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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Douglas-fir outperforms most commercial European softwoods

    Zeidler, AlesBoruvka, VlastimilCerny, JakubBalas, Martin...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：One of the main ideas of non-native tree species introduction into forest stands is to replace declining native species. The same is also valid for industry; the wood of native species should be replaced by a wood of the same or even better quality. Douglas-fir is often compared to other coniferous tree species based on its production. This study compared Douglas-fir wood properties with European commercial species, namely Norway spruce, Scots pine, and European larch. Trees representing different sites and ages were tested for wood density, shrinkage, and compression strength. In all cases, Douglas-fir outclassed spruce and pine in density and strength. The difference was striking, especially for spruce, where the density was surpassed by Douglas-fir by more than 100 kg.m(-3) (above 25%). In the case of compression, the strength of Douglas-fir was up to 12.3 MPa higher (above 33%) compared to spruce. The only species that obtained higher figures was larch. Wood shrinkage was com-parable to European softwoods. Therefore, Douglas-fir wood can be regarded as an excellent and promising substitute for the European processing industry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Production of phenylethanoid glycosides under PEG-induced osmotic stress in Scrophularia Striata Boiss. Cell culture in bioreactor

    Ahmadi-Sakha, SedighehSharifi, MohsenNiknam, VahidZali, Hakimeh...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Scrophularia striata Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae) is a significant medicinal and economic plant endemic to Iran. In the research, the effect of osmotic stress on metabolite content during cell growth was studied in S. striata cell culture in a bioreactor system. The high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) metabolic profiling showed changes in levels of primary metabolites, containing some amino acids and carbohydrates, secondary metabolites, containing some phenolic acids, flavonoids (diosmin, catechin, rutin,and myricetin), a stilbenoid (resveratrol) and phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside and echinacoside) in response to elicitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Content of acteoside was significantly induced and was achieved by 6.38 folds compared to the control. This approach can be used to improve mass production of acteoside from S. striata cell culture in industrial bioreactors. The two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) study showed that elicitation of cell culture with PEG 6000 led to modification of proteome profile. In PEG-treated cells, 45 spots were upregulated and 47 spots were downregulated (fold>2 and p<0.05) compared to control and 4 protein spots were determined by MALDI-ToF MS. These proteins corresponded to Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Cinnamoyl alcohol dehydrogenase, Manganese superoxide dismutase, and Flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1, expressions of which were associated with stress condition.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Analysis of the differences in self-assembly behaviour, molecular structure and drug delivery performance between alpha and beta-Zein

    Liu, YingyingXie, QiulingJiang, YanbinHuang, Wenquan...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The past decade has witnessed rapid development in zein-based drug delivery systems. However, the lack of a deep understanding of self-assembly and co-self-assembly between drug and zein has limited its application. In this work, alpha and beta-zein, the main ingredients of zein, were separated and the different self-assembly behaviour was investigated, respectively. In ethanol solution, alpha-zein shows uncontrollable self-assembly and explosive nucleation. The nano-mechanical properties investigated by AFM show that alpha-zein nanoparticles self-assembled in the ethanol possessed a higher adhesion force (99.45 +/- 6.90 nN), which explains its uncontrollable self assembly. After loading with paclitaxel (PTX), Young's modulus of alpha-zein had significantly reduced from 525.57 +/- 53.82-95.35 +/- 20.98 MPa, which implies that the PTX-alpha-zein nanoparticle has a loose structure. The interaction between drug and carrier was studied using a fluorescence quenching experiment, and the mathematical model was established. The result shows that the main driving force for interaction between PTX and alpha-zein is the hydrophobic force, while interaction between PTX and beta-zein is hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces. The negative Delta G value indicates that the binging between PTX and alpha-zein or beta-zein is a spontaneous process although the nature of the interaction is somewhat different. An in vitro cytotoxicity study shows that the different self-assembly behaviour resulted in different cell viability. Finally, a possible self-assembly mechanism of alpha and beta-zein was proposed. It is anticipated that a fundamental understanding of self-assembly between drug and alpha or beta-zein will provide an important foundation for its application in biological and material fields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils hydrodistilled from three accessions of pastinocello carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. major)

    Angelini, Luciana G. G.Tavarini, SilviaAscrizzi, RobertaFlamini, Guido...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：In line with the actual increasing request of innovative and alternative tools aimed to reduce the use of chemicals in favor of more sustainable agriculture and food systems, natural products, such as essential oils (EOs), represent a valid alternative to pesticides. Essential oils contain antioxidant and antimicrobial constituents able to act against plant pathogens, including phytopathogenic fungi. Despite species belonging to Daucus genus are already known as a source of active essential oils, little is known about D. carota ssp. major (pastinocello), a local carrot variety, now listed among the species facing extinction risk. With the aim to investigate this species, the present work aimed to study three pastinocello accessions cultivated in Central Italy, in terms of bio-agronomic characteristics, inflorescence production, essential oils yield and composition, and their activity against plant pathogenic and beneficial fungi. Results showed significant morphological and productive differences among accessions as well as a significant different composition in their essential oils, with accession L24 richer in oxygenated sesquiterpenes class (such as carotol and daucol) and L281 and L305 showing monoterpene hydrocarbons as the most abundant chemical groups. At the same time the EO obtained from L24 was the most effective in reducing the growth of two important plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Monilinia fructigena, while any effect was observed against two well-known beneficial isolates belonging to Trichoderma genus.These results not only confirm the possibility to use EOs from pastinocello to control plant pathogenic fungi, but also leave open the possibility of a combined use with beneficial Trichoderma isolates, already exploited as biocontrol agents for the management of plant diseases.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Various coagulation techniques and their impacts towards the properties of natural rubber latex from Hevea brasiliensis - a comprehensive review related to tyre application

    Ng, Jing WeiOthman, NadrasYusof, Nurul Hayati
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Coagulation is the first crucial step in the processing of natural rubber (NR) that happens naturally or is induced by various techniques. The mechanism of Hevea latex coagulation involves the destabilization and aggregation of latex particles that are influenced by different factors. By understanding the basics of coagulation process, the use of different coagulation techniques and their efficiency are illustrated in this paper. The corresponding impact on the technological properties of unvulcanized NR is connected to the choice of coagulation technique. For instance, the microstructure of natural coagulated NR relies on the precedence of microbial activities which further decides the mesostructure and macrostructure properties. As NR is widely used in the rubber manufacturing industry notably tyres, the subsequent impacts of coagulated NR using different techniques are described from the aspect of processing, vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, and ageing retention properties of NR vulcanizate. By providing such an overview, the connection of coagulation technique of Hevea latex to the rubber industries is established to have a more comprehensive understanding when selecting the best option for the respective application.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The industrial process of solvent extraction of castor oil reduces the toxicity of the meal

    Rocha, Amanda Cardosoda Silveira Alves, Francisco GleysonSalles, Hevila OliveiraFernandes Franco Pompeu, Roberto Claudio...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Castor (Ricinus communis L.) oil is an important raw material for the chemical industry. The industrial process of castor oil extraction exposes the material to chemical, thermal, and mechanical treatments that influence the properties of the proteins in the meal. This study tested the hypothesis that the regular industrial process of castor oil extraction with solvent changes properties of the meal like the profile of proteins, the nematicide efficiency, and its toxicity. The changes made by the process of oil extraction create opportunities for adding value to this by-product. Samples of castor cake and meal were collected along the process of oil extraction under the regular operation of an industry. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition, hemagglutination activity, nematicide efficiency, and toxicity for feeding broilers and sheep. It was found that the step of solvent evaporation is responsible for the most relevant modifications in the meal, with significant changes in the protein profile, loss of hemagglutination capacity, and reduction of toxicity and nematicide efficiency. The castor meal produced just after the solvent evaporation has the toxicity reduced to a level that was tolerable to be used in the ration of small ruminants without detectable loss of performance or clinical signs of intoxication. The castor meal was toxic for broilers. The nematicide capacity of castor meal against larvae of Haemonchus contortus is reduced after the step of solvent extraction, but it is still significant and detected in doses as low as 5 mg/g. When castor meal was separated in fractions by sieving, the fine fraction (particles smaller than 0.5 mm) had high protein content (60.2%), low fiber content (6.0%), and high water holding capacity (164.2% of its dry weight).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Nanostructured lipid carriers of essential oils as potential tools for the sustainable control of insect pests

    Tortorici, S.Cimino, C.Ricupero, M.Musumeci, T....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plant essential oils (EOs) represent a promising alternative and sustainable tool to reduce the negative environmental impact of conventional management systems, e.g., synthetic insecticides. Their practical implementation is hindered by various drawbacks, such as phytotoxicity, stability and degradation patterns. Innovative and advanced nanotechnologies, such as Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), could help over-coming such problems. NLCs, composed by 10% w/v of lipid and 10% w/v of oi l (Lavender, Rosemary, Peppermint ) were prepared through PIT method. The obtained formulations showed the presence of small (200 nm) and homogeneous particles (Polydispersity Index (PDI) < 0.3). A l l NLCs were purified obtaining a 20% w/v EO concentration using ultracentrifugation, without any significant variation of mean size and homogeneity. The efficacy of these formulations was tested for three key insect pests with different feeding strategies: a sap-sucking (Aphis gossypii), a chewer (Spodoptera littoralis) and a leafminer (Tuta absoluta). NLCs loaded with EOs were diluted with distilled water at 30:70 v/v and were tested by ingestion and topical contact exposure routes. Long-term stability results obtained by Turbiscan (R) technolog y showed the occurrence of not significant (delta BS < 20%) sedimentation phenomenon after 30 days of storage at 25 ?. Among the three EO-NLCs, Rosema r y demonstrated to be the most long-term stable, as confirmed by the destabilization kinetic. The results of the bioassays showed that al l the tested EO-NLCs, as we l l as the nanocarrier alone, caused high mortality on A. gossypii and significantly reduced its progeny by topical contact exposure. NLCs of Lavender and Rosema r y EOs decreased the feeding activity but not the survival of S. littoralis. Conversely, the three EO-NLCs did not decrease the survival and the feeding activity of T. absoluta. Our findings suggest that NLCs can successfully deliver EOs by keeping unaltered their properties, therefore this nanotechnolog y could contribute to the sustainable control of arthropod pests.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Camelina germination under osmotic stress- Trend lines, time-courses and critical points

    Vujosevic, BojanaMiladinov, ZlaticaStanisavljevic, DusanMirosavljevic, Milan...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has increased cold, heat, and drought tolerance and decreased susceptibility to diseases and pests than oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Because water deficit at sowing leads to unsatisfactory stand establishment due to irregular seed germination and emergence, the aim of this study was to understand the response of camelina germination under osmotic stress and identify critical soil moisture levels for successful establishment. Two spring cultivars, NS Slatka and NS Zlatka, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Serbia, were compared under 9 levels of osmotic stress, ranging from 0 MPa to-1.6 MPa. Polyethylene glycol was used to obtain the osmotic potential of the solutions. Results showed that the tested cultivars did not decrease germination under mild and medium osmotic stress levels (down to-0.8 MPa). However, germination significantly decreased in both cultivars under higher levels of osmotic stress, and NS Zlatka was more sensitive. Germination speed significantly increased at-0.4 MPa. The estimated osmotic potentials to stop germination were-1.45 MPa for NS Slatka and -1.46 MPa for NS Zlatka. Time to 50% germination also showed a significant bi-linear trend in response to osmotic potential, but in the opposite direction than the one observed in germination. Inflection points were recorded at-0.77 MPa for NS Slatka and-0.78 MPa for NS Zlatka, thereafter time to 50% of germination rapidly increased. This study confirmed that camelina can withstand increased levels of drought stress at germination, so it could be considered a more suitable option than oilseed rape on marginal land, or environments with irregular precipitation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Strong, durable and fire-resistant glass fiber-reinforced bamboo scrimber

    Yu, JunbaoYang, DingyiHe, QianDu, Baocong...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：A bamboo scrimber (BS) is a useful engineering biomass composite that has been utilized in the construction and building fields. In this study, bamboo bundles and glass fiber (GF) layers with various thicknesses are selected to fabricate a strong, durable, and fire-resistant glass fiber-reinforced bamboo scrimber (GF-BS). The mechanical properties, aging characteristics, and fire-resistant measurements are investigated for glass fiber bamboo scrimbers (GF-BSs) with various thicknesses of the GF. The findings demonstrated that the mechanical properties, including compressive strength, shear strength, the modulus of rupture (MOR), and the modulus of elasticity (MOE), increased by approximately 7%, 25%, 18%, and 22%, respectively for the GF-BS with a thicker GF layer. After the aging test, an enhanced dimensional stability of the GF-BSs was obtained, and their mechanical performance was similar to that of a traditional BS. Significantly improved fire-resistant properties for the GF-BSs were found, especially for those with a thicker GF. After exposure to a flame for 10 min, the charring depth, mass loss, and maximum temperature for the GF-BS reduced by 50%, 15-28%, and 25%, respectively, consistent with the infrared imaging diagrams. After a fire resistant limitation test, the limitation duration increased by 650%, and the mass loss rate decreased by 400% with a lower increment in the temperature rise for the GF-BS during combustion. A significantly higher residual MOR was obtained for the GF-BSs after the combustion. This indicated that GF plays a significant role in the improvement of the mechanical and fire-resistant properties of BS composites. This study provides a method to enhance the service performance of GF-BSs for construction and building industry applications.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Double-cropping oilseed sunflower after winter camelina

    Gesch, R. W.Mohammed, Y. A.Walia, M. K.Hulke, B. S....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Double-cropping as a means of sustainably intensifying oilseed production could promote farmer adoption of new and alternative use oil crops like camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]. Previous research indicated that double-cropping sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) after winter camelina in the upper Midwest USA tended to reduce sunflower seed yield and oil content as compared with monocrop sunflower. However, new semidwarf hybrid sunflower genotypes with early maturity may be better suited for developing double-cropping systems for oil production in the upper Midwest and northern Great Plains. To evaluate seed and oil yields of winter camelina (cv. Joelle) and double-cropped sunflower compared with monocrop sunflower, a field study was conducted across two growing seasons (2017-2019) in west central Minnesota USA. One early maturing semidwarf oil sunflower hybrid, Honeycomb NS, and three common commercial full season oil hybrids were evaluated. Additionally, soil moisture to a 1-m depth was monitored during both growing seasons, which did not appear to limit production of the two crops in a single season at the study site. Although delayed sowing associated with double-cropping generally reduced sunflower seed yield, oil content, and the oleic/linoleic acid ratio compared with monocrop controls, these decreases were less for the early maturing hybrid Honeycomb NS. During one season of the study, total oil yield (winter camelina + sunflower) of double-cropped Honeycomb NS was 1.5 times greater than its monocrop counterpart. In addition to sustainably intensifying oil production, doublecropping sunflower with winter camelina might appeal to producers wanting to reduce the risk of one or the other crop failing in any given year. Nevertheless, double-cropping in the upper Midwest USA can be risky due to year-to-year variations in weather and length of growing season.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier