Braga, Roberta da RochaGondim, Patricia de MenezesMatushima, Eliana Reiko
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Endocrine disruption defines the influence of environmental contaminants on the control of behaviour, growth and reproduction of free-living species. Amphibians are considered as bioindicators of environmental balance in aquatic and terrestrial systems and of physiological and immunological sensitivity to environmental stressors. In the Caatinga Domain of northeastern Brazil, the Lower Jaguaribe River (LJR) region is outstanding for the conservation of anurans and has considerable species diversity. However, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers is of increasing concern because of consequent risks to environmental, human and animal health. Miranda's white-lipped frogs (Leptodactylus macrosternum) are abundant and well-adapted in this region and, therefore, are considered to be a suitable bioindicator. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphology of endocrine organs of this species for evidence of potential impacts of agrosystems. We found significantly smaller females and parathyroid cytolysis in frogs collected from cultivated areas, compared with those from non-cultivated regions. Interrenal degeneration was found in both sample populations. Chemical analysis detected pesticides and potentially toxic elements in tissues of Miranda's white-lipped frog tissues from the LJR region (data not shown). These findings suggest that the parathyroid gland acts as a biomarker of environmental toxicity in cultivated areas in the LJR region. In this study, the other examined endocrine organs did not show significant potential for use in biomonitoring the impact of toxic chemicals. (C)& nbsp;2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Despite their high prevalence, the aetiopathogenesis of ovarian cysts in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) is unknown. We examined tissue samples of cystic ovaries from 20 guinea pigs by histopathology and immunohistochemistry for CD10 antigen, and determined the concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-& nbsp;& nbsp;, oestradiol and progesterone in the cyst fluid. Cystic rete ovarii were found in all 20 guinea pigs but no follicular cysts. Concentrations of Na+ (142.2 +/- 5.04 mmol/l), K+ (5.6 +/- 0.76 mmol/l) and Cl-& nbsp; (116.1 +/- 5.25 mmol/l) corresponded to extracellular, rather than intracellular, fluid indicating that rete ovarii cysts in guinea pigs are transudative in nature. A positive correlation was found between Na(+ )and Cl-& nbsp; concentrations (r =& nbsp;0.7713, P < 0.0001). The mean concentrations of oestradiol (61.9 +/- 17.44 pg/ml) and progesterone (2.7 +/- 5.42 ng/ml) in the cyst fluid were higher than expected because the rete epithelium is not known to have steroidogenic activity. A negative correlation was found between oestradiol and progesterone concentrations in cyst fluid (r = -0.4296, P =& nbsp;0.0178). Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of cystic rete ovarii in guinea pigs are discussed.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Consalter, AngelicaBalaro, Mario F. A.Nascimento, NathaliaWaterloo, Mateus M. L....
5页
查看更多>>摘要：A 7-year-old female goat developed progressive ataxia, which progressed to sternal recumbency. Clinical examination revealed a slight elevation in the sacral spine (S1 -S2), tetraparesis, perineal hypoaesthesia and absent tail and anal reflexes. Due to unresponsiveness to treatment with corticosteroids, the goat was euthanized. At necropsy, a 4.0 x 5.7 x 2.5 cm tumour mass was found in the uterine body and right uterine horn. In the cauda equina (L6 -S2), a 3 cm tumour associated with a 2 cm ventral intraosseous sacral haematoma was also found. The tumours were characterized by neoplastic proliferation of columnar epithelial cells with a predominant tubular pattern. Neoplastic cells with glandular cytoplasm stained with acid Alcian blue and periodic acid -Schiff. Other metastases were found in the lungs, right ovary, dura mater and nerve roots of the medullary cone. Neoplastic cells were immunolabelled for cytokeratin but were negative for vimentin, and the tumour was diagnosed as metastatic endometrial tubular adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intramedullary metastasis to the spinal cord of this tumour in any species except humans. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Payton, Mark E.Confer, Anthony W.Chien, Rory C.Sorensen, Nicholas J....
