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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Enrichment of γ-aminobutyric acid in mulberry leaves and the inhibitory effects of the water extract on ACE and α-glucosidase activity

    Tu J.Liu G.Jin Y.Tang C....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To improve the functional properties of mulberry leaves, different methods were used to treat harvested mulberry leaves to accumulate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The results showed that soaking, cold shock, and anoxic treatments all significantly increased GABA content in mulberry leaves, which were all closely related to the increase of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity and Ca2+ content. Further studies showed that the water extract of the treated mulberry leaves had a higher angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity than that of the untreated sample, which was close to the effects of using the same amount of GABA alone. The result of molecular docking showed that GABA was stretched into the hydrophobic pocket of ACE to form a stable hydrophobic binding with Ala-354 and Val-380 residues, and formed the hydrogen bond interaction with the residue Glu-384. Importantly, GABA could directly chelated with the zinc ion (bond lengths: 2.9 and 3.1 ?), which was the main interaction between the GABA and ACE. However, the inhibition of mulberry leaf extract on α-glucosidase was not closely related to the GABA content. The results showed that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was significantly increased by treating with 6 g/L sodium glutamate for 15 h (IC50 =0.29 mg/mL), and further LC/MS analysis demonstrated that some active compounds especially neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and rutin were significantly increased in the extract. These data indicated that GABA enrichment was an effective postharvest treatment of mulberry leaves, which can improve its prospects as functional raw materials for industrial production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Growth, phytochemical parameters and glycyrrhizin production in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) grown in the field with saline water irrigation

    Hosseini M.S.Ebrahimi M.Kadkhodaei S.Abadia J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Salinity is a worldwide problem in crops that can be managed using salt-tolerant species. Wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.), a genus of the Fabaceae family that is considered medicinal and contains many secondary metabolites, including the triterpenoid glycyrrhizin, can grow in saline conditions. The effects of irrigating five different field-grown genotypes of Glycyrrhiza glabra with two levels of salinity (75/37.5/37.5 and 150/75/75 mM NaCl/CaCl2/MgSO4) have been studied, looking at some plant physiological and biochemical characteristics. Salinity led to decreases in leaf and root biomass and leaf relative water content, increases in leaf antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and polyphenol oxidase), and increases in osmolyte levels (soluble sugars, glycine betaine and proline) in leaves and roots. Salinity caused decreases in root glycyrrhizin concentrations in three of the genotypes and in glycyrrhizin contents in all of them (decreases ranging from 26% to 73% with intense salinity), likely as a result of the large decreases in root biomass. The glycyrrhizin content was only moderately affected by salinity in one of the genotypes (‘Kerman’). In this salinity-tolerant genotype, the expression of some glycyrrhizin biosynthesis genes (bAS, SQS1, SQS2, CYP72A154, CYP88D6 and UGT73) was increased by salinity, but this did not result in increases in glycyrrhizin contents. These results indicate that the genetic background of licorice affects glycyrrhizin contents and its response to salinity stress, and also that one of the genotypes studied can be used by farmers in soils affected by salinity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Evaluation of yield and agronomic components by triallel cross and selection of high essential oil yielding hybrids in Basil

    Lal R.K.Mishra A.Gupta P.Chanotiya C.S....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The basil (genus Ocimum) is a medicinal and fragrant herb or shrub with a wide range of applications as an ornamental plant, culinary ingredient, flavoring agent, and bioactive fragrance ingredient in foods cosmetics, and household items. Basil essential oil is in high demand, especially for novel high-quality oils with distinct aromas and chemical properties. The objectives of this study were, i) to increase the essential oil yield of better quality by gathering different genes responsible for the above economic characters scattered among different genotypes belonging to the same species or in other species of basil, and ii) the estimation of nature and amount of different genetic parameters. In the Ocimum, the single crosses and their corresponding three-way crosses/hybrids developed during the cropping season 2017–18 (single crosses) and 2018–2019 (three-way crosses). The three-way crosses/hybrids were evaluated in the field experimental trials during the 2019–20 at the CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow (India) research farm. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) worked out for general and specific line effects for the eleven traits, and they were found highly significant for all the eleven traits. All the three-way crosses exhibited high variations for oil yield and yield contributing characters. For all eleven attributes, the additive genetic components of variance (σ2A) were higher than the dominant genetic components of variance (σ2 D), indicating that selection is simple for these attributes. For all the traits in the study, additive × dominance (σ2AD) gene action was higher than additive × additive (σ2AA), and dominance × dominance (σ2 DD), indicating that epistasis component of variance was present. Based on the genetic components of variance and mean performance of oil yield, only two tri-hybrids, C46.1 and C35.1, for the high oil yield and linalool (%), tri-hybrids C14.5 and C24.3 (47.13%), were found better. One tri-hybrid rich in Chavibetol, C26.1 (14.58%), is also selected for the extensive area cultivation in the North Indian plain. In addition, the three-way cross can combine desirable features from three genotypes into a single genotype. In conventional plant breeding, by a three-way cross design, the hybrids can be improved by crossing between an F1 (single cross) (A×B) as a female parent and a genotype (C) as the male parent. The essential oil of promising Ocimum tri-hybrids indicates aromatic compounds, such as methyl chavicol, linalool, β-ocimene, Chavibetol, and camphor content are present in adequate amounts. It is the first report using a triallel mating design in the basil. These tri-hybrids can be recommended for cultivation on a large scale.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin

    Darmawan M.A.Ramadhani N.H.Hubeis N.A.Ramadhan M.Y.A....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 The AuthorsSun protection agents from natural materials have a lower risk of side effects. This study evaluated the effect of lignosulfonate addition to increase the quality and SPF value of tengkawang butter. The sunscreen formulation is made with a mixture of tengkawang butter as the primary ingredient of sunscreen and lignosulfonate as a natural activating agent. Variations in lignosulfonate types (Ca-Lignosulfonate, Mg-Lignosulfonate, and Na-Lignosulfonate) and concentration (1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w) were used in this study. The results show the addition of Ca, Mg, and Na-lignosulfonate has reduced the acidity of tengkawang butter from 4.795 ± 0.125 mg NaOH/g sample to 3.28 ± 0.13, 3.18 ± 0.28, and 2.39 ± 0.28 mg NaOH/g sample, respectively. The peroxide number of tengkawang butter was also reduced with the addition of Ca, Mg, and Na-lignosulfonate from 3.68 ± 0.73 meq O2/kg sample to 3.59 ± 0.62, 3.62 ± 0.67 and, 3.59 ± 0.52 meq O2 /kg sample, respectively. The results showed that adding 10% (w/w) Ca-lignosulfonate, Mg-lignosulfonate and Na-lignosulfonate increased the SPF value of tengkawang butter from 4.04 ± 0.12–13.12 ± 0.26 (224%), 13.05 ± 0.11 (223%), and 16.98 ± 0.95 (320%), respectively. The increase of SPF value has a relationship with the chromophore compounds in lignin. The results of this study can be used as a cosmetic formulation with high SPF to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Study on the tension and compression stress-strain relationship of Phyllostachys Edulis bamboo parallel to the grain

    Zhou X.Liu P.Zhou Q.Xiang P....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Phyllostachys edulis (P. edulis) bamboo is a natural, renewable and environmentally protective building material that has broad application prospects in sustainable developments. A better understanding of the constitutive relationship of bamboo is the basis of bamboo structure analysis. However, the constitutive relationship of bamboo has not yet been proposed. To establish the bamboo material constitutive relationship, this paper conducted bamboo compressive and tensile tests parallel to the grain, and the relationship between the compressive and tensile properties parallel to the grain and the height of the specimen, the thickness of the wall, the circumference and the density was analyzed. The failure process and form of bamboo were analyzed, and the relationship between the performance indicators of the stress-strain curve and various parameters was studied. Finally, the stress-strain constitutive relationship and damage constitutive relationship of bamboo material were proposed. The results show that density is the most relevant parameter to mechanical properties of original bamboo parallel to the grain. The elastic model, the Sargin model, the Weibull model and the Lognormal model were used as the constitutive models of the tensile and compressive stress-strain relationship of original bamboo along-grain, and the rising and falling segments of compressive damage stress-strain relationship along-grain. The coefficient of determination for fitting between the parameters of the constitutive model and the density reaches 0.586–0.982. The constitutive relationship proposed in this paper has high accuracy, which will provide a reference for finite element analysis of original bamboo structures.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Starch films containing starch nanoparticles as produced in a single step green route

    Bernardo C.N.Simao R.A.Kling I.C.S.Ferreira W.H....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Thermoplastic starch films with glycerol and nanoparticles were prepared from regular cornstarch in a single and quick step using the green chemical principle. Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were produced by nanoprecipitation with the addition of ethanol as nonsolvent to the hot and room temperature polymeric dispersion. Contact angle increased from 41°, for the control sample, to 67°, for the film produced with glycerol as a plasticizer and by adding alcohol to the hot polymeric dispersion, which indicated a significant decrease in hydrophilicity. SNPs acted as a reinforcing agent and the mechanical properties varied as a function of the presence of plasticizer. Films prepared without glycerol were more rigid presenting the highest Young's modulus (E = 3640 ± 209 MPa) and the lowest elongation at break (εmax), whereas the films prepared with glycerol were more flexible with the lowest E value and higher εmax around 23%.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The use of cellulose fiber from office waste paper to improve the thermal insulation-related property of konjac glucomannan/starch aerogel

    Wu K.Wu H.Wang R.Yan X....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The development of eco-friendly thermal insulation material composed of recyclable wastes contributes to enhancing environmental sustainability with less pollution. In this study, polysaccharide-based aerogels with improved thermal insulation property were obtained by using konjac glucomannan, starch, and office waste paper cellulose fiber (WPCF) via sol-gel and freeze-drying method. The obtained aerogels had a bulk density of 30.1–44.9 mg/cm3, a porosity of 95.1–97.0%. Results revealed that increased WPCF addition did not impact the thermal stability, but improved the sol stability, reduced the pore size, strengthened the mechanical property, and lowered the hygroscopicity of the aerogels, benefiting practical application. Although WPCF solids showed a high thermal conductivity, increased WPCF addition at 0.1–0.5 wt% reduced the aerogel thermal conductivity, which was explained by the longer heat path and less heat convention. Further higher WPCF addition at 0.5–1.5 wt% increased the aerogel thermal conductivity as the heat conduction of solid matrix was increased and the heat convection was strengthened. Therefore, the lowest thermal conductivity (0.0335 Wm?1 K?1) of the aerogel was reached at the optimized WPCF addition of 0.5 wt%. This work showed the high potential of the WPCF to be used to strengthen the thermal insulation property of polysaccharide-based aerogels.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Chicoric acid biosynthesis during seed germination provides purple coneflower with better allelochemical

    Xiang Y.Zhang Y.Fu R.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Known as a bioactive compound with various biological functions for plants and humans, chicoric acid is the major secondary metabolite presented in the whole plant of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench). It is synthesized from caftaric acid and chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoyl quinic acid) by a special acyltransferase. Interestingly, the relative contents of chicoric acid and its two substrates in seeds were different from those of other tissues. The diversity mechanism of these chemicals and the underlying physiological significance remain unknown. Here, through a non-target metabolomic analysis, significant metabolic shifts, especially the dynamics of the contents of chicoric acid and its two substrates, were observed during the seed germination process. The contents of caftaric acid and chicoric acid kept on increasing after sprout, while chlorogenic acid decreased and converted to chicoric acid. Accordingly, the structural genes responsible for the biosynthesis of caftaric acid and chicoric acid were upregulated since sprout, just a little head of accumulation of chemicals. The upstream biosynthetic genes providing essential precursor caffeoyl CoA was also induced since sprout explain the increase of the sum of these compounds. Interestingly, during the seed germination process, chicoric acid was secreted into the culture medium and showed a more substantial growth inhibition effect on A. thaliana than its two substrates, indicating the significance of its biosynthesis. In summary, these results demonstrate the metabolic change and its biological meaning during the germination process of purple coneflower seeds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Torrefaction pretreatment facilitated solvents-resistant and stable wood-plastic composites

    Lu W.Yu W.Han X.Cai H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Solvents-resistant and stable wood-plastic composites have been successfully obtained via combined torrefaction pretreatment, extrusion, and injection molding processes that applied torrefied sweet sorghum slag (SS) fibers as reinforcing fillers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as thermoplastic polymer matrices. Comparing with intact SS fibers, torrefaction pretreatment caused deacetylation and severe decomposition of hemicellulose (decomposed nearly 95% under 300 °C) in SS fibers, which was favorable for the formation of porous structures on the surface of SS fibers and the increase in their hydrophobicity. Thus the resultant composites exhibited enhanced mechanical properties (max tensile strength of ~24.84 MPa, flexural strength of ~32.63 MPa, and toughness of ~2.50 MJ/10?3), and promising solvents resistance (e.g., H2O, acid, alkali, salt, and ethanol) and stabilities (e.g., thermal, and dynamic mechanical stabilities). The mechanical strength retention rates of HDPE/torrefied SS (300 °C) composites maintained above 95% after socking in common solvents for 7 days. Moreover, torrefaction took advantages of short processing time, energy-saving, low-cost, and high mass yield when compared to the traditional carbonization, which paved an efficient and scalable biomass fibers pretreatment strategy to construct highly stable wood-plastic composites and extended their application areas like constructing materials and some extreme circumstances.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Lysozymes from natural rubber latex (Hevea brasiliensis): Assay development and recovery using ammonium sulphate and surfactant precipitations

    Seng Y.Y.Yun C.T.Wong F.W.F.Abdullah N....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To date, the C-serum and the bottom fraction of natural rubber latex (NRL) are still generally being considered as waste. However, they are rich sources of lysozyme, which is a bacteriolytic enzyme that has huge potential for biotechnological exploitations. So far, there are no reports on lysozyme recovery for the valorisation of NRL by-products. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) develop and validate a lysozyme assay based on the lysoplate method using the cloudy NRL sample and Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells and (2) recover lysozyme from the NRL fractions using ammonium sulphate ([NH4]2SO4) precipitation (direct and fractional modes) and the novel sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) surfactant precipitation. The assay developed in this study was high in both accuracy (97.54%) and precision (13.61% relative standard deviation). The detection and quantification limits, as well as the linearity range of the assay were 0.13 U/mL, 0.04 U/mL and 0-10,445.40 U/mL, respectively. As for the lysozyme recovery from the C-serum of NRL, the performance of the AOT precipitation via negative mode (activity recovery [AR] = 67.29%; purification factor [PF] = 2.42) was comparable (p > 0.05) to that of (NH4)2SO4 precipitation (direct mode: AR = 88.44%, PF = 2.18; fractional mode: AR = 95.44%, PF = 3.05). Meanwhile, for the lysozyme recovery from the bottom fraction of NRL, the AOT precipitation (AR = 71.94%; PF = 1.73) was shown to be superior than (NH4)2SO4 precipitation (direct mode: AR = 25.68%, PF = 3.23; fractional mode: AR = 27.88%, PF = 12.87). Hence, considering its effectiveness, simplicity, rapidity, as well as its great potential to be integrated with rubber product manufacturing, the AOT precipitation is an attractive alternative recovery method for lysozyme recovery from NRL. The findings described herein are significant for the development of a downstream processing scheme for lysozyme recovery from NRL.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier