查看更多>>摘要：Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is a multipurpose tree species for conservation ecology, feeding and forestry industry in China. In the present study, 13 phenotypic, 3 physiological characters and 48 microsatellite markers (37 Expressed Sequence Tag microsatellites and 11 genomic SSRs) were used for genotyping the 1054 black locust trees from ex-situ collections to assess the diversity and extract a core germplasm collection. The original breeding population of Robinia pseudoacacia L. showed distinct phenotypic and physiological differences for most traits under investigation; the 15 traits (93.75%) had a coefficient of variation greater than 10% for all assessed indicators, showed the abundant phenotypic diversity. Similarly, high genetic diversity was estimated in the raw population, with an average number of different alleles (Na), Shannon's Information Index (I), gene diversity (H), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) of 9.455, 1.357, 0.654 and 0.624 per locus, respectively. Four sub-populations were identified with weak genetic structures. Three hundred thirty-two individuals (deleted 8 duplicate individuals with two types of data) were extracted from the original population, including a core collection of phenotypic traits (24 individuals), physiological traits (14 individuals) and molecular markers (308 individuals). This was 32.07% of the 1054 trees of the original breeding population and covered seven collection forest bases. Subsequently, the study compared the genetic diversity parameters, coincidence rate of range, principal component analysis, and frequency distribution test traits for the original and core populations. No significant difference was found between them, which indicated that the core germplasm population could well represent the original population. This study provides valuable information for Robinia pseudoacacia L. germplasm management, and its established core collection may be used in future studies of genome association and breeding programs.
查看更多>>摘要：Plant essential oils (EOs) are usually complex mixtures of volatile compounds, and these compounds can vary in composition as a result of biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, understanding the contribution of the individual compounds particularly their interactions with respect to acaricidal activity is important for the use of EOs as an alternative to synthetic acaricides. Herein, the acaricidal activity of constituents from EOs of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cinnamomum cassia) against Haemaphysalis longicornis was investigated using the nymphal and adult immersion tests. Among the test compounds, benzyl benzoate showed the highest toxicity against the nymphs (LC50 = 24.41 mu L/mL) and adults (LC50 = 3.99 mu L/mL). All combinations at their sublethal concentration (LC30) exhibited synergy. The binary mixture of benzyl benzoate + cinnamaldehyde presented the highest synergy ratio (3.42) while tertiary mixtures of cinnamaldehyde + eugenol + linalool showed the least synergy ratio (1.20). Enzyme assays revealed that benzyl benzoate significantly inhibited AChE activity (p < 0.05). The ecotoxicological assessments of benzyl benzoate and cinnamaldehyde indicate likely minimal effects on non-target terrestrial invertebrate, Tenebrio molitor. On the other hand, they were toxic to non-target aquatic species, Daphnia magna. Based on our results, the acaricidal activity of cinnamon EO against H. longicornis may be linked to the content of benzyl benzoate whose presence may be synergistic to the activity of other compounds.
查看更多>>摘要：This study performed a prior delignification with sodium chlorite treatment on sugarcane straw and coffee husk waste, followed by alkaline treatment strategies; aiming at the increase cellulose recovery efficiency and the decrease of chemical consumption process. This study also explored an effective approach in the use of the cellulose recovery fraction for the enzymatic production of short chain cello-oligosaccharides, using optimal mixture of commercial enzymes (cellulases with esterase), that have never been studied or reported in any other work with this approach. The hydrothermal alkaline treatment using KOH concentration 4.5% w/v, displayed similar effects to treatment with moderate temperature conditions (35 degrees C) with high a KOH concentration (24% w/v). The cellulose extraction efficiency was significant, around 92%, and achieved delignification close to 91%. Efficient enzyme mixtures that achieved maximum cello-oligosaccharide yields of around 63.56 mg. gsubstrate and low glucose concentrations were developed. This suggests a probably cost reductions and simplification in the purification step, for future application in the different industrial fields.
查看更多>>摘要：Pelargonium graveolens L'Her is a commercially important aromatic plant. The essential oil is used in fragrances, flavour and cosmeceutical industries. The essential oil is secreted in the glandular trichomes distributed mainly on the leaves. In India, P. graveolens is growing only in specific climatic conditions due to the susceptibility of plants to rainfall, high humidity and waterlogging stress. This study aims to analyze rainfall-induced premature senescence in P. graveolens at six phenotypic leaf senescence stages. The physiological and biochemical parameters, cell viability, trichomes density, essential oil yield and variation in chemical constituents were evaluated. Results show a significant increase in chlorophyll-a and b, and a decrease in anthocyanin content. Also, the protein content, MDA, SOD, H2O2, catalase, electrolyte leakage was significantly higher, and cell viability decreased with the progression of senescence. The gland density on leaves was reduced during the advancement of senescence. The GC and GC-MS analysis showed that the senescence significantly modulates oil constituents and oils yield (0.048-0.123%) at different senescence stages. Overall, this study confirms that rainfall induces premature senescence in P. graveolens, significantly affecting essential oil yield and constituents.
