查看更多>>摘要：Improvement of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality, hampered by historical genetic bottlenecks, may benefit from the use of chemical induced mutants that are largely free of linked unfavorable alleles often associated with the use of secondary and tertiary Gossypium gene pools. Two population were developed by intercrossing seven mutant lines with improved fiber quality, one (population R) focused on improving four fiber attributes (micronaire, length, strength and elongation) and the other (population S) to pyramid superior alleles for fiber length. The overall average of both populations was significantly improved for micronaire (lower), fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity and short fiber index compared with parental lines, with 39 lines in population R and 71 in population S showing significant improvement for four or more traits. Multiple lines in these populations showed improvement for all six fiber traits tested. Fiber length of populations S and R was signif-icantly higher than the original (non-mutated) parents (ACALA1517-99 and TAM94L25), local elite germplasm (GA230) and other commercial checks (DeltaPine 393 and Fiber Max 832). As expected, average fiber length of population S was significantly higher by 4.2% than population R. Surprisingly, population S was also signifi-cantly better than population R in micronaire, fiber strength, uniformity and short fiber content, adding further support to hypotheses about the complex nature of cotton fiber quantitative trait loci and the corollary that selection for one fiber quality trait may also increase values of other traits. New allele combinations from these mutant lines show promise for improving fiber qualities beyond the levels of current elite varieties.
Belhachemi, AsmaMaatoug, M. ' hamedCanela-Garayoa, Ramon
10页
查看更多>>摘要：The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) can vary from one plant to another of the same species and can be affected by several factors including the environment of growth. The research was carried out on the EOs of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves grown in three separate greenhouses differentiated by their low-density polyethylene (LDPE) covering material. This study aimed to compare the impact of the type of the greenhouse cover film on the internal microclimate, light intensity, and chemical composition of E. camaldulensis EOs. Eucalyptus species was initially cultivated from the seeds and the EOs were extracted from the leaves of 14 weeks aged trees. The extraction was performed by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted EOs were performed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The analyzed samples were rich in terpenes with a total of 66 identified compounds. The oxygenated monoterpenes pinocarvone and D-carvone were only identified in the essential oils from multilayered greenhouses. cis-1-Methyl -4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexen-l-ol was absent in eucalyptus EOs from the three-layer greenhouse, unlike the others that had it. Different compound contents were detected in the extracted essential oils, according to their greenhouse cover conditions. 1,8-Cineol was the compound present in a higher amount as expected, with the highest value of c.a 164.78 mg/g(dw) from the leaves of E. camaldulensis cultivated in the ordinary greenhouse. Contents of 51.55 mg/g(dw) and 42.11 mg/g(dw) were obtained from E. camaldulensis cultivated in the three-layers and monolayer greenhouses, respectively. In contrast, the EOs of E. camaldulensis grown under the monolayer greenhouse presented the highest content of some ammadendranes family compounds. This study shows that the greenhouse cover-film should be chosen thoughtfully because it plays a major function regarding its effect on the chemical composition of the EOs of E. camaldulensis cultivated in greenhouse environments.
查看更多>>摘要：Medicinal plants having high-value and unique active ingredients are attractive in different industries, including pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic sectors. The phytochemicals in these plants are synthesized through diverse biosynthetic pathways including those for mevalonate, shikimic, acetic acid and so forth. Several key enzymes catalyze different reactions in these pathways and convert precursors to final products. Identification of rate limiting enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways of the secondary metabolites and their encoding genes can reveal the bottlenecks of these pathways and ultimately lead us to develop an appropriate breeding strategy for selecting plants possessing desirable and high-quantity active ingredients. Next-generation sequencing methods, in the last two decades, have contributed, in many ways to a more detailed study of medicinal plants and a deeper exploration of these pathways. In this way, an NGS-based whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach and the data it provides, can lead to the development of new high-throughput molecular markers for more effective marker assisted selection (MAS), more accurate QTL and association mappings, easier genotyping by sequencing, a deeper study of phylogenetic relationships, a faster calculation of evolutionary rates of different genes, reconstruction of genetic diversity patterns between plant taxa, and ultimately domestication of wild high-value medicinal plants. In addition, RNA-Seq methods can have a similar application in the plants without a WGS as well as being used for representing the expression profile of the genes in plants with a great impact on functional genomics. NGS-based methods can greatly help medicinal plant researchers to identify genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of important metabolites including phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, etc. Subsequently, through metabolic engineering, it would be possible to increase the quantity and quality of sec-ondary metabolites and to develop new medicinal plant cultivars for their exploitation in an industrial scale.
查看更多>>摘要：Orderly arranged nanocellulose and its composite materials have low density and excellent mechanical properties. A self-twisted microfluidic chip is designed in this work. Its sheath channel and core channel form a staggered layer structure. This structure can make the Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the core flow undergo twist during the gel forming process, so that it can be better combined and its mechanical properties can be improved. The degree of orientation and mechanical properties of fiber filaments were studied by wide-angle X-ray scattering and universal tensile testing machine. The orientation degree of the fiber is 0.77, the tensile strength is 400 +/- 20 MPa, and the Young's modulus is 37.3 +/- 3.8 GPa. The torsion angle of fiber surface is 5.5. The mechanical properties of the filaments are 150% higher than those of a previously reported filament made of pure CNCs. This work demonstrates the possibility of preparing high-strength CNCs fiber filaments.
Negi, M. S.Singh, S. P.Paul, JaiPramanick, Biswajit...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Flax cultivation is becoming popular day by day owing to having higher profitability of its cultivation in subtropical humid Himalayan tarai regions. However, the growing technology is yet to properly get quantified focusing the environmental sustainability. Concerning these a filed study was carried out during two consecutive flax-growing seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Pantnagar with varied nutrient levels and seeding densities. The study was aimed to optimize flax growing technologies in terms of optimum nutrition and seeding density to get better yield and quality with higher nutrient use efficiency. The two-year long experiment was comprised of three levels of seeding densities (1154, 1539 and 1923 seeds m(-2)) and six levels of nutrient management practices (0%N + 100%PK; 100% NPK; 150%N + 100%PK; 200%N + 100%PK; 150%NK + 100%P and 200%N + 100%P + 1 50%K). The seeding density of 1923 seeds m(-2) along with 150% N and K (90 kg ha(-1) N and 45 kg ha(-1) P) + 100% P (30 kg ha(-1)) resulted in better crop growth with optimum height of the plant without lodging problem. This treatment also resulted in optimum flax fibre yield and physical quality of fibre. Positive soil nutrient balance after cultivation and optimum nutrient use efficiencies was also ensured with this innovative management practice. Thus, it can be concluded that the seeding density of 1923 seeds m(-2) along with 150% NK + 100% P is the most suitable management practice ensuring better yield, quality and nutrient use-efficiency for subtropical humid flax grown in Himalayan tarai.
Trifan, AdrianaLuca, Simon VladKulinowski, LukaszCiobanu, Cristina...
9页
查看更多>>摘要：Artichoke leaf (Cynarae folium) extracts are used as traditional herbal medicinal products to treat a wide range of human ailments, being widely commercialized as nutraceutical or pharmaceutical preparations. In the current study, the hydromethanolic dried leaf extracts of Cynara scolymus L. var. major Brotero and C. scolymus L. var. redonensis N.H.F. Desp. were phytochemically and biologically investigated. The liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) metabolite profiling showed a complex composition, with phenolic acids (mostly mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids), flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones as the most representative classes. The strong antioxidant activity of the two C. scolymus varieties was evidenced in DPPH [64.84-65.21 mg trolox equivalents (TE)/g] and ABTS (86.39-95.55 mg TE/g) radical scavenging, cupric (160.49-171.07 mg TE/g) and ferric (71.47-78.95 mg TE/g) reducing capacity, metal chelating and phospho-molybdenum assays. In addition, the two extracts also displayed anti-enzymatic effects, as assessed in cholinesterase, tyrosinase, glucosidase and amylase tests. Lastly, the artichoke samples (at the concentration of 20 mu g/ mL) proved a very potent inhibition of the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1 beta [7.55-15.75% of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + cells], IL-8 (11.72-13.46% of LPS + cells) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (4.07-10.35% LPS + cells), in LPS-stimulated human neutrophils. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the two C. scolymus varieties could be regarded as a rich source of biologically active compounds, opening thus the perspectives for their future large scale cultivation and valorization as bio-functional ingredients with putative antioxidant, anti-enzymatic and anti-inflammatory effects.
查看更多>>摘要：The xylooligosaccharides (XOS, prebiotics) production from xylan extracted from sugarcane bagasse (SB) biomass was accomplished using an in-house produced xylosidase-free endoxylanase from an isolate Aspergillus flavus MG-7. Delignification of SB by sodium hypochlorite, and xylan extraction by coupled sodium hydroxide and thermal treatment were optimized for various process variables based on Design of Experiments (DoE) to achieve enhanced xylan yield (96.11%, w/w). The extracted xylan was analysed by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate its structural morphology, purity and thermal stability. Xylan hydrolysate obtained by endoxylanase was quantified for xylobiose (69.57%, w/w), xylotriose (13.17%) and xylotetrose (8.377%), and XOS were examined by H-1 NMR. Growth-promoting potential of XOS was established for a probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum M-13 isolated from kalarei. XOS exhibited excellent bioactivity potential in terms of high positive prebiotic activity score, significant antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity. Efficient XOS production promises value-addition for biorefining of SB biomass.
查看更多>>摘要：The beneficial phytomicrobiome is a sustainable approach with the potential to enhance plant growth; it has been evaluated for a number of crop species, but not for Cannabis saliva. The legalization of cannabis and awareness of its end-use applications has resulted in the renewed consumer demand. An important challenge is achievement of high yield with minimum input for indoor production. This study evaluated three individual plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus sp., Mucilaginibacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) on the root development and subsequent plant growth of cannabis (cv. CBD Kush) cuttings. The hypothesis tested was that the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria would improve rooting speed of cuttings, yield attributes, and physiological variables. When compared with control plants (mock inoculation with MgSO4), plants inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria increased root length at the vegetative stage. At harvest, flower fresh weight was increased by 5.13%, 6.94% and 11.45%, compared to the control, for plants inoculated with Bacillus sp., Mucilaginibacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. However, the plant height, node number, branch number and leaf area of plants treated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria were rarely different from the control group. Inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. resulted in the greatest increase in photosynthetic rate during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages, and harvest index, while Bacillus sp., and Mucilaginibacter sp. increased flower number and axillary bud outgrowth rate. Because cannabinoids composition is the one of most important attributes of cannabis flowers, future research should investigate the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on flower secondary metabolite profile at harvest.
查看更多>>摘要：Bamboo pith ring (BPR) was removed to ensure the gluing quality in the traditional production of bamboo composites, leading to material waste and increased energy consumption. To improve the utilization of materials and reduce energy consumption in production, the bonding characteristics of BPR were investigated. In this study, BPR and bamboo middle (BM) were glued with phenolic resin (PF), their mechanical properties were characterized by the shear strength of the adhesive layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to observe PF penetration. Chemical reactions were monitored by Fourier transform infrared images with in situ visualization micro infrared technique. The results show that in the bamboo composite, the shear strength of the adhesive layer with and without BPR is similar. It is found that the pit channels of stone cells connect, communicating the multi-layer structure of the cell wall and the cell cavity. In gluing process, PF resin can permeate the stone cell in BPR, forming a mechanical interlocking and interpenetrating network system, and reacts with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of stone cell walls forming chemical force. The study proved that BPR can be effectively combined with PF and has excellent bonding ability. In the production of bamboo composites, to ensure the bonding strength, BPR was reserved can improve the utilization of bamboo and reduce energy consumption.
查看更多>>摘要：Aromatic compounds in Dendrobium catenatum could affect brewing quality. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment enhances the content of aromatic compounds in D. catenatum, improving the wine quality in brewing industry and medicinal value. In this study, two D. catenatum genotypes, A6 and B1, were used to investigate the effect of MeJA treatment on aromatic compounds. A total of 52 aromatic metabolites were identified using metabolome technique. Based on RNA-seq, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 16, 841 highly expressed transcripts uncovered black, cyan and turquoise modules that are significantly associated with the variation of aromatic compounds. These results reveal the changes of aromatic metabolites during MeJA treatment and provide insight into the biosynthesis mechanism of aromatic compounds in D. catenatum, which could be conducive to the synthesis of active bioactive compounds and their use as industrial by-products.
NSTL
Elsevier