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is a significant disease of cattle and many aetiologies have been implicated on the basis of the characteristic pathological lesions. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the key aetiological factors in bovine respiratory disease complex and several studies have suggested, controversially, that BRSV may be an underlying cause of bovine AIP. BRSV infection is known to cause several distinctive histopathological changes, including epithelial syncytia formation and intracytoplasmic viral inclusions. However, distinguishing bovine AIP from BRSV-related pneumonia by clinical presentation, gross pathology or histopathology can sometimes be challenging. In order to identify the potential distinguishing features, we compared the histopathological findings of AIP that were, and were not, associated with BRSV infection in naturally occurring cases. We found that multinucleated giant cells were more frequently identified in cattle with AIP while bronchiolitis was more common in BRSV-infected cattle. However, this was not considered a sole indicator of either disease group. Statistically, we identified that a combination of several histopathological features, including alveolar septal necrosis, presence of multinucleated giant cells and bronchiolitis, can serve as an excellent indicator for distinguishing between idiopathic AIP and BRSV-related pneumonia, with a strong statistical significance (P 1/4 0.0004). Based on the results of this retrospective study, we present a histopathological scoring system for predicting BRSV-associated AIP.(C)2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：We report the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a phaeochromocytoma (PCC) in a 9-year-old male neutered Golden Retriever dog. The dog presented with acute onset of deteriorating cervical pain but was otherwise normal on general physical and neurological examinations. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed a focal, extramedullary, infiltrative, poorly demarcated, heterogeneous mass with moderate contrast enhancement at the left cranial articular process of C2, associated with osteolysis and pathological fractures of C2, and marked soft tissue trauma. Due to the severe lesions and grave prognosis, the dog was euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed severe enlargement of the right adrenal gland due to a neoplasm of the adrenal medulla. C2 was lytic and there was a white, well-demarcated, firm neoplastic mass in the surrounding musculature. Neoplasms were also present in, and adjacent to, the prostate gland and in pulmonary lymph nodes. Histologically, the neoplasms were composed of dense sheets and nests of small, round to polyhedral cells with frequent palisading along fine connective tissue septa, karyomegaly, multinucleated cells and frequent mitotic figures. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells expressed chromogranin A and synaptophysin. Gross, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings support the diagnosis of PCC, originating from the right adrenal gland, with multiple metastases in the cervical spine, prostate gland and pulmonary lymph nodes. This case highlights the difficulty of intra-vitam diagnosis of PCC as its manifestation can be highly variable. PCC should be considered as a rare but possible differential diagnosis for painful vertebral masses in elderly dogs. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：In addition to their well-known functions in haemostasis, anucleated platelets have a critical role in cancer biology. Many human and non-human cancer types can directly interact with and activate platelets, promoting cancer malignancy and progression. Although naturally occurring canine neoplastic diseases mimic the biologically complex conditions of human cancers more closely than laboratory-bred mice, studies evaluating the relationship between cancer cells and platelets in dogs are scarce, and the effects of tumour cells on platelets in these animals are unknown. To evaluate whether cancer cells could activate canine platelets, we assessed the response of platelet-rich plasma to cultured canine cancer cells using light transmittance aggregometry. Similar to human and murine cancer cell research, we demonstrated that both canine osteosarcoma and mammary carcinoma cells activated canine platelets in vitro, resulting in platelet aggregation. The degree of aggregation was most pronounced at a cancer cell to platelet ratio of 1:200 for most cell lines. Mechanistic studies revealed that the platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor P2Y12 is essential for canine platelet aggregation induced by canine cancer. ADP receptor blockage on platelets inhibited > 50% of cancer cell-induced maximum platelet aggregation in all cell lines evaluated. As in other species, our results suggest that canine cancers may activate canine platelets in vivo. This mechanism is likely relevant for the biology and progression of cancer in the dog. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Fonseca-Alves, Carlos E.Laufer-Amorim, ReneeGuiraldelli, Giulia G.Prado, Maria Carolina M....
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the ability of highly aggressive cancer cells to form fluid-conducting channels that facilitate the nutrition and metastasis of cancer cells. Considering the importance of VM in the prognosis of canine mammary gland tumours, this study aimed to investigate global gene expression in two canine mammary carcinoma cell cultures associated with the capacity for VM in vitro. The cell lines were subjected to an in-vitro assay to form VM channels (3D culture). Each cell line was then used in 2D conditions as controls and we compared the global gene expression with that of the 3D cultures. A total of 1,217 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (P < 0.05, fold change >2.0 or <2.0) were observed in 3D conditions compared with 2D culture in the UNESP-CM9 cell line, of which 677 were upregulated genes and 540 were downregulated. In contrast, the UNESP-CM60 cell line had only one upregulated and two downregulated genes. Overall, we identified several genes and pathways involved in the development of VM and these molecular data will be useful for future studies aimed at identifying diagnostic and therapeutic targets for VM in canine mammary carcinoma. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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