期刊,Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2022年70卷期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

Urban & Fischer Verlag

主办单位：Urban & Fischer Verlag

国际刊号：1618-8667

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening/Journal Urban Forestry & Urban GreeningSCIISSHP

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Is green space associated with opioid-related mortality? An ecological study at the U.S. county level

Becker D.A.Browning M.H.E.M.McAnirlin O.Yuan S....

10页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier GmbHOpioid consumption, both legal and illicit, has risen precipitously in the U.S. over the past few decades, as has the number of deaths due to the use and misuse of opioids. Exposure to green spaces may help to alleviate the problematic levels of opioid use. Such exposure has been tied to health benefits relevant to opioid use. To explore the potential influence of green space on opioid-related health outcomes, we analyzed the association between tree canopy cover and mortality attributable to opioid use and abuse using 2008–2018 death rate data on a county level (n = 3087) across the contiguous U. S. We fitted spatial general additive model while controlling for socioeconomic factors, healthcare access measures, opioid prescription rates, and particulate air pollution. Contrary to expectations, canopy cover was positively associated with opioid mortality. A sensitivity analysis with forest land cover showed similar results while a sensitivity analysis with total greenness (NDVI) was nonsignificant. Stratified models by urbanicity level suggested suburban and rural counties drove the positive associations observed in the nationwide models. The findings for forest and canopy cover are unexpected, given the myriad health benefits of green spaces, yet might be explained by heavily forested areas (i.e., Appalachia) being home to injury-prone natural resource extraction employment sectors. The steady decline of these industries has created poor socioeconomic conditions that exacerbate the already elevated risk of opioid use and misuse. Alternatively, the magnitude of the protective effects of greenspace on pain reduction are insufficient to counter opioid demand. Further research is warranted, especially in studies with individual-level data. Entities with responsibility or interest in reducing the incidence of deaths from opioids are cautioned that green spaces might not be a viable option for reducing opioid mortality.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

PM2.5 reduction capacities and their relation to morphological and physiological traits in 13 landscaping tree species

Kim K.Jeon J.Jung H.Kim T.K....

12页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier GmbHFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is emerging as a serious environmental problem worldwide with the increase in anthropogenic emission sources, such as fossil fuels, transportation, and industries. In urban areas, where industrial complexes and human activities are concentrated, PM2.5 poses a threat to human health. Recently, because of their ability to reduce PM2.5, the introduction of landscaping trees as an environment-friendly solution has become popular; however, there remains a lack of research on the selection of species and their management. In this study, we quantified and compared the PM2.5 reduction capacities of 13 major landscaping tree species and analyzed their relationship with the morphological and physiological characteristics of each species. The results showed that the amount of PM2.5 reduction per leaf area differed among species and was the highest in Ginkgo biloba (28 165 ± 5353 # cm?2 min?1) and the lowest in Pinus strobus (1602 ± 186 # cm?2 min?1). Moreover, PM2.5 reduction by the broadleaf species (18 802 ± 1638 # cm?2 min?1) was approximately 8.6-fold higher than that of the needleleaf species (2194 ± 307 # cm?2 min?1). Correlation analysis revealed that differences in PM2.5 reduction were explained by differences in specific leaf area between species (P = 0.004) and by the length of margin per leaf area among individual trees (P < 0.05). Additionally, reduction in PM2.5 correlated with photosynthetic properties such as maximum assimilation and carboxylation rates (P < 0.001), indicating that PM2.5 is reduced not only by physical adsorption but also by physiological processes. These findings emphasize that for effective reduction in PM2.5 using landscaping trees, comprehensive consideration of the morphological and physiological characteristics of the species is essential during species selection, and that continuous management is also necessary to maintain the active physiological conditions of the trees.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Characterization of co-benefits of green stormwater infrastructure across ecohydrologic regions in the United States

Rainey W.McHale M.Arabi M.

9页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Stormwater Green Infrastructure (SGI) systems such as rain gardens, permeable pavement and bioswales are commonly used in municipalities to reduce urban flooding and water pollution. In conjunction with these direct benefits, SGI systems provide additional social and environmental “co-benefits”. Our goal was to investigate the co-benefits of commonly used SGI systems in five cities in the United States, including Baltimore, Denver, New York City, Philadelphia, and Portland. The i-Tree Eco model was used to predict carbon storage and sequestration, air pollution removal, UV reduction, and cooling effects of trees for individual tree species and estimated SGI tree inventories across the five study cities based on observed tree characteristic data. Aspects of SGI design, environmental factors, and model inputs were assessed to understand what parameters impacted SGI co-benefits predicted by the model. We evaluated the most highly influential parameters using a global sensitivity analysis method. As expected, the type of SGI design, and the overall number of trees utilized within those designs, played a large role in determining the overall amount of co-benefits predicted by the model. However, climate also influenced estimation of benefits produced, with similar responses predicted for cities in the same climate zone (e.g. Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City). In particular, the global sensitivity analysis showed that variables influencing environmental conditions and tree growth also impacted final co-benefit predictions produced by i-Tree Eco. study revealed how various assumptions and prevailing equations within the i-Tree Eco model can play a major role in the final outcomes predicted by the model. Studies that use i-Tree Eco to analyze potential co-benefits of SGI projects, especially when the goal is to compare projects across climate zones, should consider what aspects of the results are simply a function of the model itself. Overall, the model predicts that more co-benefits are provided in certain climate zones, an assumption currently supported in the literature.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier

Refining the accessibility evaluation of urban green spaces with multiple sources of mobility data: A case study in Shenzhen, China

Zhang L.Chen P.Hui F.

12页

查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier GmbHUrban green space (UGS) is an important component of urban resources which contributes to human physical and mental health. Studies on the accessibility of UGS under the two-step floating catchment (2SFCA) framework have recently received much attention. However, the effects of people's actual mobility patterns have not been fully considered in current studies. Proposed in this study is an improved accessibility model called AM-Ga2SFCA, which refines the traditional Gaussian 2SFCA method with the actual mobility information extracted from mobile phone big data and online map. A new attractiveness index of UGS is implemented by combining the popularity evaluated by the PageRank algorithm and the actual utilisation based on buffer analysis. In addition, realistic travel time between each demand point and UGS is retrieved from the online map, which is further introduced into AM-Ga2SFCA as the travel cost. A case study is conducted in Shenzhen, China to validate the proposed model. Results show that the accessibility of UGS is strongly correlated with regional urbanization level, for example, higher accessibility generally occurred in the region with developed transportation and rich green resources. From the perspective of age groups and travel modes, we found that the environmental justice issue had already occurred in Shenzhen especially for the non-elderly: under the walk mode, nearly 80% of the non-elderly only shared 20% of UGS whilst approximately 80% of the elderly shared 30% of UGS. However, taxi or private vehicles can effectively alleviate the aforementioned phenomenon by reducing the Gini index to less than 0.5. The proposed model is expected to advance the understanding of UGS accessibility and facilitate effective planning to reduce environmental justice.

原文链接:

NSTL
Elsevier