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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Chemical profile and eco-safety evaluation of essential oils and hydrolates from Cistus ladanifer, Helichrysum italicum, Ocimum basilicum and Thymbra capitata

    Caramelo, DeboraDelgado, Fernandade Oliveira, Ana PalmeiraPastorinho, M. Ramiro...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The demand for natural-based products for industrial applications is increasing sharply and therefore the search for new alternatives to the plants traditionally used is growing. These alternative plants can be an important source of bioactive compounds under a circular economy approach. Considering the potential future use of new plant products by the industry, it is necessary to assess the risk associated with their introduction into the ecosystem. This work aims to provide an insight into the volatile profiles and evaluate the potential (eco)toxic effects of essential oils (EO's) and hydrolates of four plant species, namely rockrose (Cistus ladanifer), curry plant (Helichrysum italicum), conehead thyme (Thymbra capitata) and basil (Ocimum basilicum). Chemical analysis were performed by GC-MS and acute toxicity tests were performed using the model organism Daphnia magna. The essential oil and the hydrolate from H. italicum, as well as all the other hydrolates caused no immobilization up to the highest concentrations tested, suggesting that all hydrolates present low to no risk towards D. magna. Similarly, the essential oil of H. italicum, presented negligible risk towards D. magna. For C. ladanifer and T. capitata essential oils, the EC50 (the concentration estimated to immobilize 50 per cent of the Daphnia) at 48 h varied between 199.7 mg/L and 12.1 mg/L, respectively. The essential oil from C. ladanifer was mainly characterised by monoterpene hydrocarbons, while the H. italicum was richer in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Both essential oil and hydrolate from T. capitata contained exclusively monoterpene hydrocarbons with a particularly high content of carvacrol. The higher acute toxicity of T. capitata essential oil can be attributed to the high amount of carvacrol present in the distillate. Overall, of the essential oils and hydrolates tested, all can be classified as practically non-toxic, except for T. capitata essential oil that, according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) of the United Nations, can be classified as moderately toxic.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Wood production and nutritional and antioxidant status of field-grown Eucalyptus under a differential supply of lime and copper plus zinc

    Florentino, Antonio L.Ferraz, Alexandre, VCarvalho, Marcia E. A.Masullo, Liamara S....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Eucalyptus grandis L. plantations for industrial purposes (e.g., wood charcoal and pulp) are largely adopted worldwide, mainly in acidic and poorly fertile soils. The application of lime to soil is recommended for eucalyptus plantation, but lime reduces the availability of metallic micronutrients to plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the performance of field-grown Eucalyptus grandis in Ferralsol amended with lime at different rates (0.0 and 1.6 and 3.7 Mg ha(-1)) and Cu plus Zn [0.0 and 0.0 kg ha(-1) (-CuZn) and 0.5 and 1.5 kg ha(-1) (+CuZn)]. The soil chemical attributes, shoot biomass, and nutrient accumulation were evaluated, while nutrient use efficiency, chlorophyll (Chl) and flavonoid (Flay) contents, and enzymatic antioxidant performance [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPDX), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] were assayed to assess the nutritional status of the plants. Despite the lime application rate increasing Ca and Mg soil availabilities, effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC), base saturation (BS), and pH values, the available Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations decreased at 6 and 30 months after planting. Conversely, Mn soil availability increased with lime application rates. Liming augmented Cu-, Fe-, Mn-, and Zn-use efficiency, while +CuZn supply increased enzymatic antioxidant performance in 30-month-old plant. Overall, the combined application of lime and +CuZn enhanced shoot biomass relative to that of non-treated plants. However, there was no observed difference in shoot biomass in 30-month-old limed and non-limed eucalyptus trees that were supplied with +CuZn. This result can be partially explained by the improvement in soil chemical attributes, such as soil pH, eCEC, and BS. In conclusion, the use of integrative approaches and temporal evaluations provided new insights into wood yield, biochemical traits, antioxidant metabolism, and the nutritional status of field-grown eucalyptus under lime and +CuZn application rates.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Potential sources and methodologies for the recovery of phenolic compounds from distillation residues of Mediterranean aromatic plants. An approach to the valuation of by-products of the essential oil market-A review

