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Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Urban & Fischer Verlag
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Urban & Fischer Verlag

1618-8667

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening/Journal Urban Forestry & Urban GreeningSCIISSHP
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    Identifying causal changes in landscape greenness with very high-resolution airborne multispectral imagery and a panel data model

    Lassiter A.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier GmbHTo effectively manage urban environmental systems, interventions on private lands may sometimes be necessary. This is illustrated in many water districts where water agencies run programs that provide incentives to landholders to change their landscaping to meet the water agency's management goals. It is difficult to monitor, track, and evaluate landscape change programs on private land, however. To most efficiently do so, very high-resolution, time-series measurements of urban landcover would be useful, but such data is often unavailable. This study evaluates how private urban landscape change is represented in the highest resolution, publicly available, multispectral data product distributed in the United States. The study focuses on residential parcels that participated in a lawn replacement rebate program run by the East Bay Municipal Utility District, a water agency in California. Each parcel has a known quantity of turfgrass converted to drought-tolerant landscaping. The study asks if Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) data can be used to detect participation in a lawn replacement program at the parcel-level. While the NAIP data product has substantial error in a time-series and urban context, this study finds that approaching change detection using a fixed effect panel data model accommodates error, making it possible to identify NDVI change. With control groups defined by matching and weighing with Covariate Balancing Propensity Scores, results indicate that observed browning at the parcel-level can be causally attributed to participating in the lawn replacement program. This ability to detect small, causal changes in a heterogenous environment opens possibilities for monitoring and evaluating programs acting on private urban landscapes, contributing to more effective and efficient design, pricing and implementation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Benches, fountains and trees: Using mixed-methods with questionnaire and smartphone data to design urban green spaces

    Rout A.Galpern P.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Smartphones can help researchers track how people use green spaces and understand how design features impact their behaviors. However, when using this data to evaluate green space designs, researchers should be aware of human perceptions of the features within these environments. We contribute a mixed method approach that allows for comparison between how people report using green space features intended to support wellbeing, with how often they are used in common daily routines. As an illustration of this approach, we present the results of a case study conducted on a university campus that compares how outdoor design features are used by students with how these features are reported as being used. Specifically, we compare perceptions of 362 students about which campus design features create a sense of wellbeing, and which are near locations they report using, with the use of these features recorded by the smartphones of a separate group of 62 students. We found that there were large differences between locations students reported using, and locations tracked students used regularly. Features that were used more often during daily routines (low walls, food retail outlets), did not match features reported as helping create a sense of wellbeing in the questionnaire (benches, trees, and sunshine). Of all the design features we modeled, only water features were positively associated with use in the tracking data and supportive of wellbeing in the questionnaire data. Our findings point to the importance of using tracking data together with response data from questionnaires in mixed-method studies if designers want to locate features that the public consider as supportive to their wellbeing, in locations that will be regularly used.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Scaling up nature-based solutions for climate-change adaptation: Potential and benefits in three European cities

    Cortinovis C.Olsson P.Boke-Olen N.Hedlund K....
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The Author(s)Many exemplary projects have demonstrated that Nature-based Solutions (NBS) can contribute to climate change adaptation, but now the challenge is to scale up their use. Setting realistic policy goals requires knowing the amount of different NBS types that can fit in the urban space and the benefits that can be expected. This research aims to assess the potential for a full-scale implementation of NBS for climate-change adaptation in European cities, the expected benefits and co-benefits, and how these quantities relate to the urban structure of the cities. We selected three case studies: Barcelona (Spain), Malm? (Sweden), and Utrecht (the Netherlands), and developed six scenarios that simulate the current condition, the full-scale implementation of different NBS strategies (i.e., installing green roofs, de-sealing parking areas, enhancing vegetation in urban parks, and planting street trees), and a combination of them. Then we applied spatially-explicit methods to assess, for each scenario, two climate change-related benefits, i.e. heat mitigation and stormwater regulation, and three co-benefits, namely carbon storage, biodiversity potential, and overall greenness. Finally, by breaking down the results per land use class, we investigated how the potential and benefits vary depending on the urban form. Most scenarios provide multiple benefits, but each one is characterized by a specific mix. In all cities, a full-scale deployment of green roofs shows the greatest potential to reduce runoff and increase biodiversity, while tree planting -either along streets or in urban parks– produces the greatest impact on heat mitigation and greenness. However, these results entail interventions of different size and in different locations. Planting street trees maximizes interventions in residential areas, but key opportunities for integrating most NBS types also lie in commercial and industrial areas. The results on the pros and cons of each scenario can support policy-makers in designing targeted NBS strategies for climate change adaptation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Variations in leaf litter decomposition explain invasion success of Broussonetia papyrifera over confamilial non-invasive Morus alba in urban habitats

    Kaur A.Sharma A.Batish D.R.Kohli R.K....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier GmbHIn urban environments, anthropogenic influences play an important role in determining the distribution of woody flora and consequently, the propagation of woody invaders. Land-use changes and disturbances associated with urbanization may intensify different invasive aspects of a species. Studying the extent by which invasive species vary from non-invasive species can strengthen our understanding of urban invasions. In this study, we compared leaf litter decomposition between two confamilial exotics, an invasive Broussonetia papyrifera, and a non-invasive Morus alba (both belonging to family Moraceae), growing in urban habitats. Senescent leaves of both the species and soil were collected from five study sites in Chandigarh, India. Litterbags filled with 10 g leaves each were placed in pots containing the soil collected from respective study sites. Mass remaining, decomposition constant, and soil elemental composition were determined after periodic harvesting of the pots. Decomposition was completed within 180 days in B. papyrifera and 330 days in M. alba. Initially, the decomposition rate was low in B. papyrifera; however, a rapid degradation occurred after 90 days. Species, time, and their interaction significantly affected most of the elements in soil, whereas the effect of habitat was not significant. The faster decomposition rate in B. papyrifera may result in greater turnover of nutrients over a shorter time span, thereby, favoring its colonization in the invaded regions. The difference in litter decomposition process explains the invasion success of B. papyrifera over its confamilial species, M. alba, in urban habitats.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Geospatial assessment of urban ecosystem disservices: An example of poisonous urban trees in Berlin, Germany

    von Dohren P.Haase D.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier GmbHUrban trees play an important role in green infrastructure planning for the ecosystem services they provide. These services include carbon sequestration, the provision of clean air through oxygen production and filtering of airborne pollutants, and the offsetting of the urban heat island effect by providing shade and cooling. In addition to the well-studied positive effects of urban trees, under specific conditions, there are some unwanted side effects that need to be considered. Such negative side effects, such as allergies caused by tree pollen, traffic hazards from falling trees or tree parts or damage from roots or branches in resource supply or waste disposal infrastructures, are termed ecosystem disservices. An ecosystem disservice that is not very often illuminated in the urban context is the presence of poisonous urban trees. This paper provides a spatially explicit view of the distribution of poisonous urban trees in the city of Berlin, relating the spatial distribution of the hazard from this urban ecosystem disservice with the conditions under which it can have the most damaging effect by considering nearby playgrounds and areas with a high population density of children under 5 years old, the most vulnerable group within the urban population.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Urban greenery as a habitat for parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

    Piekarska-Boniecka H.Rzanska-Wieczorek M.Siatkowski I.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier GmbHVegetation in green areas such as parks, gardens and allotment gardens provides suitable conditions for the development of parasitic insects, which can effectively reduce the population of plant pests feeding in this environment. The aim of the study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative structure of parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) inhabiting urban green areas and to determine the influence of anthropogenic pressure on the structures of these communities. The study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 at five sites in urban green areas in Poznań, which were exposed to low, medium or high anthropogenic pressure. In total 3096 samples were collected and 659 Pimplinae insects belonging to 51 species were caught. The largest population and the highest species diversity of the Pimplinae was noted at the Serbska (S) site, which was exposed to medium anthropogenic pressure. The smallest population and the lowest species diversity were observed at the Zoological Garden (ZG) site, which was exposed to heavy anthropogenic pressure. The research showed that the qualitative and quantitative structure of parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily depended on the degree of greenness in a particular area, its abundance in plant species, and the air pollution level. The research showed that the degree of anthropogenic pressure determined the similarity of the qualitative and quantitative structure of Pimplinae communities inhabiting urban green areas. The research showed that the species richness and the number of parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily in urban green areas were positively related with a well-developed and species-diverse plant cover with an abundance of shrub plants. Therefore, a floristically diverse urban environment may increase the species abundance of parasitoids of the Ichneumonidae family, including the Pimplinae subfamily, which may effectively regulate the number of pests feeding on plants in this environment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessment of joint soil ecosystem services supply in urban green spaces: A case study in Northern Italy

    Ungaro F.Maienza A.Ugolini F.Lanini G.M....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier GmbHThe multiple functions of urban soils secure the supply of ecosystem services to the urban population, but they are seldom taken into account in current urban planning. The purpose of this study is to highlight the multifunctionality of the soils of urban green spaces and to assess the influence of different types of urban green (i.e. parks and gardens, roadside green and agricultural fields) on the joint supply of soil-based ecosystem services. In a case study area in the city of Carpi (NE Italy), we focused on a set of soil functions underpinning ecosystem services and on possible synergies and trade-offs between them. We surveyed and sampled 19 urban green areas to assess the following soil functions: biological fertility, potential habitat for organisms, water regulation and storage, soil buffering capacity and carbon stock. Results showed differences and trends in the bundles of ecosystem services provided by the soils of urban green areas, highlighting the relevance of soil disturbance and vegetation cover density in affecting soil functions. For biological indicators, results showed a negative significant correlation to CaCO3 content, which is associated with the degree of soil disturbance, and that soils in urban areas do not always have compromised soil fauna and may provide the same level of biological quality as agricultural soils or forests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Casual evaluation of the effects of a large-scale greenway intervention on physical and mental health: A natural experimental study in China

    Xie B.Zheng Y.Lu Y.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Many cross-sectional studies have supported the health benefits of urban greenways. However, the causal relationship between urban greenway intervention and residents’ physical and mental health remains unclear. Furthermore, the potential dose-response effect by distance to a greenway intervention remains unknown. This study explored the impact of a large-scale urban greenway intervention (construction of a 102-km-long East Lake Greenway in Wuhan, China) on the health outcomes of residents by using a natural experimental research design. We collected data before and after the intervention (in 2016 and 2019, respectively) from 1,020 participants living within a 5-km street-network distance from the entrances of this greenway. The average age of the participants was approximately 50, and most of them were married. More than half of the participants were female, currently employed, and had received a college education or above. Mixed-effects difference-in-difference (DID) models were used while controlling for individual and neighbourhood covariates. The results showed that the East Lake Greenway had a positive effect on the self-reported mental health of residents who lived within 2 km, and these benefits decreased with distance. The physical health benefit was insignificant. To increase the health benefits of urban greenways, more effort should be made to improve the accessibility of greenways and the surrounding environment. We also advocate that future natural experiments should explore the distance-varying dose-response effect of green space interventions on health outcomes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparison of bird diversity between temperate floodplain forests and urban parks

    Machar I.Schlossarek M.Simek P.Pechanec V....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Biodiversity in urban green areas has been widely explored in several bird studies because birds are known to be important bio-indicators. Many studies have investigated the different responses of bird communities to urbanization and land use changes in urban environments. However, there are still important knowledge gaps related to the impacts of the heterogeneity, spatial structure, and connectivity of green areas on avian diversity. Such information is needed for sustainable urban planning. In this study, we focused on the comparison of bird communities between urban parks in the heritage city of Olomouc and hardwood floodplain forests in the vicinity of the city. The results of the study indicate the high importance of urban parks for the maintenance of bird diversity even though urban parks are man-made habitats. The results highlight the importance of some native vegetation structures in urban parks (old trees, bush ecotones) for maintaining urban bird biodiversity. Some implications of the results can be widely used as a decision support tool for the management of urban green areas and for the planning of ecological networks in urban landscapes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Corrigendum to “Species and season affect response of container-grown shade trees to pre-plant root modifications” [Urban For. Urban Greening 63 (2021) 127184] (Urban Forestry & Urban Greening (2021) 63, (S1618866721002090), (10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127184))

    Rouse R.P.Cregg B.
    1页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier GmbHThe authors regret <we incorrectly indicated the depth of soil moisture measurements was 0?45 cm. The correct depth was 0?30 cm. Average volumetric soil moisture for 2018 and 2019 was 28.2 % and 22.5 %, respectively. Weekly volumetric soil moisture readings indicated consistent values throughout the 2018 growing season, ranging 24.1–30.1 %, while average soil moisture values in 2019 were highest (33.5 %) in late May then steadily decreased until average values stabilized around 17 % in mid-August>. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier