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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Widely targeted metabolic, physical and anatomical analyses reveal diverse defensive strategies for pseudobulbs and succulent roots of orchids with industrial value

    Li J.-W.Zhang Z.-B.Zhang S.-B.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Storage in pseudobulbs and succulent roots is vulnerable to attack from herbivores while play an important role in industrial utilization of orchids. However, we know little about the defensive strategies of pseudobulbs and succulent roots. Here, we characterized the possible physical and chemical defenses of pseudobulbs and succulent roots of five orchids with industrial value (Bletilla striata, Dendrobium chrysotoxum, Cymbidium tracyanum, C. sinense, and Acampe rigida) using X-ray micro-computerized tomography scanning and optical microscope observation as well as widely targeted metabolic profiling. We found that pseudobulbs and succulent roots of different orchid species combine different physical and chemical defensive strategies, and the relationship between defense and storage functions depend on species and age. Of the pseudobulbs of five species, C. tracyanum recruited the strongest defensive strategies, consisting of a thick epidermis, larger proportion of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals, and higher content of alkaloids and quinones. The pseudobulbs of C. sinense had a higher proportion of vascular bundle, and those B. striata had the strongest tissue biomechanical resistance. However, pseudobulbs of D. chrysotoxum were the most vulnerable to herbivores with relatively higher nutrient content and weaker defensive protection. For the succulent roots of five species, A. rigida had the strongest storage ability, and correspondingly the most chemical defensive components, while a thicker velamen and higher proportion of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals were found in the roots of C. tracyanum and C. sinense respectively. Our results suggest that diverse combinations of defensive strategies play a role protecting pseudobulbs and succulent roots of orchids from biotic stress. These findings contribute to the cultivation management of orchids with industrial value.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Energy performances of molded charcoals from bamboo and Chinese fir blends: influence of pyrolysis temperatures and residence times

    Gao Q.Feng Z.Yang J.Ni L....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperatures and residence times on the fuel characteristics of mixed-biomass molded charcoals, the waste of bamboo and Chinese fir were uniformly mixed to briquettes, which were further carbonized to molded charcoals under various pyrolysis conditions. It was concluded that the molded charcoals demonstrated desirable properties of solid fuel, including a high heating value of 32.65–33.85 MJ/kg, an energy enrichment factor (EEF) of 1.65–1.71, a calorific value improvement (CVI) of 64.73–70.79%, an energy yield (EY) of 44.77–48.73% and a fuel ratio (FR) of 3.94–13.34. Pyrolysis temperatures had a more significant impact on fuel characteristics than residence times. The content of volatile matters, H/C, O/C, EEF, CVI, EY, and activation energy decreased as pyrolysis temperatures and residence times increased. In contrast, the content of fixed carbon (FC), carbon (C), ash, carbon densification factor (CDF), and fuel ratio (FR) increased. The combustion of molded charcoals mainly occurred at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 550 °C. As pyrolysis temperatures increased, the combustion process shifted to the high-temperature zone, decreasing the combustion reaction.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Combined effect of enzyme co-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and ultrasound for effective extraction and purification of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa

    Patil S.S.Rathod V.K.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The present work emphasizes co-immobilization of enzymes (glucoamylase and α-amylase) on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent for the pre-treatment of Curcuma longa powder. The co-immobilization process was optimized under various processing parameters to retain the maximum activity of both the enzymes in their co-immobilized system. The maximum activity recovery for both enzymes was obtained at MNPs to enzyme ratio of 1:4 and 60 mM glutaraldehyde concentration in 120 min of cross-linking time. Synthesized MNPs were characterized before and after co-immobilization using various methods. The synthesized enzymes@AMNPs have appeared spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 100 nm. The prepared biocatalyst also possesses super magnetic property with saturation magnetization (Ms) of 36.1 emu/g. Further, the combined effect of prepared biocatalyst and low power ultrasound was used to pre-treat the turmeric root powder for curcuminoids extraction. The synergistic effect enhances the extraction yield by 1.3–1.5 fold under the optimized solvent extraction process compared to the individual approach. The curcuminoids were separated using crystallization, which resulted in 54% (w/w) isolation with 91% purity of curcuminoids. Finally, the prepared biocatalyst showed excellent reusability up to 10 cycles with almost 50% activity and retained more than 95% activity when stored for up to 30 days.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Oil produced from Ghana cocoa bean for potential industrial applications

    Tulashie S.K.Dodoo D.Appiah G.Kotoka F....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) oil is a promising intermediate cocoa product with few research demonstrating its potential for the direct production of industrial cocoa products. This study highlights the extraction and characterisations of oil obtained from the Ghana cocoa bean crop to evaluate its suitability for industrial applications. A solvent extraction method was employed to extract the oil at variable extraction temperatures and times. Kinetic and thermodynamic models were adopted to study the oil's extraction at varying temperatures and times. The maximum yield of the oil (21.62%) was reached at the highest temperature, 333 K (at 130 min), following first-order kinetics. The mass transfer (km) and regression coefficient (r2) were 0.0389 ± 0.0045 min?1 and 0.9993 ± 0.0005, respectively. The activation energy (Ea), entropy change (ΔS), equilibrium constant (K), and enthalpy change (ΔH) were 15.57 kJ mol?1, 276.13 J/(mol K)?1, 5.64, and 78.11 kJ mol?1, respectively. The activation enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy (ΔS*), and Gibb's free energy (ΔG*) were 12.87 ± 0.05 kJ mol?1, ? 258.88 ± 0.17 J/(mol K)?1 and 97.13 ± 1.67 kJ mol?1, respectively, favouring a forward, irreversible, endothermic, and spontaneous extraction. The major fatty acids identified in the oil were stearic acid (37%), oleic acid (34%), and palmitic acid (26%). The iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value, unsaponification value, and free fatty acids of the oil were below the recommended standards acceptable for industrial applications. Differential scanning calorimetry–thermal gravimetric studies showed that the oil was thermally stable at high temperatures until thermal decomposition occurred around 260 °C. The oil's oxidation was monitored with computational modelling and Fourier infrared red spectroscopy, which found the oil highly stable despite the thermal extraction.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The effects of methyl jasmonate on growth, gene expression and metabolite accumulation in Isatis indigotica Fort.

    Liu R.Wang Z.Zheng J.Xu Z....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays important roles on growth, gene expression and metabolite accumulation in plants. In this study, the physiological and biochemical characteristics, transcriptome and metabolome profiles of Isatis indigotica Fort., responded to MeJA were explored. Under the treatment, the contents of dry matter, chlorophyll and carotenoids increased significantly, while the water content did not. And the contents of soluble protein, flavonoid and lignin were also raised significantly, but the soluble sugar decreased. Besides, the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), lipoxygenase (LOX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, showing certain resistance characteristics of this plant. Based on RNA-seq, 31,769 unigenes were functionally annotated, and 2725 differential expressed genes (DEGs) identified. Among them, 57 DEGs covered most of the catalytic steps in general biosynthesis pathways of jasmonic acid, glucosinolates and phenylpropanoid. Referring to the metabolomics analysis, 175 significant differential metabolites were detected by GC-MS, combined with LC-MS method. Moreover, 53 differential metabolites were identified by the multivariate statistical analysis, mainly enriched in 37 different metabolic pathways, with most differential metabolites found in phenylalanine metabolism pathway. The results provided the comprehensive analysis on growth, transcriptome and metabolite profiles responded to MeJA, and gave new insights into revealing and enriching the functions of MeJA, contributing to explore the key genes and their functions on growth and metabolite accumulation and regulation process in I. indigotica.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dehydration characteristics and evolution of physicochemical properties of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq. A.DC.) roots (PGR) during pulse-spouted microwave vacuum drying (PSMVD)

    Liu Y.-Y.Lv W.-Q.Shang N.Li D....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq. A.DC.) root (PGR) is a famous edible and medicinal herb which contains lots of bioactive components that were beneficial for people health. Drying process is a necessary post-harvest technology for fresh PGR to lower the moisture content and extend shelf-life of PGR. But it also causes irregular cellular deformation and dynamically changing viscoelastic properties of PGR, which are critical for the drying kinetics and the quality attributes of materials. Herein, it is essential to understand the micro-level cellular changes, viscoelastic properties, and their relationship with the moisture loss during drying. PGR slices at different drying stages were investigated for the evolution of physicochemical properties (moisture changes, micro-level cellular attributes, and viscoelastic properties) and their correlations during pulse-spouted microwave vacuum drying (PSMVD). Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF ?NMR) results showed that the removal of moisture from the PGR mainly depends on the loss of free water instead of bound water. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the uniform removal of water from PGR slices during PSMVD process. As the drying proceeding from stage I to V, irregular cellular enlargement and intracellular cavities appeared in the tissues of PGR slices, and the fractal dimension (Df) values of PGR slices increased from 1.62 to 2.08. Through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), both the equilibrium modulus (Ee) and viscosity (μ0) exhibited a descending trend first then ascending trend, indicating that the hardness and stiffness of PGR slices were decreased first then increased during PSMVD process. This study further established the correlation of microcellular structure and viscoelastic properties with moisture loss during PSMVD process. Thus, this work identified the evolution of physicochemical properties of PGR during PSMVD process and future would help to build a predicted machanic model for the material deformation during drying.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A nitrogen-doped carbon dots based fluorescent nanosensor for sensitive assay of Fe3+ ions in Dioscorea opposita Thunb

    Zhang X.Fu L.Hou Y.Long N....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Trace detection of Fe3+ ions in complex matrices requires the development of highly sensitive sensors. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) with admirable fluorescence efficiency, high photostability, and good biocompatibility have drawn special interest in fluorescent sensing of metal ions. In this work, a facile and economical microwave-assisted strategy was introduced for rapid synthesis of green fluorescence N-CDs, which were comprehensively characterized to display excitation-dependent fluorescent behavior with a high quantum yield of 18.1%, as well as good water solubility and high selectivity to Fe3+ ions. Then, a N-CDs based fluorescent “on-off” nanosensor was successfully fabricated for sensitive assay of Fe3+ ions. In the presence of Fe3+ ions, fluorescence of N-CDs was remarkably quenched due to the formation of N-CDs/Fe3+ complex through static quenching mechanism. Under the optimized synthetic and sensing conditions, the newly-developed nanosensor was free from other interfering metal ions for selective detection Fe3+ ions ranging from 1.0 to 80.0 μM with a low limit of detection of 1.0 μM, which are comparable with other methods. Practical application in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. samples exhibited fascinating recoveries of 98.5%?109.2% with relative standard deviations lower than 4.7%. The N-CDs based fluorescent nanosensor with simple construction, high selectivity and extremely sensitivity contributed a promising tool for rapid and environmental-friendly assay of Fe3+ions in a large number of actual samples.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Separation of surface sediments generated during the pre-hydrolysis via an efficient solvent dissolution and its physicochemical characterization

    Li H.Shi H.Guo Y.Jia W....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This study shows the successful separation of sediments formed by “sticky substances” during the pre-hydrolysis. And the separated sediments were characterized with FTIR, GPC, Elemental analysis and TGA. The results showed that γ-valerolactone has the desired ability to dissolve the sediments out of pretreated wood chips at room temperature, even for the case of high severity pretreatment condition (P factor 1457) which is confirmed by the quantification of separated substances (γ-valerolactone > 1,4-dioxane > absolute ethanol) and SEM observation. The main components of the collected sediments on the surface of wood chips are condensed lignin-like substances. The amount, carbon content and molecular weight (306 < P-factor < 1000) of the sediments are positively correlated with the intensity of pretreatment. Meanwhile, the colloidal particle size was utilized to indicate the condensation of dissolved lignin with intensifying the severity of pretreatment that is consistent with the molecular weight of collected sediments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transcriptome sequencing with nanopore technology for acquiring a deeper understanding of abscisic acid regulation of secondary mechanisms in Salvia miltiorrhiza

    Kuang X.Sun S.Li Y.Zhang H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in mediating plant responses to environmental stresses. As a part of the stress response, the biosynthesis of certain secondary metabolites can be triggered by ABA. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a well-known medicinal plant that produces many biologically active components, such as tanshinones and salvianolic acid B. In this study, for the first time, we investigated S. miltiorrhiza transcriptome variations in response to ABA treatment by using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT). More than 76 Gb of clean ONT reads were generated from twelve cDNA libraries, and a total of 22,233 genes were detected. The expression pattern of approximately 50% of these genes was changed upon ABA induction, including most genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and ABA signal transduction, which suggests that in plants, multiple ABA signaling-induced cellular processes respond in a coordinated fashion to environmental stress. In addition, in S. miltiorrhiza leaves, ABA can change alternative splicing outputs mainly by reducing intron retention (IR) events through posttranscriptional splicing, which can quickly enhance protein biosynthesis to help plants cope with environmental stresses. Interestingly, ABA can upregulate the expression of genes involved in salvianolic acid biosynthesis but exerts a lesser effect on tanshinone biosynthesis, which indicates the different roles of these two classes of metabolites in response to environmental stresses. A better understanding of the ABA regulatory mechanism and ABA-triggered secondary metabolism will boost our ability to improve herb quality through molecular-assisted breeding, abiotic stress management and chemical manipulation with ABA-based bioactive agents.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Curcumin micronization by supercritical fluid: In vitro and in vivo biological relevance

    Sachett A.Benvenutti R.Marcon M.Piato A....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), is shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, its low bioavailability is a limitation for its potential adoption as a therapeutic agent. The process of micronization can overcome this barrier by reducing the particle size and increasing the dissolution rate, potentially improving the bioavailability of the compounds of interest. In this study, we compared the in vitro antioxidant effects of curcumin (CUR) and micronized curcumin (MC) and studied their effects on behavioral and neurochemical parameters in zebrafish submitted to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS). MC was processed by the solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) technique obtaining a particle average size of 2.29 μm (8 MPa and 35 °C), which means a reduction of 5.4 times. MC (1 g/L) presented higher antioxidant activity in vitro as compared to CUR, as measured by iron-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2–2-picyryl-hydrazyl radical removal (DPPH), and deoxyribose tests. UCS increased total distance traveled in the social interaction test (SI), while decreased crossings, time, and entries to the top area in the novel tank test (NTT). No effects of UCS were observed in the open tank test (OTT). The behavioral effects induced by UCS were not blocked by any curcumin preparation. UCS also decreased non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels, while increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels on zebrafish brain. MC presented superior antioxidant properties than CUR in vivo, blocking the stress-induced neurochemical effects. Although this study did not measure the concentration of curcumin on the zebrafish brain, our results suggest that micronization increases the bioavailability of curcumin, potentiating its antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. Our study also demonstrates that counteracting the oxidative imbalance induced by UCS is not sufficient to block its behavioral effects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier