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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Biobased rigid polyurethane foam using gradient acid precipitated lignin from the black liquor: Revealing the relationship between lignin structural features and polyurethane performances

    Cao H.Liu R.Li B.Yang Y....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Rigid polyurethane foams (RPFs) are a type of versatile polymers with a variety of applications, which can be produced by condensation polymerization of isocyanates with renewable polyols that are derived from biomass materials. This study investigates the characteristics of bio-sourced synthesized RPF using lignin fractionated from the alkaline black liquor of corn stover. GPC, FTIR, TGA, 2D-HSQC, and 31P NMR were used to characterize the isolated lignin specimens. The fractionated lignin specimens were then pre-polymerized followed by using them as the substitutes of RPFs. The characterization and properties of the RPFs substituted with the isolated lignins were analyzed. Compared with other lignin specimens, the specimen isolated in pH range of 5.5–2.0 afforded to higher compressive strength (0.39 ± 0.01 MPa), lower apparent density (41.35 ± 0.21 kg m-3), lower thermal conductivity (0.043 ± 0.0012 W m-1 K-1), and better thermal stability of the RPF product. In addition, the relationships between structural features of lignin specimens and the properties of the RPFs were investigated. Results show the content of β-O-4 bond inner lignin structure was the main factor that affected on the thermal conductivity of RPF, while a higher hydroxyl groups content in lignin would largely improve the compressive strength and leading to the reduction of the apparent density. This research helps to comprehensively understand the features of lignin on RPF's performance, providing a new method for its functionalization which is significant in their commercialization.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The singular and combined effects of drought and copper stresses on the morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, essential oils yield and copper concentration of Fumaria parviflora Lam.

    Tashakorizadeh M.Vahabi M.R.Golkar P.Mahdavian K....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.High concentrations of copper (Cu) can be extremely toxic for plant growth. Drought stress is also considered as a major environmental tension, as it reduces vegetative growth in medicinal plants. This study evaluated the singular and combined effects of several Cu concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300, and 400 mg kg?1) and various drought stresses (non-stress, moderate, and severe) on the different vegetative traits, photosynthetic pigments, essential oils (EOs) yield, and Cu accumulation (in roots, shoots, and distilled plant material) of Fumaria parviflora Lam. under field conditions. The seeds were collected from four zones (Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4) located in two mineral regions (Askari and Rabor) of Kerman, Iran. Drought and Cu, both independently and combined, suppressed plant growth by decreasing different vegetative growth parameters. The Cu concentration of 50 mg kg?1 yielded the highest values in all morphological traits and photosynthetic pigments. These included the dry weight and length of both shoot and root, chlorophyll content under non-drought stress, and carotenoid content under moderate drought stress. The growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments of F. parviflora declined sharply at Cu concentrations of 300 and 400 mg kg ?1. The highest EOs yield (0.56% v/w) was obtained by applying 150 mg kg?1 Cu under moderate drought stress conditions in zones Z3 and Z4. In the distilled plant material, Cu concentration was almost similar to its concentration in shoots before the distillation process. Under moderate drought and up to a Cu concentration of 150 mg kg?1, the shoot growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments were slightly less than the control. Moreover, the EOs yield was at its highest, and Cu was mainly accumulated in the roots and only slightly transferred to the shoot. Therefore, to use the shoot and EOs of F.parviflora for medicinal purposes, it is recommended that this plant be cultivated under moderate drought in stressed soils at a maximum copper concentration of 150 mg kg?1.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Potential use of polyploid eucalypt in forestry

    da Silva Souza T.Techio V.H.Ramalho M.A.P.Muniz F.R....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Polyploidy induction has been used as a strategy to select new clones, potentially increasing the genetic progress obtained by eucalypt breeding in Brazil. Genetic variation occurs among polyploids produced by the chromosome duplication of a diploid clone, which can affect their performance. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of polyploid eucalypt clones under field conditions to verify if they are more adapted and stable for forest exploration and if polyploid performance depends on its diploid. The evaluations were performed on 80 synthetic tetraploid clones obtained, in equal number, from two diploid clones of E. grandis x E. urophylla hybrids. The experiments were conducted in four environments in S?o Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul States, Brazil. Measurements of DBH (diameter at breast height) and MAI (mean annual increment) of three-year-old trees were taken. Results showed that few polyploid clones showed similar performance to their diploid of origin. On average, the diploid clone A showed performance 41.1% higher than that presented by its polyploids and the diploid clone B presented performance 75.7% higher than that obtained by the polyploids originated from it, in MAI. The clones x environments interaction was relatively expressive, although predominantly simple in many cases, indicating that the ranking of clones was similar among the evaluated sites. More adapted and stable clones were identified, although in most cases their performances were lower than diploids. The performance of polyploid clones was not affected by the performance of their diploid. The results found were important and indicate that the selection of polyploids that outperform diploid clones should be pursued, although there are still many questions regarding the use of polyploidy in eucalypt breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Systematic analysis and comparison of ABC proteins superfamily confer structural, functional and evolutionary insights into four cotton species

    Afzal Malik W.Chen X.Cui R.Lu X....
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCTs) is one of the largest gene superfamily comprising of integral membrane proteins that are ubiquitously found in all domains of life and implicated in ATP dependent active transport of ligands across the concentration gradient. We present here the identification and distribution of ABC proteins from seven plant species into four groups (Full, Half, Quarter and ABC2 molecules), eight families (ABCA to ABCG and ABCI) and twelve sub families (MDR, PDR, MRP, PMP, AOH, ATH, ATM, TAP, WBC, RLI, GCN and NAP) based on topology, orientation, size, and phylogenetic relationships with main focus on four cotton species especially tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) encoding 320 ORFs. Dynamics of complex formation of structurally characterized ABCTs from each subfamily shows their kinetic and molecular mechanisms to combine the ATP hydrolysis and binding for substrate translocation, portraying a "structure to function relationship". Analysis of protein motif and genomic organizations displayed structural and functional conservation within same subfamily but diverged among the different subfamilies. Abundance of small sized single ABCs signifies the higher gene death/birth rate and ongoing evolution for functional advancements and environmental adaptability. Gene duplication relationship analysis illustrates the major role of tandem and segmental duplication in large scale expansion of ABC gene family in mentioned species. The overall Ka/Ks ratio indicated the intense purifying selection of ABC genes in four cotton species during evolution. In addition, tissue specific expression profiling, abiotic stress resistance and Co-expression networking of GhABCs infers their role in diverse range of molecular, cellular and biological processes. Cis-elements and gene enrichments also supported their predicted roles in substrates translocation, xenobiotic detoxi?cation, lipid metabolism, hormonal and abiotic stresses responses. Forward and reverse genetics along with evolutionary trajectories, structural dynamics and validated expression profiling will provide much-needed clarity and a qualitative molecular framework for future research. This study will further broaden our insights into the evolution and functional elucidation of ABC gene family in cotton.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Labdane and isopimarane diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis solid wastes: MS/MS spectrometric fragmentations and neuroprotective effect

    Chen X.Zhang R.Luo Q.Chen J....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The aim of this study was to purify and identify new types of secondary products from Rosmarinus officinalis solid wastes after essential oil been extracted, further study their MS/MS spectrometric fragmentations and evaluate their cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Six labdane diterpenoids, five isopimarane diterpenoids and two ferulic acid esters were obtained in which three labdane diterpenoids and four isopimarane diterpenoids were undescribed compounds. The losses of hydroxyl, tigloyl, 2-methy-butanoyl, acetyl and carbonyl groups or side chains were the main elimination modes of the new compounds in MS/MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 6, 10 and 12 showed the ability to protect the cells against oxidative injure whose cell viability rates were more than 65% in the concentration of 1 or 25 μM respectively. These studies broadened the understanding of secondary products of rosemary and promoted the deep developments and utilizations of rosemary after essential oil been extracted.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of fructooligosaccharide and soybean protein isolate in the microencapsulation of walnut oil

    Lin D.Xiao L.Li S.Qin W....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different proportions of fructooligosaccharide/soy isolate protein as wall materials on the physical properties and structural characterization of walnut oil microcapsules. Different ratios of oligofructose/soy protein isolate microcapsules were prepared to encapsulate walnut oil. The protective effect of microcapsules on walnut oil was evaluated by accelerated oxidation experiment. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that fructooligosaccharide had no effect on the two-level structure of soy protein isolate, but its encapsulation efficiency could be improved by reducing the particle size of the emulsion and increasing the viscosity of the emulsion. In addition, fructooligosaccharide can improve the encapsulation efficiency by maintaining the structure of the protein during the freeze-drying process. The addition of fructooligosaccharide reduces the water content and hygroscopicity of the microcapsules. The accelerated oxidation results show that microencapsulation can significantly improve the oxidation stability of walnut oil. After accelerated oxidation, the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value of walnut oil in the control group were significantly higher than those of microencapsulated walnut oil (p < 0.05). The peroxide value of unencapsulated walnut oil is 2.8 times higher than that of encapsulated walnut oil. The results show that fructooligosaccharide/soy isolate protein could be used as the wall material of microcapsules to embed sensitive, active substances.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Interactions between second messengers, SA and MAPK6 signaling pathways lead to chitosan-induced lignan production in Linum album cell culture

    Samari E.Ghanati F.Sharifi M.Ahmadian Chashmi N....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Lignans along with their special ecological role in plants have received much attention in recent decades due to their anti-cancer properties. However, the mechanisms regulating their biosynthesis are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the potential role of certain signaling pathways and their relationships in regulating the biosynthesis of 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin (6MPTOX) through pharmacological approaches in chitosan-exposed Linum album cells. The HPLC results revealed that chitosan (100 mg L?1) induces 6MPTOX biosynthesis. Chitosan also elevated the content of second messengers cytosolic free Ca2+, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) by activating plasma-membrane Ca2+ channels, NADPH oxidase and nitrate reductase (NR)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzymes, respectively. Co-application of chitosan with EGTA, W-7, imidazole, L-NAME and tungstate inhibitors diminished phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR) and 6MPTOX induction, indicating that Ca2+/CaM, H2O2 and NO are involved in regulating this biosynthetic pathway. Our data suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between chitosan-induced cytosolic free Ca2+ and H2O2 rising, while NO production is unilaterally regulated by Ca2+ and H2O2. Besides, we found that chitosan also increases salicylic acid (SA) content and correspondingly, exogenous SA stimulates 6MPTOX production by affecting PAL and PLR activity. The level of SA was mutually associated with cytosolic free Ca2+, H2O2 and NO. Real-time PCR results suggest that mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6) acts downstream of second messengers and SA signaling pathways, therefore, it can be a point of integration for signals modulating lignan biosynthesis. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the lignan biosynthesis regulation, wherein Ca2+/CaM, H2O2 and NO signals are mediated, amplified and converged by SA and MAPK6, and the information is passed on to potential downstream targets.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of hydroxyapatite and modified biochar derived from Camellia oleifera fruit shell on soil Cd contamination and N2O emissions

    Gao Y.Wang B.Luo L.Shad N....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Heavy metal pollution and global climate change caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions are two important challenges to sustainable development. Various strategies have been implemented to mitigate both heavy metal pollution and global climate change, including the use of biochar obtained from biorefinery of agroforestry biowaste. This study was conducted to clarify how nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and soil cadmium (Cd) contamination respond to mitigation strategies, aiming to understand which strategy will be efficient in mitigating both N2O emissions and Cd contamination. Effects of three soil conditioners (biochar; modified biochar, MB; hydroxyapatite, HAP) and Cd on N2O emissions from acid soil of Camellia oleifera plantations with nitrogen, and microbial functional genes related to N2O productions were examined. The results showed that Cd was decreased by 73.4% and 64.9% by HAP in control and fertilized soil, respectively. HAP reduced both Cd and N2O emissions more efficient compare to MB and biochar, which strongly associated with increased pH. Soil N2O emissions from fertilized soil without Cd were reduced by 91.0%, 34.3% and 25.8% by HAP, MB and biochar, respectively. However, soil N2O emissions with Cd were reduced by 67.3% and 24.6% by HAP and MB, respectively, while they were increased by 56.7% by biochar. Cd inhibited N2O emissions, via decreasing abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in fertilized soil. Thereby, MB should be considered in amelioration of Cd-contaminated common soil, while HAP could be used in highly acid Cd-contaminated soil, which largely increase soil pH and simultaneously mitigated N2O emissions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) yield and its response to fertilization and planting density in China

    Wang J.Yang Y.Deng G.Du G....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Interest is growing worldwide to grow fiber hemp for innovative biomaterials while little information is available on the yield performance and agronomy of hemp. In the present study, the productivity of fiber hemp in response to fertilization and planting density was assessed at three sites in the main hemp-producing areas in China with locally bred cultivars in 2016 and 2017. The sites were Daqing in the north-east, Lu'an in the central-east, and Menghai in the south-west. At each site, the treatments were a factorial combination of three fertilization rates (300, 600, and 900 kg (N + P2O5 + K2O) per hectare), two NPK ratios (N:P2O5:K2O at the ratio of 3:1:2 and 4:1:2), and two planting densities (45 and 67.5 plants m?2). The harvested stem yield ranges were 9.0–12.2 Mg ha?1 in Daqing, 9.8–16.5 Mg ha?1 in Lu'an, and 5.2–15.1 Mg ha?1 in Menghai. Increasing the fertilization rate from 300 kg ha?1 to 900 kg ha?1 had little effect on the yields of stem, leaf and bark while it caused a decrease in the stem bark content in all sites. NPK ratio had a considerable effect on hemp stem yield, higher yield was achieved at 3:1:2 than 4:1:2. The effect of planting density on hemp yields varied among sites. Between the tested densities, the yields of biomass, stem and bark were higher at 45 plant m?2 in Menghai, at 67.5 plants m?2 in Lu'an while no significant difference was detected at Daqing. These results highlight the need to optimize fertilization and planting density according to environmental conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Miscanthus bioprocessing using HNO3-pretreatment to improve productivity and quality of bioethanol and downstream ethylene

    Skiba E.A.Budaeva V.V.Mironova G.F.Kortusov A.N....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Miscanthus, which can grow on marginal lands and capture CO2, has great potential as an industrial crop. A complete cycle to convert Miscanthus sacchariflorus, grown in Western Siberia (Russia), into bioethanol has successfully been implemented on a pilot scale and employed in downstream ethylene production for the first time. The Miscanthus bioprocessing technology involved mechanical comminution; HNO3-pretreatment; hydrolysis with commercial enzyme preparations CelloLux-A and BrewZyme BGX with cellulase–glucanase–xylanase action; pre-saccharification with substrate feed; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with delayed inoculation (dSSF) with non-GMO Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-1693 supplemented with or without (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4 and yeast extract; rectification; and alumina-catalyzed dehydration to ethylene. Here we discussed pulp reactivity, yield and composition of Miscanthus products at each step (including ethylene), and compared the quality of the bioethanol obtained in the study with published data. The pulp feeding from 80 to 100 g/L resulted in a bioethanol concentration of ~40 g/L. It is the HNO3 pretreatment that provided pure bioethanol with an impurity content as low as 6.5 g/L. Bioethanol (92%-w) contained ~0.85 g/L impurities, mainly n-propanol and isobutanol; the latter weakly influenced the catalyst activity in ethylene production. The supplement slightly increased the yields of bioethanol and fusel alcohols, thereby reduced the yield of byproducts and improved the ethylene quality. The achieved yields of bioethanol and ethylene were 260 L/ton and 115 kg/ton Miscanthus, respectively. The expected yield of absolute ethylene under pilot-scale conditions can be 122 kg/ton Miscanthus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier