaceae) is broken by dry heat and unaffected by seasonality

    Visscher A.M.Boatfield M.Yeo M.Pritchard H.W....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABMature seeds of Ruschia imbricata and Ruschia uitenhagensis (Aizoaceae) were collected from several populations in South Africa during two different months and seasons: February and June/July. Seeds were heat-treated at 103 °C for 17 h to assess whether dry heat breaks seed dormancy and whether seasonal collection time affects dormancy depth and/or the extent to which dormancy can be broken by heat. All collections had significantly higher germination rates after heat treatment compared to control conditions. However, timing of post-flowering seed collection did not affect initial dormancy depth or dormancy-breaking rates by dry heat in R. imbricata. Instead, our results indicate that the bet-hedging strategy that characterizes R. imbricata includes primary dormancy that can differ in depth between populations. Water uptake and scarification tests showed that the species have permeable seed coats and therefore physiological dormancy, which is partially imposed by the coat for Ruschia uitenhagensis and completely coat-imposed for R. imbricata. Heat treatment was found to enhance R. imbricata seed coat permeability to water and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis showed that this was not due to obvious damage to the exterior coat. In addition, permeability to high molecular weight compounds did not increase for R. imbricata seeds following dry heat treatment. Thus, dry heat exposure does not break dormancy through facilitating the leaching of germination-inhibiting molecules and may potentially involve enhanced permeability to oxygen.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Validation of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of Plumbago auriculata Lam

    Sherif A.E.Amen Y.Shimizu K.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABThis study targets scientific validation of the claimed anti-inflammatory activity of Plumbago auriculata Lam. The total methanolic extract of the aerial parts of P. auriculata Lam. and its different fractions were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats followed by bio-guided isolation of the anti-inflammatory principles from the active fractions. As a result, sixteen compounds were isolated and identified based on different spectroscopic techniques. Two of them exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities proved through inhibition of the paw swelling by 81.4 ± 0.2 and 85.2 ± 3.6% at a dose of 10 mg/kg, while the others exhibited varying activities. Throughout the study, some compounds are reported for the first time, of them, a unique polyoxygenated chromone-C-glucoside; biflorin together with a well-known coumarin; umbelliferone, are of a great importance for their chemotaxonomic significance of the studied species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Morphological and botanical profile of Lachenalia cultivars

    Kapczynska A.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABConstant selection of common ornamental geophytes increases activity in the field of traditional crop improvement by breeding and commercialisation of new cultivars. In this paper, the morphological and botanical attributes (inflorescence stem height, inflorescence length, stem diameter, flower number, pedicel length and distance, fullness ratio, inflorescence type, leaf characteristics, perianth shape and colour and filament orientation as well as tepal, filament, anther and ovary dimensions) as well as growth and flowering patterns (number of days from potting date to the beginning of flowering) of seven Lachenalia cultivars (‘Aqua Lady’, ‘Josephine’, ‘Radient’, ‘Rainbow Bells’, ‘Riana’, ‘Romaud’ and ‘Ronina’) possessing high ornamental value were described in detail. The obtained results indicate differences of the studied cultivars both in terms of the dimensions of individual plant elements, as well as in the colours of flowers and flowering time. More compact cultivars, as ‘Josephine’, ‘Radient’, ‘Riana’ and ‘Romaud’ are recommended for potted cultivation. ‘Rainbow Bells’, ‘Aqua Lady’ and ‘Ronina’ should rather be considered as cut flowers. Principal components analysis identified four principal components that accounted for 83.4% of the total variability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fig (Ficus carica L.) vulnerability to climate change: Combined effects of water stress and high temperature on ecophysiological behaviour of different cultivars

    Ammar A.Mars M.Aissa I.B.Gouiaa M....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABClimate change scenarios predict that drought and high temperatures will become the main stress factors affecting fruit tree's production. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate ecophysiological behaviour of young fig plants of cultivars Zidi and Bither Abiadh under two water regimes (‘T50’ and ‘T100’, supply of respectively 50% and 100% of water requirement) in different growing conditions (open-air, tunnel covered with insect proof and polyethylene greenhouse). During the first cycle of measurements, it has been concluded that the decrease of stomatal conductance was the primary response to water stress, which controlled transpiration and photosynthesis rates and regulated leaf temperature. Fig cultivars reduced leaf stomatal conductance after 7 days of changing environments and reducing irrigation to 50% of required water supply. Measurements carried out after 15 days showed a decrease of photosynthetic parameters even for fig plants irrigated with 100% of their water requirement, due to the effect of high temperatures associated with low air humidity in the different growing conditions. During the second cycle, measurements carried out on persistent leaves showed that fig cultivars were adapted to prolonged water stress. Overall, Zidi and Bither Abiadh responded almost similarly to water stress and exhibited the same ecophysiological behaviour in each growing condition during the first and the second cycle of measurements. Despite leaf abscission, fig plants revealed drought stress memorizing by showing a rapid growth recovery once the stress was relieved.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Predicting fruit production of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. according to phytogeographic zones in Burkina Faso: Implications for promoting the uses potentials and the sustainable management of the species

    Kabre B.Lankoande B.Zon A.O.Ouedraogo A....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABFruit of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. are widely harvested by rural communities for food and income across West Africa sahelian areas. The species is listed among the high value food providing plants in Burkina Faso. However, the lack of reliable assessment of its fruit production is one of the main constraints limiting its valorization and sustainable management. This study aims to analyze factors affecting fruit production of Z. mauritiana and to develop allometric models for estimating this production. Total harvest method was used to quantify fruit from 130 individuals distributed into five diameter size classes across two phytogeographic zones of Burkina Faso, the sub-Sahel and the north-Sudanian. Models were fitted with 80% of sampled individuals randomly selected and 20% were used for model validation. The results showed that fruit production varied significantly according to phytogeographic zone and diameter size class. Mean dry mass of fruit per individual was significantly higher (p = 0.0135) in the north-Sudanian zone (1.82 kg per individual; CV = 164.4%) compared to the sub-Sahel zone (1.65 kg per individual; CV = 184.7%). Diameter at breast height and total height of individuals were the best predictors of fruit production in the sub-Sahel zone. For the north-Sudanian zone, Diameter at breast height, total height and crown diameter of individuals were the best predictors. These results provide evidence that allometric models could be used to successfully estimate the amount of fruit production in Z. mauritiana. This is interesting for perspectives of exploitation planning and sustainable management of the species resources.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier