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The Indian Journal of Agronomy
Indian Society of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute
The Indian Journal of Agronomy

Indian Society of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute

0537-197X

The Indian Journal of Agronomy/Journal The Indian Journal of Agronomy
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    Aerobic Rice and its significant perspective for sustainable crop production

    Verma G.Mahapatra B.S.Bhupenchandra I.Devi S.H....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.Aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) flourishes well under dry situations and caters a favourable option to solve the emerging water crisis in agricultural production. Water scarcity is touted as a grave concern in various rice-growing areas of the world, leading to introduction of water-saving aerobic rice, which is direct-seeded in non-puddled, non-flooded aerobic soil. This escalating dearth of water resources has drifted to the development and adoption of an aerobic rice system, which saves water input and improves water productivity by decreasing water use during the land preparation and minimizing seepage, percolation and evaporation losses. Inadequate water accessibility is a main restraint for the husbandry of rice in the conventional flooded systems, mainly in the semiarid regions of the world. Aerobic rice-cultivation caters a feasible alternative to traditional rice production system, permitting sub-stantial water reserves, as rice systems is facing the challenge of giving higher yields with less water. This balance between water savings and grain yield ensues since the removal of irrigation causes water stress-induced alter-ations in the physical and biological root traits of the crop. Improved water productivity and decreased labour ne-cessity are witnessed in the aerobic rice-production system, as the aerobic rice can cut up to 50% of irrigation water in contrast to lowland rice. Aerobic rice is acclaimed as a sustainable rice-production system for the future to manage water scarcity in the fa?ade of anomalous and unpredictable rainfall.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Effect of different microenvironment on heat unit requirement and heat use efficiency of different lentil genotypes sown in rice fallow condition

    Kumar S.Barman K.K.Yadav G.S.Babu S....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.To utilize the rice (Oryza sativa L.) fallow land of the northeastern region (NER) of India and enhance the cropping intensity, a set of lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes/varieties were evaluated for heat requirement and use efficiency under 2 thermal regimes in Tripura [altitude of 52 m ASL (meter above sea level)] during 2014–15 and 2015-16 (November to March). The experiment consisted of 14 lentil genotypes namely ‘HUL 57’, ‘L 4076’, ‘ILL 10897’, ‘ILL 10893’, ‘BM 6’, ‘BM 7’, ‘WBL 77’, ‘Subrata’, ‘ILL-6002’, ‘L-1111-12’, ‘L-1112-18’, ‘L-1112-20’, ‘ILL-10951’, and ‘L 1112-07’ which were sown under two thermal regimes e.g., 16th November (1st date of sowing) and 1st December (2nd date of sowing) during both the years. Results revealed that crop sown on 16th November took 3 days more than that of 1st December sowing to attain physiological maturity. ‘Lentil’ ‘L-1112-18’ took a minimum number of days (80) to reach physiological maturity stage followed by ‘L-1111-12 (82 days). Crop sown on 1st December consumed more growing degree days (GDD) between different phenological stages, for example sowing to 50% emergence (113.8), 1st flower bud initiation to 50% flowering (250.4), and 50% flowering to physiological maturity (632.3) except for 50% emergence to 1st flower bud initiation (682.4) than that of 16th November sowing. Lentil variety HUL 57 required the highest GDD between all the phenological stages. Accumulated GDD and heliothermal unit (HTU) were higher for 16th Nov sowing ranged from 100.4 °C days (emergence) to 1719.5 °C days (physiological maturity) and accumulated HTU from 127.6 °C day hours (emergence) to 2199.2 °C day hours (physiological maturity) than 1st December sowing. HUL 57 accumulated the highest GDD and HTU from sowing to physiological maturity. The pheno-thermal index (PTI) was higher between sowing to 50% emergence (20.2-21.8) and 50% flowering to physiological maturity (18.2-20.1) than in between of 1st flower bud initiation to 50% flowering (16.2-17.4) and 50% emergence to 1st flower bud initiation (16.5-17.9). ‘Lentil’ ‘HUL 57’ had the highest PTI (21.3) followed by ‘L-4076’ (21.0) while the lowest PTI was by BM 6 (16.1) followed by ‘L-1112-18 (17.1) between 50% flowering to physiological maturity. Lentil sown on 16th Nov produced more seed (1008.9 kg/ha), straw (1608.9 kg/ ha), and biomass (2617.6 kg/ha) yields, and improved heat use efficiency for grain yield (0.60 kg/ha °C day-1) and biomass yield (1.56 kg/ha °C day-1) than that of sowing on 1st Dec. Lentil genotype BM-6 produced maximum seed yield (1270 kg/ha) followed by WBL 77 (1234 kg/ha) and L-1112-18 (1231.5 kg/ha). The highest straw yield was produced by WBL 77 (1747.5 kg/ha) followed by L-4076 (1715.5 kg/ha) and L-1112-18 (1685.5 kg/ha). However, genotype L-1112-18 produced maximum biomass yield (2917 kg/ha) followed by L-1111-12 (2894.5 kg/ha) and L-4076 (2883 kg/ha). The genotype L-1112-18 had maximum heat use efficiency for seed yield (0.90 kg/ha °C day-1) and biomass yield (2.12 kg/ha °C day-1). Thus, the study recommended the genotypes BM-6, WBL 77, and L-1112-18 which are heat efficient and high yielding for efficient utilization of rice fallow areas under both the thermal re-gimes.
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    • NSTL

    Crop productivity and soil health as influenced by organic sources of nutrients and weed management in rice (Oryza sativa)–potato (Solanum tuberosum)– Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cropping system under irrigated condition

    Sharma A.Kachroo D.Thakur N.P.Puniya R....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.A field experiment was conducted during 2015–16 and 2016–17 under different organic sources of nutrients and weed management in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)–Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping system with 6 sources of nutrients as main-plot treatments and 4 weed-management practices as sub-plot treatments. Among the organic sources of nutrients, application of 100% organics [100% recommended N (Rec. N) through different organic sources each equivalent to 1/3 of Rec. N, i.e. FYM + vermicompost + non-edible oil cake] + vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), recorded significantly maximum individual crop yield, rice-equivalent yield (REY), system profitability, microbial population, soil organic carbon and available nutrients. Application of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] seed meal @ 5 t/ha resulted in registered significantly higher yield of crops, REY, microbial population and soil organic carbon. However, the parameters like system profitability (303.85 and 364.03 ￡/ha/day), net returns (110,904 and 132,872 ￡/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (0.76 and 0.91) were recorded higher in the weed free plots.
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    • NSTL

    Bio-efficacy of metribuzin based herbicide mixtures on weeds and productivity of wheat

    Rani S.Kumar S.Hooda V.S.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.A field experiment was conducted during 2014–15 and 2015–16 at Hisar, Haryana, to study bioefficacy of metribuzin-based herbicide mixture on weeds and producitivty of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design comprising 5 wheat varieties ‘WH 1105’, ‘HD 2967’, ‘DPW 621-50’, ‘WH 1124’ and ‘DBW 17’ in main plots and 6 weed-management practices, viz. metribuzin (210 g/ha), metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha), metribuzin + pinoxaden (150 + 40 g/ha) metribuzin + clodinafop (150 + 45 g/ha), weed-free and weedy check, in subplots, each replicated thrice. The wheat varieties did not affect the weed density and weed dry-matter accumulation. Wheat variety ‘WH 1105’ resulted in the maximum grain, straw and biological yields, being statistically at par with ‘HD 2967’ and ‘DPW 621-50’, but significantly better over ‘DBW 17’ and ‘WH 1124’. Among the herbicides, the density of grassy and total weeds and their dry-matter accumulation at all stages were observed minimum with metribuzin + fenoxaprop which remained at par with other 2 combinations of metribuzin, whereas density and dry matter of broad-leaf weeds were found minimum with metribuzin alone (210 g/ha). Alone application of metribuzin resulted in the lowest grain yield of wheat as compared to all the other herbi-cidal treatments.
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    • NSTL

    Effect of organic, integrated and chemical sources of nutrient on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays)

    Walia S.S.Patidar A.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.A field experiment was conducted at Ludhiana, Punjab, during 2015–16 and 2016–17, to study the effect of organic, integrated and chemical sources of nutrition on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.). Application of 50% recommended NPK + 50% N as FYM resulted in the maximum plant height, dry-matter accumulation, cob length, cob girth, grains/cobs, 100-seed weight, grain and stover yields than sole organic farming and chemical farming treatments. However, treatment with organic management package (T2 ), comprising bio-fertilizer containing N and P carriers was at par with integrated application of nutrients through organic sources and fertilizers and significantly better than 100% recommended NPK application. Integrated management of nutrient application resulted in 12.52% more grain yield than 100% NPK. Treatment with organic management package (T2 ) comprising bio-fertilizer containing N and P carriers exhibited 7.09% more grain yield than 100% NPK. The lowest value of growth and yield attributes was recorded with 50% N as FYM + bio-fertilizer (Azotobacter) for N + rockphosphate + phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria.
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    • NSTL

    Effects of integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare)

    Jat M.L.Chaplot P.C.Bairwa D.D.Meena S.N....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 Udaipur, Rajasthan, to study the nutrient status of plant and soil as influenced under integrated nutrient management in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (factorial), comprising combinations of 6 fertility levels and 4 liquid bio-inoculants. The results indicated that, application of 125% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) in conjunction with 5 t farm yard manure (FYM)/ha had significant effect on yields (grain, straw and biological yield) which was at par with 100% RDF + 5 t FYM/ha. However, both these fertility levels significantly increased the grain weight/ear over application of 75% RDF + 5 t FYM/ha, 125% RDF, 100% RDF and 75% RDF during both years. Both 125% RDF + 5 t FYM/ha and 100% RDF + 5 t FYM/ha fetched net returns of ?66,492 and 64,933 with benefit: cost ratio 2.15 and 2.14, respectively. The barley crop under the influence of conjoint inoculation with liquid bio–fertilizers, consisting combination of Azotobacter + Azospirillum + phosphates solubilizer + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) recorded significantly higher grain, straw and biological yields and was found at par with inoculation of Azotobacter + PSB inoculation, and both these treatments significantly influenced the grain, straw and biological yields. Inoculation of barley seed with liquid bio inoculant consisting combination of Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Phosphates solubilizer + PGPR recorded maximum net returns (67,906) and benefit: cost ratio 2.44 closely followed by seed inoculation with liquid bio inoculant Azotobacter + PSB with net returns of 65,006 and benefit: cost ratio of 2.31, registering significantly higher over inoculation with Azotobacter and PSB alone.
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    • NSTL

    Bio-efficacy of ready mixture of propaquizafop and imazethapyr against weeds in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)

    Mangaraj A.Jat S.Kewat M.L.Patidar J....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 and 2018 at the Live Stock Farm, Department of Agronomy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to adjudge the efficacy of propaquizafop and imazethapyr ready mixture against weeds in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Species-wise weed data recorded in the weedy check plots indicated that, density of monocot weeds (51.09%) was practically same to that of dicot ones (48.90%) in the experimental field. Among the monocots, jungle rice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.] (27.10%) was found predominant, followed by dicot weeds like gale of the wind Phyllanthus niruri (L.) (24.26%) and alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart. Griseb.] (16.40%) due to continuous germination of these weed seeds from the soil. However, other monocot weeds like (Cyperus rotundus L.), Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon, (L.) pers.], tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.), and dicots like Chicory (Cichorium intybus) L.) were also present in less numbers. Among the herbicidal treatments, post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr ready-mixture at 55 + 80 g/ha arrested weed density and weed biomass production remarkably and proved superior to its lower doses (50 + 75 and 45 + 70 g/ha), fomesafen + fluazeop-p-butyl ready mixture (90 + 90 and 110 + 110 g/ha), alone application of imazethapyr (150 g/ha) and pendimethalin (1,000 g/ha) as pre-emergence. Yield attributing characters (pods/plant, seeds/pod, seed index) and yield (1,189 kg/ha) were superior under propaquizafop + imazethapyr ready mixture applied at 55 + 80 g/ha followed, by 50 + 75 g/ha and found more remunerative than the other herbicidal treatments including check herbicides and mechanical weed control.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions

    Jat N.K.Singh D.V.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (Kharif) season of 2017 to 2019 at Jodhpur, Rajasthan to find the herbicide effective for mungbean [Vigna radiate (l.) R. Wilczek] in arid regions. The treatments comprised pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides along with hand-weeding, weed-free, and unweeded. Results revealed that, weed-control treatments brought about a 48.9–73.3% reduction in total weeds density and 46.8– 80.1% reduction in dry weed weight at harvesting as compared to unweeded control. Post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha, being at par to other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding, resulted in significantly lowest total weed density (24.1/m2) and total weed dry weight (66.6 g/m2) with highest weed-control efficiency (80.1%) and showed the lowest values of weed index (18.4). Moreover, post-emergence application of clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha also exhibited weed-control efficiency (73.2%) and weed index (21.0) at par with other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding. Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2), pods/plant (24.7), 1,000-seed weight (55.2 g), seed yield (840 kg/ha), and stover yield (2,563 kg/ha). Application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha also registered highest gross returns (?58.08 × 103/ha) and net returns (?42.58 × 103/ha) which were comparable to returns recorded under clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha. Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha being comparable with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha was also found superior in terms of impact assessment indices.
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    • NSTL

    Performance of promising lentil (Lens culanaris) cultivars under zero-till condition for sustainable intensification of rice (Oryza sativa)–fallows in eastern India

    Kumar R.Makarana G.Mishra J.S.Choudhary A.K....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.An experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Patna, Bihar, to identify the most suitable lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) cultivars, which can perform better in zero-till condition of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)–fallow production system. Results revealed that, among the lentil cultivars, ‘Pusa Masoor 5’ (2.20 t/ha) had higher seed yield and remained at par with ‘Pusa Vaibhav’, ‘IPL 81’, ‘HUL 57’, ‘Arun’ and ‘DPL 15’. With respect to economic feasibility, ‘Pusa Masoor 5’ resulted in significantly higher gross returns (`123 × 103 /ha), net returns (`92 × 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.9), respectively, as compared to ‘IPL 316’, ‘DPL 62’, ‘Ranjan’ and ‘K 75’. Thus ‘Pusa Masoor 5’ followed by ‘Pusa Vaibhav’ proved more stable and promising cultivars than the others in augmenting productivity as well as profitability under zero-till condition of rice–fallows production system of eastern India.
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    • NSTL

    Response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to organic amendments and weedmanagement practices

    Marimuthu S.Mohammed Amaaha M.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.A field experiment was conducted during 2015–16 and 2016–17 at Department of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to determine the effects of organic amendments and weed-control methods on weed control, yield and fibre quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Different organic amendments included (farmyard manure, vermicompost, composted poultry manure and goat manure), while weed-control methods comprised manual weeding, twin wheel hoe weeder and power-operated weeder for improvement in growth and yield of cotton. The results of pooled data indicated that, composted poultry manure along with hand-weeding twice at 20 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) recorded significantly lower weed density (27.29 No./m2), higher weed-control efficiency (84.80%) and higher crop dry-matter production (4,637 kg/ha), sympodial branches/plant (19.74), fruiting points/plant (54.01), bolls/plant (20.87), seed-cotton yield (1,602 kg/ha) compared with the other treatments. Application of organic materials along with manual weeding significantly improved available nutrient content, soil microbial biomass carbon, decreased soil electrical conductivity in short-term, and resulted in higher cotton yield and higher soil organic matter content. These results indicated that, application of composted poultry manure in addition with hand-weeding or weeding with power-operated weeder would do more to improve soil organic matter content, increase soil organism abundance, reduce weed population and improve seed-cotton yield.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL