查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsCrambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R.E. Fries) is an annual oilseed plant belonging to the family of Brassicaceae. It is mostly cultivated for its high level of erucic acid. Crambe was field tested in Ba?cyny in north-eastern (NE) Poland in 2017–2019 to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization on the energy efficiency in the production of hulled seeds and total biomass (hulled seeds and straw). The N fertilizer rate (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha?1) and the S fertilizer rate (0, 15, and 30 kg ha?1) were the experimental variables. The energy input in the production technology without N and S fertilization was determined at 5.52 GJ ha?1. The highest N (120 kg ha?1) and S (30 kg ha?1) rates caused a 2.7-fold increase in energy inputs. In NE Poland, crambe yields ranged from 1.14 to 1.78 (hulled seeds) and from 1.70 to 2.53 Mg ha?1 DM (straw). The energy output in crambe production was 26.13–40.56 (seeds only) and 56.06–77.64 GJ ha?1 (seeds and straw). The highest energy gain was noted after the application of 60 kg N ha?1 and 30 kg S ha?1 (25.57 GJ ha?1 in seeds) or 90 kg N ha?1 and 30 kg S ha?1 (50.25 GJ ha?1 in total biomass). The energy efficiency ratio of seeds (4.74–4.96) and total biomass (9.54–9.85) was highest in the production technology without N fertilization. Nitrogen (120 kg ha?1) induced a nearly 2-fold decrease in the energy efficiency ratio of seeds and total biomass. Sulfur had a positive influence on the energy output (increase of 3–20%), energy gain (increase of 3–31%) and the energy efficiency ratio (increase of 3–17%) of crambe. The incorporation of S into the N fertilization regime alleviated the decrease in the energy efficiency ratio of crambe production induced by increasing N fertilizer rates.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In recent years, the preparation of thermoset materials based on renewable sources has received peculiar attention. In this work, we prepared vegetable oil based antibacterial thermosets via thermal azide?alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Dimer diamine was propargylated and mixed with azidated trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether and castor oil bearing azide and phosphorous groups. Two different propargyl functionalized coumarins were also incorporated into the vegetable oil based formulations. All synthesized monomers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties of the obtained thermosets were also determined. The thermosets behaved as elastomers and displayed elongation at break values between 39% and 82%. The phosphorylated castor oil derivative improved the thermal properties and char yields as high as 13.83% at 750 °C were observed under nitrogen atmosphere. Coumarin-containing thermosets were found to have antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an important source of trigonelline, a valuable anti-diabetic metabolite. The main objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of ultrasonication and nicotinic acid feeding in stimulating trigonelline biosynthesis and antioxidant system. For this purpose, the seeds were ultrasonicated in three groups for 0, 5, and 10 min at 40 kHz at 25 °C. Seedlings were treated after the emergence of the first true leaves (10 days) with Hoagland's solution complemented with 0, 2, 4 mg L?1 nicotinic acid. The results showed that the 5 min ultrasound priming of fenugreek seeds improved germination-related traits compared with the control culture. However, the 10 min ultrasound priming negatively affected and reduced the germination traits. The highest values of growth indices of seedlings were recorded under effect of 5 min ultrasound and 4 mg L?1 nicotinic acid. Ultrasound and nicotinic acid individually and as combined decreased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids). The interaction between the two factors increased the antioxidant compounds and biochemical levels of seedlings compared with the control treatment. The highest increase in trigonelline content (170.9 mg/100 g FW) was observed under 5 min ultrasound and 2 mg L?1 nicotinic acid feeding. Generally, it appears that ultrasound potentiated the effect of nicotinic acid feeding on defense responses and the production of secondary metabolites, including trigonelline biosynthesis. Overall, it can be concluded that 5 min ultrasound seed priming and 2 mg L?1 nicotinic acid can improve growth indices, and therefore to achieve optimal biomass yield and trigonelline production is recommended in fenugreek cultivation.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an oilseed crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family that has attracted worldwide attention because of its agronomic and qualitative characteristics. This crop can adapt well to different environments and produce oil suitable for multiple bio-based uses. The most commonly measured and reported components of camelina seeds are fatty acids, proteins, and vitamins. However, they also contain specialized metabolites (SMs, formerly known as “secondary metabolites”) retained in the meal, which have not been fully characterized. This work presents a long-term study conducted from 2015 to 2019 at the experimental farm of the University of Bologna (Italy), aimed at comparing six camelina cultivars (Cypress, Midas, 789-02, Pearl, Omega, and WUR) for their agronomic and oil-compositional parameters and the SM content and composition of their seeds. Cypress was the best genotype in terms of agronomic characteristics, i.e., stable and high seed yields and increased 1000-seed weight (TKW). Pearl and 789-02 were identified as the most suitable for specific bio-based applications because of the increased n-3:n-6 ratio of the oil. Among the SM classes, PAs, and flavonols were influenced by the growing conditions and genotype. Pearl was the cultivar in which specialized metabolites were affected most by variation in meteorological conditions. Therefore, this variety may represent a starting point for future research targeting the increase/decrease of specific SM classes and the desired content of specific fatty acids by selecting the growing environment. The content and composition of camelina SMs confirm its nature as a multi-use crop, corroborating its key role in the circular economy.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Tribolium castaneum (herbst) is one of the most damaging insect pests of stored products. The aim of this study is to assess the repellent effects of powders and essential oils (EOs) of Artemisia absinthium aerial parts, Melia azedarach fruits, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Peganum harmala seeds on adults of T. castaneum (Herbst). The EOs were extracted by the hydrodistillation method, and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The repellency test was determined by the area preference method. The number of insects present in treated and control areas was counted after 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 5 h of exposure. The results obtained by GC-MS revealed that the major components of the studied EOs were camphor (36.22%) and α-thujone (30.28%) for A. absinthium EO. Caproic acid (8.63%) and ?-Caprolactone (9.44%) for M. azedarach EO; Epi-cubenol (28.78%), palmitic acid (15.07%), and Dihydroactinolide (10.84%) for T. foenum-graecum; and α -Pinene (29.38%), linoleic acid (14.00%) for P. harmala. The M. azedarach powder has the highest average repellency rate of 48.20%, followed by T. foenum-graecum (34.67%), while A. absinthium and P. harmala powders have the negatives average repellency rates (?22.10% and ?16.10%, respectively). Furthermore, A. absinthium EO had the highest average repellency rate of 64.50%, followed by M. azedarach and P. harmala EOs (50.30% and 46.50%, respectively). In contrast, T. foenum-graecum EO gave 33.70% of repellency. The plants studied may prove novel biological treatments to prevent insect infestations of stored products.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The complex preparation process, high cost, and use of non-renewable materials limit the marketization of most synthetic superhydrophobic oil-absorbing sponges. This work provides a preparation method of superhydrophobic and nontoxic oil absorbents by surface modification of pulp cellulose fibers. A simple hydrothermal method was used to in situ grow micron-scale petal-like γ-AlOOH layers on the surface of cellulose fibers pretreated with ultrasonication and swelled with urea, and then modified with low surface energy to prepare superhydrophobic cellulose fibers. The obtained cellulose fibers have high oil absorption property, fast absorption speed and high recyclability. The fibers exhibit excellent superhydrophobic stability in boiling water, various corrosive solutions and even high-temperature combustion environments, proving that it has the ability to absorb oil in harsh environments. In addition, after being connected to a vacuum filtration device, the as-prepared fibers can continuously separate the n-hexane solution of 200 quilts of its own weight within 15 s. And in the experiment of simulating turbulent water flow, they can still effectively remove oil from oil-water mixture. More importantly, the fiber can separate micro-nano scale oil droplets from the oil (n-hexane)-in-water emulsion with a separation rate up to 93.15% (solution transparency). All these excellent properties show that the prepared fibers have high application value in the fields of marine oil spill absorption and oil-water separation.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Drought is an abiotic stress that affects growth, development and productivity of plants. Peptides play key roles in plant growth and development, acting in a similar manner as phytohormones. However, only a few peptides have been identified to play a role in abiotic stress tolerance of poplars. Here, we isolated an EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) secreted Cys-rich small peptide PdEEPFL6 from NE19 [Populus nigra × (P. deltoides × P. nigra)] and explored its mechanism in plant response to drought stress. We found that PdEEPFL6 was greatly induced by dehydration treatment in poplar. To investigate its potential biological functions, PdEPFL6, was overexpressed in poplar 84 K (P. alba × P. glandulosa). PdEPFL6 overexpressing lines (OxPdEPFL6) significantly decreased stomatal density, resulting in the decrease of transpiration rate. OxPdEPFL6 lines maintained a higher photosynthetic rate and lower the water loss rate of leaves compared with the control, resulting in drought resistance increasing. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that PdEPFL6 interacted with PdTMM (receptor-like protein) and PdERECTA (receptor-like kinases). Overexpression of PdEPFL6 regulated the expression levels of MAPK-associated genes and significantly decreased the expressions of stomatal development-related transcription factors (PdSPCH and PdMUTE) under normal and drought conditions, leading to a decrease in stomatal density. Taken together, our findings show that PdEPFL6-PdERECTA/PdTMM module plays an essential role in stomatal development, the ligand-receptor pair plays an active role in regulating drought resistance by reducing stomatal density in poplar.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Tannin acid (TA), as a natural water-soluble plant polyphenol, has been widely used to realize the functionalization of cellulose-based plant fibers, such as flame retardant, antibacterial and heavy metal adsorption. However, the interaction mechanism between TA and the main component of these fibers-cellulose, remains unclear. In this paper, bamboo cellulose fibers (BCFs) were used as the substrates to immobilize TA under different environmental conditions to investigate their interaction mechanisms. The results showed that the immobilization of TA on BCFs was multi-molecular layer reversible physical adsorption and the main driving force of this process was the hydrogen bonds in non-covalent bonds. In addition, the interaction between TA and BCFs was related to pH, and pH = 5 was the optimal immobilization condition where BCFs had a maximum TA adsorption capacity of 230 mg/g, considerably higher than other substrates. We believe that the elaboration of this immobilization mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of multifunctional materials based on TA modified cellulose fibers in the future.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.R2R3-MYB, the largest subfamily in MYB transcription factor (TF), plays a crucial role in regulating numerous aspects of growth and development of plants. Whereas, a comprehensive identification and characterization of R2R3-MYBs have not been elucidated in Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk. C. fortunei is the indigenous evergreen coniferous timber species in southern China. Here, we aimed to understand the functional roles of CfMYBs during lignin biosynthesis. Therefore, we conducted systematic transcriptome-wide mining to explore biological functions and expression profiles of CfMYBs. A total of 35 CfMYBs were screened from transcriptome data, which could further be subdivided into 16 groups through phylogenetic analysis. Besides, they all shared a highly conserved R2R3 domain that could form helix-turn-helix (HTH) structure. The expression patterns revealed that CfMYBs participated in various biological processes. Moreover, the interaction network suggested that CfMYBs regulated many metabolic pathways as upstream regulatory switches. Further verification uncovered that CfMYB25 and CfMYB13 were nucleus localization proteins. CfMYB25, a transcriptional repressor, negatively regulated the lignin deposition and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. These results provide new insights into the functional verification of CfMYBs and lay a foundation for understanding their regulatory roles in lignin biosynthesis.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting performance of sisal leaves under the impact cutting and to obtain the optimal cutting parameters to reduce cutting force and cutting energy. A rotary cutting method for sisal leaves was proposed, and the experimental results showed that cutting parameters had a significant impact on the ultimate shear stress and the specific cutting energy of sisal leaves. Increasing the cutting speed helps to reduce the ultimate shear stress and the specific cutting energy, but the specific cutting energy will increase when the cutting speed is greater than 3 m/s. Meanwhile, under the leaf elevation angle of 45° and the blade oblique angle of 40°, the minimum average ultimate shear stress (7.03 × 10?2 MPa) and minimum specific cutting energy (2.49 × 10?3 J/mm2) were achieved at the cutting speeds of 5 m/s and 3 m/s, respectively. Besides, the lowest cutting cross-section splitting degree was achieved under the blade oblique angle of 40°. The experiment results show that the cutting method proposed in this paper is effective, which provides an important basis for improving the current sisal leaf-cutting device and developing economic sisal leaves harvesting equipment in the future.
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