Paz-Cedeno, Fernando RobertoCarceller, Jose MiguelDonato, Ricardo KeitelRodriguez, Anselmo Fortunato Ruiz...
14页
查看更多>>摘要：Sugarcane bagasse (SB) was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using an enzyme cocktail immobilized on magnetic graphene oxide particles (GO-MNP). The thermal, storage, pH, and operational stabilities of the immobilized enzymes, including exoglucanase, endoglucanase, 13-glucosidase, xylanase, and 13-xylosidase, were evaluated. The half-life of the biocatalyst (GO-MNP-Enz) was longer than that of the free enzymes at temperatures above 45 degrees C, with the exception of endoglucanase. SB was subjected to pretreatments generating sulfiteNaOH pretreated SB (SSB) and chlorite pretreated SB (CSB). The enzymatic hydrolysis of SSB and CSB was evaluated using free enzymes and GO-MNP-Enz. The cellulose and xylan conversion of SSB using free enzymes was higher than using GO-MNP-Enz; however, a similar result was obtained after 72 h. This did not occur in the hydrolysis of CSB, in which at the end of 72 h, conversion using GO-MNP-Enz did not reach the levels obtained with free enzymes. GO-MNP-Enz was successfully reused in several SSB hydrolysis cycles, maintaining an efficiency of approximately 80% and presenting the highest turnover frequency when compared with previous results reported in literature. Finally, these results show that the immobilization of cellulases and xylanases improves their operational stability and the obtained GO-MNP-Enz can be used for various SB hydrolysis cycles.
查看更多>>摘要：Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai is abundantly artificially cultivated for industrial use as an essential pharmaceutical and chemical raw material in China. In this work, five new meroterpenoids (1-5), along with one analog (6) and six known sesquiterpene dimers (7-12) were isolated from Sarcandra glabra. The chemical structures, including absolute configurations, were deduced by extensive spectroscopic methods combined with quantum mechanical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations, Mo-2(OAc)(4)- induced ECD experiments, and customizable DP4 + probability analysis. Compounds 1-6 are biogenetically assembled by the cyclization of gentisicacid and monoterpene, featuring a novel 6/6/6-fused ring system. Compounds 4 and 5 possess significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia (BV2) cells, while compounds 8 and 9 displayed an approximately equal effect to Dexamethasone. The analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and molecular docking showed 4 and 5 could play an anti-neuroinflammatory role by regulating heat shock proteins 90AA1 (Hsp90AA1). This study provided evidence for further research and utilization of S. glabra in anti-neuroinflammatory medicinal products.
查看更多>>摘要：Equal-arc shaped bamboo split (EASB) is an ecological material, and the material utilization rate is as high as 85%. With EASB as the basic unit, various arc-shaped products can be manufactured widely. EASB cleverly uses the indispensable drying process in the bamboo industry to manufacture. The bamboo splits deformation mainly undergoes two processes: uniform heating to complete softening and rapid deformation. After the arc is fixed, a wider arc-shaped bamboo split is obtained, with a width up to 100 mm. The sclerenchyma fibers showed displacement along the tensile stress direction, and the distance between vascular bundles was slightly reduced. The parenchyma's cell wall-to-lumen area ratio was reduced by 19.4%, and cracks and plastic deformation appeared in the cell wall slippage, but there is no evident densification in the bamboo split. EASB overcomes the challenge of use in standard arcs due to its different shapes, while retaining the natural texture and gradient structure of bamboo. Analyzing the deformation in the EASB manufacturing process is beneficial to understanding the EASB deformation law. Moreover, it provides a basis for the later EASB manufacturing process with different radians and biomass biomimetic materials.
查看更多>>摘要：This review paper reports the detailed assessment of biofuel (bio-oil and biodiesel) production capabilities and the potential utilization of Azolla macroalgae in bioremediation and biofertilizer applications. Biodiesel and its blends were utilized in the transportation sector to minimize fossil fuel emissions and greenhouse gas (GHG). Another significant biofuel is bio-oil, which is produced by pyrolysis of biomasses. High energy density combined with easiness of storage and transportation of bio-oil compared to gaseous products, bio-oil is considered a possible source to replace petroleum fuel for power production. The key reason for choosing Azolla species as feedstock for biofuel production is its sustainability, high lipid and energy content. Besides, the Azolla grows in simple wetlands and wastewater, which is efficient and cost-effective. The results from the various literature ensured that the Azolla based biofuels are a better alternative to fossil fuels. The wastewater from the industries and nuclear power plants contains pollutants such as heavy metals and metalloids. Heavy metals cause several damage to the ecosystem. The conventional methods of treating wastewater are expensive and time-consuming, whereas the bioremediation method provides low-cost alternate methods. The removal of heavy metals from wastewater is achieved using Azolla algae, a biological source present in ditches and ponds. Azolla quickly spreads as a dense layer over the water surface and adsorbed heavy metals from the wastewater. The current study critically reviewed the Azolla's potential capacity to be used in the phytoremediation method and remove the heavy metals from wastewater to better environmental conditions. In addition, Azolla is reported as a biofertilizer and green manure in gardens and rice fields due to their high cellulosic content.
查看更多>>摘要：Zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate were used as additives to provide an effective simultaneous mordanting and dyeing process (meta mordant) for wool yarns with madder dyes extracted by ultrasound. In the dyeing procedure, aluminum sulfate and ferrous sulfate were used as mordants. A response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design was used to optimize the dyeing technique. Results showed that the highest color strength of dyed samples was achieved at 105-110 min at 1:30 ratio of aluminum sulfate to zinc sulfate, 1:10 ratio of aluminum sulfate to magnesium sulfate, and pH of 2.5-3. It was observed that the dyeing of yarns with extracted dye and ferrous sulfate could be carried out without using additives. The color properties of dyed yarns using the novel approach were compared to samples dyed using the conventional method (pre-mordant). The findings revealed that dyed samples using the novel approach had the same or greater color strength as dyed samples using the pre-mordant procedure. L* , a* , and b* of the dyed yarns by extracted dyes and aluminum sulfate in the presence of magnesium sulfate were approximately the same with yarns dyed by the pre-mordant method. Also, the color fastness properties of dyed samples by meta mordant method were acceptable in terms of wash, light, and rub fastnesses. Nearly similar or better color stability was achieved compared to the common method. In this respect, a novel efficient one bath method was introduced for deep dyeing of wool yarns with extracted madder dyes which can decrease the negative environmental impacts such as pollutants, water consumption, and energy in comparison to other conventional methods.
查看更多>>摘要：Intercropping is an adapted farming system to optimize resource-use efficiency and crop yield, particularly in low input agricultural systems. Due to the beneficial eco-agricultural effects of grain legumes, their integration in mixed cropping systems such as intercropping systems can be more beneficial to soil fertility, soil functioning, and nutrient cycling. About 16-22% of the world's food is provided by cropping systems. On smallholder farms in Eastern and Southern Africa, the integration of legumes has the potential to increase maize (Zea mays) production up to 35% (e.g., Maize-pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping). Legume-based intercropping systems can also promote rhizobacterial community diversity and soil health by enhancing symbiotic and non-symbiotic beneficial population. In the rhizosphere, the bacterial community is required to improve the growth and health of both intercrops due to several "direct and indirect" mechanisms involving plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This review aims to highlight the importance of both legume-based intercropping and root associated microorganisms particular emphasis on rhizobacteria; since the whole "crop-crop-microorganism" system has the potential to improve crop agro-physiological performance. This study also discusses the key role of legumes as intercrops being fully synergistic with PGPR contributing to crop yield stability under stressful conditions, notably drought and nutrient deficiency. Thus, intercropping can be used as an agroecological practice to ensure the sustainability of production.
Nugroho, AgungMaharani, Dessy MaulidyaLegowo, Agung CahyoHadi, Sutarto...
18页
查看更多>>摘要：Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) is considered an environmental threat due to its rapid growth and spread. Various studies have utilized water hyacinth fiber (WHF) as a reinforcement to strengthen the mechanical properties of biocomposites. A previous study reported that adding 5% of WHF improves the mechanical properties of the starch foam. The effect of applying a higher concentration of WHF with a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the properties of the starch foam is still unclear. This study investigates the effects of the addition of various concentrations of WHF, with and without polyvinyl alcohol, on the physical and mechanical properties of the starch foam. The foams were produced through a baking process with a thermo-pressing machine at lower and upper mold temperatures of 170 degrees C and 180 degrees C for 100 s. Five different WHF concentrations were tested, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, with and without the addition of 10% polyvinyl alcohol. The products were then tested for their characteristics, including mechanical (compressibility) strength, water absorption, morphological structure, density, color appearance, and biodegradability. The results showed that the addition of 10% WHF improved the physical and mechanical properties of the foams. However, over-supplementation (15% or more) had some weakening effects, such as lowering the compressibility strength, increasing the water absorption, and darkening the physical appearance of the products. The addition of 10% PVA also contributed positively to their compressibility, density, and water absorption characteristics.
查看更多>>摘要：Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. increasingly entered into people's daily life, but its quality has been greatly affected in recent years. Panax notoginseng is one of the representatives of the ginseng plant of Araliaceae, which is an important and precious local medicinal material in China. Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors play an irreplaceable position in the life of plants and have obvious reactions to stresses. However, studies on the growth and resistance of P. notoginseng basic helix-loop-helixs under Nitrogen stress have not been extensively explored. In this paper, the 126 P. notoginseng basic helix-loop-helixs were analyzed by virtue of their chromosomal localization. The 98 genes were located on 12 chromosomes irregularly. In addition, collinearity events were mainly composed of fragment repetitions. Through phylogenetic analysis, the proteins were divided into 22 subgroups. The same set of genes had semblable motifs, gene structures, and cis-acting elements. Tissue specificity revealed expression levels of P. notoginseng basic helix-loop-helixs in roots, leaves, and flowers. Finally, some genes in the roots of P. notoginseng were differentially expressed under Nitrogen stress, especially P. notoginseng basic helix-loop-helix49 was significantly up-regulated. It can be used as a candidate gene which can resist Nitrogen stress. This study will not only lay the foundation to explore the functions of P. notoginseng basic helix-loop-helixs, but also be helpful for the further research of P. notoginseng.
查看更多>>摘要：Well-organized and self-assembled structures with hierarchical surface architectures have recently attracted considerable attention due to their potentially wide application range. Herein, remarkable lignin-based petaloid nanoflakes (LPNFs) were formed via the crystallization of polymeric lignin stearoyl esters (LSEs). A solvent exchange self-assembly technique using Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent in addition to ethanol, acetone, and water as nonsolvents was used to form LPNFs by the crystallization of the stearyl groups in LSEs during evaporation. The grafting level of the stearoyl groups in the LSEs, the difference of the nonsolvent, and the volume ratios of the solvent/nonsolvent during the solvent exchange process predominantly determined the formation of LPNFs via this process. The self-assembled structures could be constructed as spherical particles and as constituted LPNFs structures with well-organized petaloid nanoflakes. By introducing sufficient amounts of LPNFs patterns on the substrates (e.g., glass slide, paper, and wood), the hydrophilic substrates were successfully transformed into superhydrophobic surfaces. Thus, the synthesis of LSEs and the formation of LPNFs with tunable structures offer a new strategy for the derivation and value-added utilization of lignin.
查看更多>>摘要：Application of wood as a green and sustainable material is restricted due to its easy wrapping property, deformation, biological degradation and thermal instability. Coupling thermal treatment and silica sol penetration could overcome the weakness of natural wood, and synergistically improve the overall performance. Thermal treatment showed a significant effect on hydrophobicity, hygroscopicity, surface color and compressive strength. It reduced the compressive strength to some extent due to the degradation of cell wall polymers (hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose). At above 200 degrees C, the degradation of cell wall polymers, rather than hornification, was in the leading position, dominating the compressive strength. Changes in the component and structure of cell walls (chemical and physical environment) helped the penetration and deposition of silica sol owing to extra channels and enlarged pore size. Satisfied silica sol incorporation in thermally treated wood further improved the surface hydrophobicity, dimensional stability, surface hardness, and compensated the reduction on compressive strength. It was attributed to the -OH consumption (cell wall polymers degradation) and filling effect caused by silica sol networks (Si-O-Si and Si-O-C bonds) in wood. The improved thermal stability was ascribed to the coverage effect of silica sol on the inner-surfaces of wood, which could be treated as a physical barrier to prevent heat conduction. Eventually, we proposed a mechanism concerning the combination treatment for preparing silica-mineralized wood. This work opens an eco-friendly way to produce bio-based materials with high quality to be used in outdoor applications or humid environments.
NSTL
Elsevier