    Ortiz de Elguea-Culebras, GonzaloMelero Bravo, EnriqueSanchez-Vioque, Raul
    23页
    查看更多>>摘要：This review compiles the available information on potential sources and methodologies for the recovery of phenolic compounds from the residues (solid residue, wastewater or hydrolate) of the essential oil distillation of a total of 47 cultivated (native and exotic) or wild-collected aromatic plants of the Mediterranean region. Special attention has been paid to the new and promising techniques of distillation and processing of residues in the sense of a more efficient recovery of phenolic compounds with a reduced use of solvents and a time and energy saving. However, it has been observed that technique used for the distillation of the essential oil as well as the subsequent processing of the residue clearly affect the composition, and hence the biological properties, of the phenolic fraction. The most abundant compounds (42) were phenolic monoterpenes (thymol and carvacrol) and diterpenes (carnosic acid, carnosol and methyl carnosate), hydroxybenzoic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, vanillic, gallic, ellagic and catechol), phenylpropanoic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, rosmarinic chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic and neochlorogenic), phenylpropenes (eugenol), coumarins (coumarin and herniarine), flavanones (naringenin, naringin, eriocitrin and hesperidin), flavones (apigenin, genkwanin, apigetrin, luteolin, cynaroside, luteolin 7-glucuronide, scolymoside, cirsimaritin and salvigenin) and flavanols (catechin, kaempferol methylethers, astragalin, quercetin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, miquelianin and rutin). The feasibility of recovering some of these phenolic fractions/compounds is discussed on the basis of the availability of the residue, the potential cost of the implementation by the industry, and in terms of sustainability like the use of less pollutant solvents as water or ethanol.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fertilization and soil pH affect seed and biomass yield, plant morphology, and cadmium uptake in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

    Wielgusz, KatarzynaPraczyk, MarcinIrzykowska, LidiaSwierk, Dariusz...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The phytoremediation potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) becomes a new target of hemp cultivation. The ability to accumulate cadmium depends on genetic, anatomical and physiological characteristics of the varieties. The published data show that the level of fertilization affects many metabolic pathways, the development of plants and cannabinoid concentration. In addition, there are inconsistent data on the cadmium accumulation capacity depending on the mineral nutrition and pH. A study was carried out to assess the potential of two hemp varieties ('Henola' and 'Bialobrzeskie') as a decontaminator of cadmium, depending on soil pH and phosphorous fertilizer level. The influence of pH, fertilization and cadmium concentration in the soil on plant morphology and on the yield of seeds and biomass were also assessed. The soil with two different pH was used in the experiment: acidic (pH 4) and alkaline (pH 7.5). Two concentrations of aqueous solution of cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO3)2) were added to the soil to obtain final concentration of Cd: 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg of soil, respectively. The phosphorous fertilizer was supplied in the amounts of: 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha. The cadmium content in soil and in hemp plants was determined with a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. Based on two years of experiments, the highest cadmium concentration in seeds and biomass, were revealed for Henola variety, when fertilizer was applied in the amount of 150 kg/ha. The results revealed that the fertilization ant pH level are important factors in the cultivation of hemp. They affect the intensity of cadmium uptake from the soil. Higher soil pH was correlated with the highest concentration of Cd in seeds and straw of Bialobrzeskie variety. Such a relationship has not been demonstrated in the case of the Henola variety. The highest BCF (bioconcentration factor) value was calculated for Cd uptake in 'Henola' biomass. Increased cadmium concentration in the soil did not adversely affect development and growth of two hemp varieties studied. The phytoremediation potential of individual hemp varieties is different. Higher pH increases the cadmium uptake by some hemp varieties, but in the case of other varieties this relationship is reversed. It is necessary to assess the phytoremediation potential of each hemp cultivar in different agrotechnical conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide characterization of Brassica napus INDETERMINATE DOMAIN genes reveals a negative role for BnA08.IDD7 in plant development

    Yang, HuiQu, CunminLi, JianaLu, Kun...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) transcription factors belong to the most conserved gene family in plants and play crucial roles in growth and development. However, there has been no systemic survey and characterization of IDD genes in Brassica napus. Here, we identified 58 IDD genes in the B. napus genome. Phylogenetic analysis of IDD genes from three Brassica species and Arabidopsis thaliana classified them into six groups. The BnIDD genes displayed functional and structural diversity with respect to gene structure and cis-acting elements in their promoters. The majority of BnIDD genes in Group 1/3/4 were highly expressed in leaves, flowers, and reproductive organs, while those in Group 2/5/6 showed more restricted tissue-specific expression patterns. In addition, BnIDD7 genes showed extremely high expression in all detected tissues, which we confirmed by promoter-GUS staining. Subcellular localization showed that BnA08. IDD7 (BnIDD7-1) is localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of BnA08. IDD7 in Arabidopsis resulted in significant inhibition of multiple traits, such as root elongation, delayed flowering, and reduced plant height and aboveground fresh weight. Our study provides insight into the functional evolution of the IDD gene family in plants, and lays a foundation for discovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative role of IDD7 in plant growth and development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Hail event rather than cold stress, has profound effects on the carbon-water coupling process of Hevea brasiliensis in Xishuangbanna

    Zhao, WeiZhou, LiguoLi, JingFei, Xuehai...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The annual pattern of the carbon-water coupling of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) has never been explored on the plant and ecosystem scales, and the responses of the carbon-water coupling to cold stress and hail events remain unknown. We continuously measured the sap flow density (J(s)), diameter at breast height (DBH), and the carbon and water flux of rubber plantations in Southwest China from 2012 to 2016, to compare the water-use efficiency (WUE) of rubber plantations by considering different scales (plant and ecosystem) and methods (eddy covariance and isotope techniques) and to reveal the adaptation strategy of rubber trees to cold stress and hail events from the perspective of WUE. We found the followings: (1) high correlation in the annual WUE pattern were noted on the plant and ecosystem scales (r=0.74, P<0.05), with higher WUE values obtained during the rainy seasons than during the dry seasons; (2) The rubber trees responded to cold stress with the reduction of the strength of the carbon-water coupling, which was characterized by a lower ratio of growth rate of DBH (Rdbh) to J(s) during the cold stress period (slope=0 .007 , P>0.05) compared with after the cold stress (slope=0 .03, P<0.05); and (3) The hail event severely disrupted the WUE pattern of rubber trees, which was characterized by a weak relationship between Rdbh and J(s) after experiencing the hail event (slope=0 .01, r=0.35, P>0.05) than without experiencing the hail event (slope=0.07, r=0.63, P<0.05). We concluded that the response of rubber trees to the frequent cold stress might involve the long-term adaptation by short-term decoupling of WUE; however, the effects of the occasional hail event on the growth of rubber trees were more profound.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Eichhornia crassipes nanoparticles as a sustainable lubricant additive: Tribological properties optimization and performance under boundary lubrication regime

    Opia, Anthony ChukwunonsoKameil, Abdul Hamid MohdSyahrullail, SamionJohnson, Charles A....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tribological behavior of new biomaterials from Eichhornia crassipes additives were conducted in this study. Eichhornia crassipes carbon nanotubes (EC-CNT) and Eichhornia crassipes carboxymethyl cellulose (EC-CMC) polymer were used in the research, and the two additives were further optimized to examine their synergistic tendency. The friction and wear analysis was carried on the additives against base rapeseed oil using a reciprocating rig tribo-meter. The tribological enhancement of the additives were conducted in terms of friction and wear, temperature, and load-carrying effect. The substrate morphology, elemental distribution of worn surfaces was characterised using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). The inclusion of 1.5 wt% EC-CNT, 0.5 wt% EC-CMC, 1.2 wt% EC-CNT + 0.4 wt% EC-CMC (optimized) in the base lubricant yielded an excellent performance as a lubricant additive and reduced the friction and wear scar volume. However, the optimized sample (1.2 wt% EC-CNT + 0.4 wt% EC-CMC) reduces friction and wear by 76.7% and 49.3%, respectively, when compared to base oil. The investigation revealed that the higher the lubricant temperature used, the better the nanoparticle tribological properties, producing best under optimized additive. The application of a load of 100 N results in the best tribofilm formation performance, resulting in reduced friction and wear.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal a key role of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway cascade in the pigmentation of a Cinnamomum camphora red bark mutant ('Gantong 1')

    Xu, MengYu, FaxinZhong, YongdaChen, Caihui...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is an important economic tree due to its aromatic, medicinal and ornamental properties. Color is a key characteristic contributing to the ornamental value of the camphor tree to breeders and consumers. However, little is known about the coloration mechanism in the camphor tree. In this study, a C. camphora red bark mutant 'Gantong 1' was obtained and the metabolomics and transcriptomics data of the red bark of 'Gantong 1' and the green bark of normal C. camphora were analyzed. A total of 2017 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 16 anthocyanin metabolites were identified in the red and green barks. The enrichment analysis revealed that anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were the most active biological pathways regarding to the upregulated DEGs in the red bark. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that pelargonidin/cyanidin/peonidin-based anthocyanins were the main pigments responsible for the orange-red coloration of the 'Gantong 1'. A total of 24 upregulated DEGs encoding 11 enzymes were identified as key structural genes participating in the anthocyanin biosynthesis, and 6 transcription factors (3 MYBs and 3 bHLHs) may be candidate regulators of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways in the 'Gantong 1'. Taken together, the results of this study provide not only comprehensive transcriptome and anthocyanin metabolite information but also valuable insights into the coloring mechanism of the camphor tree red bark mutant 'Gantong 1'.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Co-production of bioethanol and xylosaccharides from steam-exploded eucalyptus sawdust using high solid loads in enzymatic hydrolysis: Effect of alkaline impregnation

    Guchin, NikolaiDaniel Ferrari, MarioLareo, ClaudiaScutari, Valentina...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this work, Eucalyptus grandis sawdust was investigated as raw matter for the co-production of xylosaccharides (XS) and bioethanol by steam explosion pretreatment with and without a previous NaOH impregnation stage. The acetyl groups were completely removed in the NaOH impregnation step, which inhibited the autohydrolysis during the steam explosion pretreatment. The best results, in terms of XS recovery and glucan content in the pretreated substrate, were obtained when E. grandis was subjected to steam explosion at 200 degrees C for 10 min without alkaline impregnation. 76 kg of XS per ton of sawdust were obtained from the hemicellulosic hydrolysate and were mostly xylose or short xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (83% and 17%, respectively). High hydrolysis efficiencies were obtained using high solids loading (27%) with the steam pretreated material. High ethanol concentrations (75.6 g/L) and yields (259 L per ton of dry raw sawdust) were obtained by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), representing a suitable strategy for ethanol production from eucalyptus sawdust.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Production of sustainable two-stroke engine biolubricant ester base oil from palm fatty acid distillate

    Ng, Brandon Ywe SoongOng, Hwai ChyuanLau, Harrison Lik NangIshak, Nor Shafizah...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was selected as the feedstock for biolubricant base oil production in two-stroke engine oils' formulation. PFAD is a low-cost palm refinery by-product with a high free fatty acid (FFA) content (85%). The esterification of PFAD with neopentyl glycol (NPG) was conducted in the presence of a solid acid catalyst (SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3) to produce PFAD-NPG ester. Optimization profile indicated that PFAD conversion and PFAD-NPG ester yield were 84% and 82%, respectively, under optimum reaction conditions of 180 degrees C, 4 h, 2.0 wt% SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3 catalyst loading and a 2:1 PFAD to NPG molar ratio. The physicochemical properties of the base oil successfully comply with the Japanese Automotive Standards Organization (JASO) M345:2018 requirements for two-stroke oils in terms of sulfated ash content, kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C and flash point. In addition, reusability of solid acid catalyst, SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3 was investigated, where PFAD conversion and PFAD-NPG ester yield were found to be excellent at 81% and 80%, respectively, which showed that the catalyst had good consistency after 5 cycles.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier