查看更多>>摘要：This study investigated the water-organic co-solvent for the fractionation of lignin in camellia oleifera shell and further fabrication of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). The highest dissolution (88.6 wt%) of lignin was obtained in H2O/GVL (3/7, v/v) co-solvent, which was mainly ascribed to the adjacent Hildebrand solubility parameter (delta) between lignin and co-solvent. The LNPs prepared by solvent-shifting method and precipitation exhibited round or oval shape with even distribution. Among which, LNPs obtained from the lignin fraction dissolved in H2O-ethanol co-solvent (denoted as LNP-ETH) showed the smallest average particle size of 136 nm and the highest negative zeta potential of -39.6 mV, which implied the relatively stable lignin nanoparticles prepared from H2O-ETH co-solvent. The structural analysis of lignin nanoparticles revealed that LNPs maintained the lignin aromatic skeleton, C-O-C/C-C linkages and basic structural units (G, S and H). So far, this research offered great potential for the preparation of lignin-based materials from abundant forestry waste camellia shell.
查看更多>>摘要：Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world's most essential fiber-producing crop. The Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region is the largest cotton-growing region on our planet; superior local environments, unique cultivation management measures, and excellent cotton cultivars have ensured its irreplaceable role. However, the origin of the higher yield production and elite fiber quality observed with genetically improved upland cotton cultivars in this region remains largely unknown. Here, we resequenced 486 accessions with ~10.51-fold coverage and identified approximately 4.49 million SNPs with which to evaluate population variation. Considering population kinship and phenotypic differences in terms of fiber-related traits, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and seed germination parameters, we present that cultivars in the northwest inland region (NIR) are largely different from those grown in other regions of China (OTHER). NIR accessions featured significantly higher average values for fiber length (FL) and strength (FS), and also better drought tolerance. Moreover, a huge divergence in genomic variation (SNPs) was identified between the two groups, with 1967 genes in NIR and 1538 in OTHER accessions harboring nonsynonymous, stop gain, or stop loss SNPs. Through a genome-wide association study, we detected 502 significant associated loci: 210 across all accessions, 182 in OTHER, and 110 in NIR. A large number exhibited specific trait associations between different cotton-growing regions, accelerating differential yield production and fiber quality in their respective local environments. Our results shed substantial light on the genomic basis of genetic improvement mechanisms, provide a foundation for genetic manipulation and molecular selection towards cotton improvement, and will enable further breeding improvement analysis of polyploid plants.
查看更多>>摘要：Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an ideal biodegradable polymer material, widely applied in some disposable areas, such as packaging, biomedical and health care. However, its inherent brittleness, poor heat resistance and mono-functionality limit its application to a certain extent. In this study, PLLA-PCL-lignin nanocomposites (lignin nanoparticles (LNP) grafted with PLLA and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) copolymer) produced by melt processing, were used as an interfacial compatibilizer. Meanwhile, partial replacement of PLLA by PDLA, in combination with an annealing treatment, were considered to enhance mechanical and heat-resistance of neat matrix. Mechanical thermal,optical properties, and heat resistance of the nanocomposites were comprehensively investigated. Interestingly, the notched impact strength was significantly increased from 2.3 (neat PLLA) to 15.3 and 12.1 kJ/m(2) for L8-C2 and LD8-C2 samples (PLLA, PDLA and PCL shorted as L, D and C, respectively), respectively. The lignin containing nanocomposite films also showed excellent UV-B resistance, due to the presence of LNP. Furthermore, a remarkable improvement of storage modulus up to 355 and 221 MPa at 90 degrees C was obtained for h-LD9-C1 and h-LD8-C2 (heat treatment shortened as h) via annealing treatment, enhancement ascribed to the transformation from homocrystallites to stereocomplex crystallites. As a consequence, a toughened PLA-PCL-lignin nanocomposite with good heat- and UV-resistance was successfully prepared, enlarging its possible use as multi-functional PLA based engineering plastic.
Chanotiya, C. S.Srivastava, ShubhamLal, R. K.Yadav, Kamlesh...
10页
查看更多>>摘要：Ocimum basilicum L., is most popular fragrant herb renowned for its immense application. However, a plethora of studies revealed terpenoids and phenylpropanoids as marker chemicals with known identities. We herein report two unique chemotypes developed in CSIR-CIMAP for their compositional variability and biological activities. Essential oils obtained from aerial parts of both the chemotypes were analyzed in capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry systems on 5% diphenyl- and cyclodextrin coated fused silica columns. The statistical analysis was carried out to validate the phytochemical data of consecutive years and also to calculate the variability. The phenylpropanoids dominated the volatile fractions of chemotype II (72.5-77.5%) in comparison to chemotype I (29.8-40.0%) essential oil. In the contrary, sesquiterpenoids (16.4-17.4%) and monoterpenoids (33.5-43.9%) contributed oil composition of chemotype I in diverse proportions. The presence of single images of R-(+)-camphor and R-(-)-linalool were established in both the oils analyzed on a ethyl substituted cyclodextrin-based column. Essential oils were tested for biological activities against C. albicans, S. aureus, and E. coli. meta-Eugenol, the marker compound isolated from chemotype I showed best inhibition against C. albicans. In conclusion, meta-eugenol-rich chemotype I with high essential oil yield (0.1-0.8%) was identified as an alternative source for meta-eugenol.
查看更多>>摘要：The study was aimed to develop and characterize plant extract (Brassica oleraceae) loaded ethosomal gel for the valuation of cosmeceutical applications with a credence that botanical extracts have a greater capability to be employed in the formulation of advanced pharmaceuticals. Phytochemical profiling via FT-IR analysis, total bioactive contents of different polarity extracts (ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl-acetate and chloroform) and quantification by using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) assay was carried out. Capabilities against oxidative stress were prodded through 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reduction potential analyses. Besides this, a correlation amongst total bioactive contents (TPC/TFC) and antioxidant potentials (biological activities) was studied by multi-variate statistical analysis. An augmented ethosomal preparation, after characterization and stability studies was incorporated to the gel matrix of Carbopol-940; Test/ EG (Ethosomal gel) with a Control/NEG (Non-ethosomal gel) formulation. Both formulations were then subjected to in-vitro characterization (organoleptic evaluation, pH, conductivity and rheology) of 90 days. By permeation studies flux (mu g/cm2/hr); enhancement ratio was calculated and characterization of release data was done by using different kinetic models. The plant extracts revealed the presence of different functional groups along with 39.6 +/- 0.5 mgGAE/g; 26.56 +/- 0.4 mgQE/g phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively; HPLC assay confirmed the existence of Quercetin, Gallic, Caffiec, Benzoic, Syringic and Sinapic Acids with highest antioxidant activity of 87.75% +/- 1.18 in hydro-alcoholic fraction. Optimized ethosomal formulation exhibited entrapment efficiency of 68.57 +/- 1.25, smallest vesicle size of 228.6 +/- 1.17 nm with - 21.3 +/- 0.15, zeta potential and a homogeneous size distribution of 0.233 +/- 0.02. Significant results were obtained after in-vitro characterization. Both formulations followed Korsmeyer-peppas model with flux 35.499 and 21.731 mu g/cm2/hr respectively and enhancement ratio 1.63. Thus, a stable ethosomal loaded gel of Brassica oleraceae extract was successfully developed and characterized for cosmeceutical potential.
查看更多>>摘要：Andrographis paniculata, a traditional bulk herb known as a natural antibiotic, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) act in a variety of physiological processes in plants, such as plant development, secondary metabolism and abiotic stress responses. There has been no report so far in the research on the bHLH gene family in A. paniculata. In our study, genome-wide analysis was performed for the A. paniculata bHLH (ApbHLH) gene family, and a total of 122 ApbHLH genes (ApbHLHs) were identified, which were renamed on the basis of their physical locations on the chromosomes and the contig numbers. They were classified into 26 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis, validated by analyses of conserved motifs and gene structures. Subsequently, chromosome distribution, cis-regulatory elements (CREs), syntenic analysis and gene expression profiling were undertaken. The ApbHLHs were randomly distributed on 24 chromosomes, of which three ApbHLHs were localized on unassembled scaffolds. Gene duplication events indicated that ApbHLHs were mainly subject to strong purifying selection during evolution and were affinely closer to dicotyledons, especially Sesamum indicum and Solanum lycopersicum. In addition, the qRT-PCR results revealed that ApbHLHs had specific expression profiles under salinity, salicylic acid (SA) and 6benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatments, especially ApbHLH47 and ApbHLH109, which were significantly down regulated under all three treatments. It implies that they have essential functions in response to abiotic stresses and plant development, and thus can be considered as candidate regulatory factors for further study.
Di Sotto, AntonellaGulli, MarcoAcquaviva, AlessandraTacchini, Massimo...
11页
查看更多>>摘要：Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) female inflorescences have long been considered as waste material in the hemp production chain. However, past studies focused on the valorization of female inflorescences as high quality byproducts with promising health-promoting applications. In line with this evidence, the present research investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties with a comparative approach on two essential oils (EOs) obtained from the inflorescences of the industrial hemp varieties Kompolti and Tisza. The EOs composition in terpenes and terpenophenols was determined. The effects of the EOs in modulating the viability of different cancer cell lines was investigated. Whereas, in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells, the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin was measured, as an index of neuromodulatory activity. Moreover, the EO mycostatic properties were explored towards different dermatophyte species. The prominent terpenes were isocaryophyllene, alpha-humulene, and beta-caryophyllene oxide in both Kompolti and Tisza EOs, whereas cannabidiol and cannabigerolic acid were the main terpenophenols, respectively. Both essential oils inhibited the viability of different cancer cells; particularly, the essential oil of Tisza variety displayed a marked cytotoxicity in cholangiocarcinoma cells. A possible role of both terpenophenols and caryophyllane sesquiterpenes as bioactive anticancer compounds has been hypothesized. While cannabidiol could contribute to the stimulation of hypothalamic serotonin release by Kompolti EO. The essential oils also produced antimycotic effects, for which beta-caryophyllene oxide could be partly responsible. Overall, the present findings highlight pharmacological properties of Kompolti and Tisza EOs, which deserve further investigations and strengthen the interest in industrial hemp inflorescences as valuable source of bioactive extracts and compounds.
查看更多>>摘要：Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) originated in China and has long been popular worldwide as an ornamental crop. In recent years, peony seed oil (PSO) as edible oil has received extensive attention due to its richness in unsaturated fatty acids, especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). In this work, fatty acid mixture-1 (FAM-1) and fatty acid mixture-2 (FAM-2) with different ALA concentrations were prepared from PSO by saponification and freezing crystallization. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the composition and proportions of microemulsions (MEs), which were used to embed PSO and FAM. Based on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, PSO ME prepared possessed a droplet size of 54.6 nm using a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 80 as the surfactant, while FAM-1 ME and FAM-2 ME owned droplet sizes of 30.1 and 29.7 nm using Tween 20 as the surfactant, respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that the MEs had good dispersibility, and rheological analysis demonstrated excellent resistance to shearing rate changes. Besides, three MEs all exhibited good stability at 4 C by microemulsification during the 60-day storage period in terms of droplet size, pH, and electrical conductivity. The water solubility and viscosity exhibited by the three synthetic MEs showed large potential to expand the application in cosmetics, medicine, and food industry.
查看更多>>摘要：Salvia officinalis is commonly used as an ingredient in the food industry and has been shown to possess several biological activities. The essential oil (EO) of S. officinalis is characterized by thujones compounds, which are subjected to certain limits in the European Union (EU), as food additive. Sage inflorescences have different profile compared to leaves, with lower content in thujones, and could be exploited in the food sector. The yield of S. officinalis inflorescence can be affected by various cultural techniques, while postharvest management of the raw material could affect the EO quality, depending on whether it is extracted from fresh or dried inflorescences. In this regard, studying the factors which have a role in the EO quality and quantity is necessary. A 2-year study has been conducted to compare inflorescences and oil yield of three sage selections (S. officinalis; S. officinalis subsp. lavandulifolia; and S. officinalis 'Extrakta'), at two plant densities (4.76 plants/m(2); 2.86 plants/m(2)), and two weed control techniques (manual vs. mulching). After harvest, the additional effect of two postharvest management systems (EO from fresh herbs; EO from 50 degrees C oven-dried herbs) on the EO quality was assessed too. All the tested selections synthesised low thujone contents in the inflorescences. The study showed that the plants age can influence the EO profile, while genetic can interact with some cultural techniques, leading to an increase in the EO content, and to the EO profile modification. The drying process changed the EO composition according to the drying temperatures. In specific, the oven-drying temperature of 50 degrees C reduced the EO content by 75%, according to the used chemical compound. Furthermore, the results showed that 50 degrees C, the most commercial temperature used for drying herbs, is less suitable to preserve the terpene fraction of the EO of sage inflorescences, suggesting that either lower temperatures or other drying methods should be recommended.
查看更多>>摘要：Due to its interesting properties, attention has been oriented to the production of cellulose nanofibrils. However, the cellulose isolation requires the combination of several steps which are generally very energy consuming. This is one of the main limitations for the use and industrialization of such materials. Trying to participate in the resolution of this probleme, lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils are produced for the first time from Posidonia oceanica waste. Fibers are alkali-extracted by a conventional soda cooking in autoclave or by alkaline steam explosion. As conventional refining of unbleached fibers is difficult, a comparative study is carried out to test alternative processes for fiber fibrillation (twin-screw extrusion (1 pass) or steam explosion (during 3 times)). Actually, these two processes are known to be environmentally friendly and low energy consuming. For microfibrillation, an ultra-fine friction grinder is used to prepare lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils. The obtained gels are characterized by several properties such as morphological analysis (Morfi, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy) and turbidity measurements. Papers and nanopapers are prepared by filtration to investigate the mechanical properties. All these analysis methods allow discussing the efficiency of the different process combinations. It is concluded that steam explosion could be an alternative method for Posidona fiber extraction, while for refining the process conditions should be optimized. Finally, it is found that LCNF produced from extruded pulps (whatever the fiber extraction method) exhibit promising properties comparing with other unbleached CNF.
NSTL
Elsevier