查看更多>>摘要：In past studies, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has been shown to tolerate stress from heavy metals and to accumulate the metals in its tissues. Nonetheless, up to now, it remained unclear whether hemp grown on contaminated soil could be safely used in the textile industry and integrate a phytoattenuation strategy. A growth experiment was set up to screen 6 hemp cultivars for their ability to take up heavy metals in the different plant parts when grown on soil contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn. The potential safe use of the produced biomass in comparison to industrial quality guidelines, especially the fibers, was analyzed. Plant tissues show different patterns of Cd, Pb, and Zn uptake and it could not be stated that one plant part accumulates a higher amount of all elements compared to the others. While Pb and Zn concentrations followed the trend leaves>shives>fibers, Cd was mostly concentrated in the fibers. The lowest concentrations in fibers were found in the early cultivars USO 31 and Bialobrezskie respectively for Cd (0.59 +/- 0.15 mg/kg) and Pb (1.6 +/- 0.7 mg/kg), and in the semilate cultivar Dacia Secuieni for Zn (7.2 +/- 1.4 mg/kg). The late cultivar Carmagnola Selected displayed the highest concentrations for Cd (1.7 +/- 0.5 mg/kg) and Zn (13 +/- 2 mg/kg), as the early cultivar USO 31 did for Pb (11 +/- 1 mg/kg). Nevertheless, both Cd and Pb concentrations in the fibers were far below the heavy metal thresholds for textile product safety in all cultivars, while Zn is not considered toxic in textile production. In addition, low Pb, Cd, and Zn concentrations in the shives suggest the potential safe use of this residual fraction of hemp fiber production as well. These results are promising in terms of safe use of the produced hemp fibers in the textile industry and thus of the potential valorization of contaminated land through hemp cultivation and the development of non-food value chains within a phytoattenuation strategy.
Armijos, Maria J. GonzalezValarezo, EduardoMantilla-Afanador, Javier G.Machado, Francisco P....
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Plant essential oils are promising tools for the management of insect infestations in stored beans. However, how these biorational products exert their insecticidal actions remains unknow. Here, we evaluated the insecticidal and repellent potential of Bursera graveolens essential oil against the bean weevil species Acanthoscelides obtectus and Zabrotes subfasciatus. By using chemical and in silico analyses, we evaluated the molecular interactions of the essential oil constituents with two potential physiological targets in stored beans: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Our results revealed limonene (44%), phellandrene (24%), cymene (13%), and menthofuran (11%) as the major constituents of the essential oil. Both bean weevil species were similarly killed by the fumigant essential oil. However, while Z. subfasciatus individuals were repelled only at high essential oil concentrations (LC95 = 156 mu L/L), the essential oil LC15 (44 mu L/L) was enough to repel A. obtectus individuals. Our computational predictions revealed that all essential oil constituents formed stable molecular interactions (binding affinity < -5.5 kcal/mol) with the binding sites of acetylcholinesterase and TRP channels, suggesting the involvement of these targets in the essential oil actions. Altogether, our findings show that B. graveolens essential oil may exert its insecticidal actions by disrupting the functions of AChE and TRP channels and that it may be used as an alternative tool for the control of bean weevils
查看更多>>摘要：Natural compounds have been widely used as food additives to replace synthetic preservatives. Essential oil (EO) and phenolic acid compounds of thyme are well known for treating a wide range of diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the EO yield and composition, and also phenolic acid profile for 11 populations of Thymus daenensis Celak. growing in the different areas of Iran. The EO yield (0.71-2.92 g 100 g(-1) DW) was significantly different among the populations. The GC-MS identified a total of 17 components, repressing 96.1-99.7% of the total volatile oil and being mainly monoterpenes (84.2-94.3%). The main EO constitute of T. daenensis populations was thymol (63.6-83%) followed by p-cymene (0.47-7.55%), Carvacrol (1.91-4.32%), and (E)-Caryophyllene (1.37-8.5%), and 1.8-cineole (0.77-4.66%). The phenolic acid compounds determined by HPLC were rosmarinic acid (130-227 mu g g(-1)), Caffeic acid (24.6-66.4 mu g g(-1)), cinnamic acid (15.1-33.53 mu g g(-1)), p-Coumaric acid (10.7-17 mu g g(-1)), Gentisic acid (8.8-10.8 mu g g(-1)), and chlorogenic acid (9.7-29.7 mu g g(-1)). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that (E)-Caryophyllene and carvacrol were the prominent compounds of Isf2 and Zan populations, respectively. The dendrogram of agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) for main EO component showed four and three distinguished classes of populations according to main EO composition and phenolic acid profile, respectively, where Zan population was significantly distinguished from others. Heat map analysis showed p-cymene, 1.8-cineole, (E)-caryophyllene, and chlorogenic acid had the higher variability; however, the minimum changes occurred in thymol and gentisic acid.
查看更多>>摘要：Oil-tea camellia fruit shell (CFS) is a considerable waste lignocellulosic resource. The current treatment of these wastes are composting and burning. Burning may pose a threat to air and since CFS contains 5-14% saponins, the composting may lead to water foaming and toxicity. CFS contains a large amount of hemicelluloses, which has the potential to be extracted and valorized. The chemical structures of CFS hemicelluloses have not been extensively analyzed, which limits their application. In this study, hemicelluloses were extracted by dimethyl sulfoxide and alkali solution from eight species of CFS in Southern China. The detailed compositional and structural characteristics of the separated hemicellulose components were studied. The content of hemicelluloses in CFS ranges from 40% to 55%. The hemicelluloses consist of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, L-fucose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid units, among which xylose is the major component. The existence of the sugars that are rare in lignocellulosic materials, i.e. fucose and rhamnose, are confirmed as the minor components. From 2D NMR analysis, the major chemical structures/types of CFS hemicelluloses are found to be L-arabinose-4-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucuronic acid-D-xylose and galacto-glucomannan. The application potentials of the CFS hemicelluloses in fine chemicals were evaluated.
查看更多>>摘要：To improve the mechanical and water resistance of biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) and endow the material with antibacterial properties, a novel strategy was proposed to use low-cost and renewable rosin to replace some glycerol in traditional TPS with invariable glycerol content. The mechanical properties, fractured cross-section images, crystallization behavior, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water wettability, moisture absorption and antimicrobial activity were systematically evaluated. The tensile and bend strength increased from 1.42 to 4.61 MPa and 0.40-8.33 MPa for pure and rosin-modified 80R-TPS, respectively, indicating an improvement of approximately 3.25 and 20 times; the loss peak at high temperature (T-alpha) increased from 33.34 to 55.62 ?; the surface contact angle increased from 30.8 to 68.0; and the equilibrium moisture absorption gain after 970 h decreased from 9.253% to 6.249%. These results proved that the mechanical properties and water resistance of rosin modified TPS produced via extrusion and injection molding were obviously enhanced, accompanied by obvious antimicrobial activity, which has potential application at the commercial scale in food packaging materials and biomedical and agricultural fields.
查看更多>>摘要：Due to its natural and rich porous structure, biomass wood-based materials have potential applications in electronic devices such as supercapacitors and sensors, which is also in line with the concept of green and sustainable development and has attracted extensive attention of more and more researchers. However, due to the poor conductivity of wood-based materials, in order to enhance their conductivity, they have to be carbonized or compounded with other materials with good conductivity. Here, we first synthesized the rGO-LiOH/wood micro-spring composite with high strength, high specific capacitance, high elasticity and elastic recovery rate via vacuum suction and carbonization. The as-obtained wood-based hybrid is applied to super-capacitors and sensors, and shows good supercapacitance and sensing characteristics. Under a scan rate of 200 mV s(-1), the specific capacitance is 352 F g(-1), the energy density is 48.89 Wh kg-1, the power density reaches 9780 W kg(-1), and the capacitance retention still maintains at 98% (346 F g(-1)) after experiencing 1000 cycles, showing excellent energy storage and working stability. More importantly, the composite still shows stable energy storage effect under repeated compression rebound conditions. After 5000 compression-recovery, a high elastic recovery rate of 91.67% and high capacitance retention of approximately 80% are still obtained. These outstanding properties highlight the great application potential of the rGO-LiOH/wood micro-spring composite in biomass based wearable electronics, portable power supply equipment and sensors.
NSTL
Elsevier