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South African Journal of Botany
Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for Education, Science and Technology
South African Journal of Botany

Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for Education, Science and Technology

0254-6299

South African Journal of Botany/Journal South African Journal of BotanySCIISTP
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    Chemical profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and in silico modeling of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Artemisia herba alba Asso. essential oils from Algeria

    Amina B.Soumeya B.Sakina B.Salim B....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In the current study, the chemical composition, antioxidant, α-glucosidase, α-amylase and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of wormwood and rosemary essential oils were investigated. In order to explain the interaction of chemical constituents with the enzymes, molecular docking tools were used. GC/MS analyses revealed that the main compounds of rosemary oil were eucalyptol (37.97%), followed by camphor (11.84%). Whereas β-copaene (16.22%), limonene (14.56%), eucalyptol (14.49%) and camphor (13.74%) represent the main compounds of wormwood oil. Moreover, antioxidant abilities assessed by DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching inhibitory and ion chelating test showed that rosemary oil was more efficient than wormwood. Furthermore, rosemary oil exhibited even better results against cholinesterase inhibitory. However, wormwood oil was more effective for antidiabetic inhibitory enzymes. The theoretical verification by molecular modeling revealed that linalool, terpinen-4-ol, eugenol methyl ether and τ-cadinol have the best binding affinity with studied enzymes. In conclusion, docking verification has shown a good affinity of some chemical compounds from rosemary more than wormwood with studied enzymes explaining the assessed biological activities. Rosemary and wormwood exhibited interesting biological activities that explain the traditional uses of these plants that could be further explored for food and pharmaceutical industries.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Guide to the genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae) in South Africa – Disentangling a taxonomic Gordian knot with the help of ploidy and reproductive data

    Sochor M.Hrones M.Manning J.C.
    57页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABRubus is notorious for its taxonomic complexity. Although some light has been recently shed on the taxonomy of the species from the Greater Cape Floristic Region in South Africa, many questions remain unanswered. This contribution is based on extensive field and herbarium studies across South Africa and aims at clarifying Rubus taxonomy in the region with the help of DNA-ploidy estimation and assessment of reproductive mode. We distinguish a total of 18 taxa from the region, of which six are native. Furthermore, the two native species R. pinnatus and R. ludwigii exhibit geographic variation that can be treated at the level of subspecies, and the new combination R. pinnatus subsp. pappei is provided. We do not recognise any infraspecific taxa in the widely distributed sexual hexaploid R. rigidus. All of the taxa are described and are photographically documented. Several other taxa were found only as solitary inadequate specimens and need further study. Moreover, 12 primary hybrids were identified, of which seven were derived from hybridization between native and alien species. Contrary to previous reports, each of the species exhibited a single ploidy level, and hybrids were, with one or two exceptions, intermediate between the parents in their ploidy. Whereas native taxa are strictly sexual, most polyploid aliens reproduce by facultative apomixis and hybrids are mostly sterile or sexual. However, apomixis was detected in R. sect. Arguti × R. pinnatus and R. bergii × R. thaumasius.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Colour similarity to flowering neighbours promotes pollinator visits, pollen receipt and maternal fitness

    de Jager M.L.Ellis A.G.Anderson B.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABWhile co-flowering plants often compete for pollination through pollinator visits and pollen transfer, recent studies reveal potential for the facilitation of pollination. Pollination may be promoted when similarities in the floral traits of co-flowering species enhance pollinator visitation and seed set. Floral similarity, however, could also lead to heterospecific pollen transfer, creating a fitness trade-off that is seldom explored empirically. Here we construct experimental communities of Oxalis to investigate the trade-off between enhanced visitation and heterospecific pollen receipt, which can impact seed set at varying relative plant abundance. Our experimental communities comprise O. purpurea that is matched or mismatched to congeners in flower colour at low and high relative plant abundance. We investigate the consequences of colour overlap for pollinator visitation and the receipt of conspecific, heterospecific, and mixed pollen loads, and assess seed set in natural plots. Flower colour similarity increases visitation by shared pollinators at both low and high relative abundance when O. purpurea occurs in matched flower colour communities. The receipt of pollen analogues from conspecifics is also greater at both abundances when neighbours are matched in floral colour. Although conspecific pollen in matched communities is mostly delivered in mixed pollen loads, hand pollinations confirm the receipt of mixed pollen carries no fitness costs for seed production. Consequently, plants in natural populations plots of O. purpurea experiences increase maternal fitness when growing in matching flower colour communities. We demonstrate a positive net effect of flower colour similarity, relative to flower colour dissimilarity, that can facilitate plant reproduction. Through field experiments we systematically test previously observed patterns of clustered flower colour assembly in Oxalis communities to provide a comprehensive assessment of facilitative co-flowering interactions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Flavonoids of Zinnia elegans: Chemical profile and, in vitro antioxidant and in silico anti-COVID-19 activities

    Samy M.N.Gomaa A.A.-R.Attia E.Z.Kamel M.S....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABChemical profiles of total alcohol extract and various derived fractions of aerial parts of Zinnia elegans were studied. Accordingly, eight flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate derived fraction based on the antioxidant assay-guided purification, using DPPH and phosphomolybdate complex assays. Eventually, the binding affinities and features of the eight isolated flavonoids were investigated using the molecular docking technique towards SARS-CoV-2 and human targets –namely main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), receptor-binding domain (RBD), helicase (NSP13), human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and human neuropilin-1 (NRP1). Docking calculations unveiled the surpass binding affinity of glabrisoflavone with Mpro, PLpro, RdRp, RBD, NSP13, ACE2, and NRP1, with docking scores of ?9.2, ?7.4, ?6.9, ?6.9, ?8.5, ?9.0, and ?7.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Binding mode analysis manifested the capability of glabrisoflavone to form several hydrogen bonds with the key amino acid residues inside the active sites of the targets. Besides, 25 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding energy calculations were executed to inspect the binding affinity of glabrisoflavone and compared to an anti-HIV-1 protease inhibitor (darunavir). MM-GBSA calculations demonstrated greater glabrisoflavone affinity for the PLpro, RdRp, RBD and NRP1 over darunavir. Nevertheless, MM-GBSA calculations displayed equal or lower glabrisoflavone affinity against Mpro, NSP13 and ACE2 compared to darunavir. The current study obviously emphasizes the fitness of the glabrisoflavone as an auspicious clinical drug candidate for further development and future in vivo and in vitro evaluations towards viral targets and human targets.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Relative bioefficacy of seventeen Poaceae extracts targeting oxidative stress-related diseases coupled with elemental profiling using ICP-MS

    Fatima I.Zahra S.A.Shahbaz A.Naseer S....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABFree radicals produced in vivo increases ‘oxidative stress’ and leads to lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and other disorders such as hemolysis. Present study aimed at evaluating the biological potentials of seventeen Poaceae species in order to scientifically confirm their traditional uses and to identify elements involved in regulating reactive oxygen species. Extracts of seventeen grass species were prepared to determine antioxidant activity using ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid assays. Sorghum halepense, Eleusine indica, Ochthocloa compressa, Saccharum spontaneum, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Cymbopogon citratus showed highest antioxidant potential. Antihemolytic potential was assessed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced hemolysis in human erythrocytes and was found to be highest in C. citratus (96%) followed by S. spontaneum (95%), O. compressa (66%) and D. annulatum (60%). DNA damage activity was performed using p1391Z plasmid DNA. In the end, samples were digested using nitric acid and the concentration of twenty elements was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Principal component analysis (PCA) of essential elements showed 70% variability and non-essential elements displayed 52% in total variance. Hence, the selected botanicals can be used commercially in the treatment of oxidative-stress related diseases as the concentration of different elements validate their safety and efficacy for human body.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A simple validated HPTLC method for the analysis of flavonoids and molecular docking studies of novel tri-terpenoid glycoside isolated from Carya illinoinensis bark with potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities

    Hussain M.S.Azam F.Mezogi J.Enwij F.A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABCarya illinoinensis (Family Juglandaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-rheumatic, anti-diabetic, and diuretic activities. Column chromatography was used to separate phytoconstituents from an ethanolic extract of powered bark. The terpenoid glycosidic compound, CI-01, was isolated as light-yellow crystalline powder in 0.33% (w/w) yield having melting point 94–96 °C, RF value 0.57 (in MeOH:CHCl3;20:80), UV absorption maxima 242 nm in methanol and molecular ion [M + H]+ peak at 420.4 m/z. Based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography and spectral data, the isolated compound CI-01, was identified as Farnesoic acid -L-glucoside. The ethanolic extract of Carya illinoinensis (CIE) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and isolated compound CI-01 at 10 mg/kg dose were used for studying anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. After 5 h of treatment with CI-01, the mean increase in paw volume was 0.459 ± 0.054 ml, which is corresponding to the standard drug indomethacin's 0.443 ± 0.041 ml. However, CIE groups receiving 100 and 200 mg/kg exhibited 0.518 ± 0.068 and 0.486 ± 0.048 ml, respectively. Compared to the control group of mice, animals treated with CIE and CI-01 dramatically reduced the number of writhes caused by acetic acid. AutoDock Vina program was used for molecular docking of the compound CI-01 with various targets, including COX-1, COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and opioid receptors exhibiting mean binding energies of -5.36, -7.37, -7.24, -4.27, and -7.04 kcal/mol, respectively. In conclusion, CI-01, isolated from Carya illinoinensis extract, demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities at a dose of 10 mg/kg and displayed promising interaction with COX-2 in molecular docking study.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Intercropping improves yield and phytochemical attributes in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants under nitrogen application

    Ahmadabad Z.R.Meftahizadeh H.Shirmardi M.Ardakani M.D....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABIntercropping refers to the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field to maximize resources utilization and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, phytochemical attributes, and competition indices of the intercropping system of guar(G)-roselle(R) compared to the monoculture system. This research was performed as a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD), keeping the ratio of guar and roselle in 1:1 (GR), 2:1 (GGR), 1:2 (GRR), 3:2 (GGGRR), 1:3 (GRRR) respectively, along with a sole plot of both crops as the main plot and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 70,100 kg urea ha?1) considered as the sub-main plot. The results demonstrated that interaction of GRR followed by 40 kg urea ha?1 obtained maximum biomass (3605 kg ha?1) in roselle, while GR with application of 70 kg urea ha?1 and GRRR in 40 kg urea ha?1 devoted the highest biomass in guar (16,104 and 14,781 kg ha?1). Furthermore, regarding sepal yield, GRRR followed by 40 kg urea ha?1 caused the greatest (1196 kg ha?1). Mean comparison interaction impact results illustrated that sole crop of guar without nitrogen application had the highest guar seed yield (4890 kg ha?1). The greatest gum percentage was obtained in 100 kg urea ha?1 followed by GGGRR (43.49%). Mean comparison interaction results for total chlorophyll in roselle demonstrated that GR in 70 kg urea ha?1 was the most (36.4 mg/g FW). In addition, the highest phenol levels were related to sole crop roselle followed by 70 kg urea ha?1. The highest value of LER in roselle and guar was demonstrated in GRR followed by 100 kg urea ha?1 and GGGRR without nitrogen application (1.52 and 0.86, respectively). Overall, this study strengthens the idea that relay intercropping guar with roselle can improve the yield and quality attribute of both crops, so this system could be considered as a sustainable practice for field management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phytochemical, pharmacological, and In-silico molecular docking studies of Strobilanthes glutinosus Nees: An unexplored source of bioactive compounds

    Anwar S.Alamri A.S.Aziz M.Ahmad S....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 SAABStrobilanthes glutinosus (family: Acanthaceae) is one of the important medicinal plants and the current research work was carried out to assess the phytochemical, biological, and in-silico evaluations of different solvent extracts of S. glutinosus. The phytochemical composition was assessed by determining qualitative phytochemical testing, total bioactive contents, and GC-MS analysis. For biological evaluation, antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP), antibacterial, and enzyme inhibition (urease) potential were determined. The methanol extract was found to contain the highest total phenolic (247.85 mg GAE/g extract), and flavonoid content (71.91 mg QAE/g extract), which can be correlated to the observed higher antioxidant potential of this extract. On the contrary, the n-hexane extract presented maximum anti-urease activity with IC50 value of 0.244 mg/ml, whereas, in the case of antibacterial assays, a dose-dependent activity was observed. Similarly, the GC-MS investigation of methanol extract and n-hexane fraction revealed the tentative identification of several important classes of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, the main compounds as identified by GC-MS were further studied for in-silico molecular docking studies in order to highlight any interactions between the compounds identified and the urease enzyme. Overall, the present investigation highlighted the studied plant extracts to be considered further for the isolation of bioactive compounds for the pharmaceutical and food industry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of new phytosteroids from the leaves of Anonidium mannii (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels (Annonaceae)

    Kamdem M.H.K.Tonga J.L.Ndinteh D.T.Jiyane P....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABPhytochemical studies of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the leaves of Anonidium mannii (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels led to the isolation of two new phytosteroids named anonimadiol A (AM1C) and B (AM2C) together with the known stigmasterol (AM3C). The structures of compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods covering NMR analysis (1H and 13C NMR, DEPT135, 1H–1H–COSY, HSQC and HMBC), FTIR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and by comparison with data previously reported in the literature. Biological activities of the crude extract and the metabolites (AM1C, AM2C and AM3C) were evaluated, namely: cytotoxicity on adenocarcinoma of the cervix (Henrietta Lacks, HeLa) cells; antimalarial test using parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) from Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) strain; antibacterial test on Escherichia coli (8739), Salmonella typhi (1403), Staphylococcus aureus (25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (6230434); antifungal test using Candida albicans (10231) and anti-mycobacterial test using Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H3DTB). AM1C and AM2C at 20 μg/mL showed considerable cytotoxicity potential with percentage viability of 20.2 and 30.4, respectively, against HeLa cells. Furthermore, the crude extract and AM1C had 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50s) of 50 and 11.21 μg/mL, respectively, against Plasmodium falciparum. Regarding the antituberculosis effects, a notable 90% minimum inhibition concentration (MIC90) value of 39.4 μg/mL was obtained with AM1C. Moreover, AM1C and AM2C had notable activity against Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans delivering MICs of 60 and 250 μg/mL respectively compared to the positive control ciprofloxacin with MICs values of 39 and 1250 μg/mL. However, the crude extract and the three metabolites showed no activity against HIV protease and HIV integrase. These results suggest the possible potential effect of these isolates from Annonidium mannii against cancer of the cervix and many microbial infections.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    LC-MS/MS phenolic composition of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) extracts and an evaluation of their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities

    Geduk A.S.Atsiz S.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 SAABPeaches contain high amounts of polyphenol compounds. The consumption of peaches gives protection against various conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and bacterial diseases, and inflammation. The present study aimed to examine the phytochemical compounds and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-α-glucosidase, and anti-α-amylase activities of the different extracts (methanol, ethanol, and hexane) of fresh red peach collected from the Mersin province in Turkey. In this study, chemical compositions of methanol and ethanol extracts prepared from peach pulp were studied by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Thirteen metabolites: quinic acid, fumaric acid, aconitic acid, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, hesperidin, astragalin, nicotiflorin, quercetin, and amentoflavone, were identified in ethanol extracts and also these phenolic compounds, excluding salicylic acid, were identified in the methanol extract. The ethanol extract showed the most activity in all enzyme inhibition and in antibacterial and antioxidative activity assays, which is mainly due to its rich phenolic content. The most dominant compounds determined in ethanol extract were quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, fumaric acid, and isoquercitrin respectively. According to the results of this study, ethanol extract in particular is a potential ingredient to be used in food-derived antidiabetic and antibacterial formulations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier