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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Citral induces plant systemic acquired resistance against tobacco mosaic virus and plant fungal diseases

    Pan, XiaoyuYang, YizhouLi, YimingGuo, Wenhui...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCO) has a wide range of industrial uses. This study found that LCO has significant anti-TMV activity and that its active components are monoterpenoids. Citral, the main active component of the oil, showed outstanding anti-TMV activity. The protective, inactive, and curative efficacies of citral (500 mu g/mL) against TMV were 76.27%, 55.14%, and 50.42%, respectively, which were significantly better than those of the positive control agent, chitosan oligosaccharide. Citral showed no direct effect on TMV particles but did induce hypersensitive response (HR). Bioassay results showed that citral induced significant plant disease resistance activity (68.20% at a concentration of 500 mu g/mL). The results of physiological and biochemical experiments showed that citral induced the overexpression of defense enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD, and PAL in tobacco (which increased by 5.3, 1.9, 3.0, and 4.0 times at a concentration of 500 mu g/mL, respectively) as well as induced the overexpression of PR proteins, including NPR1, PR1, PR2, and PR5 (which increased by 23.49, 39.27, 34.47, and 52.07 times at a concentration of 500 mu g/mL, respectively). These results suggest that citral could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. Further mechanism studies conducted suggest that citral induces the overexpression of genes related to salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, including PAL, ICS, and PBS3 (50.74, 30.41, and 31.95 times higher than the control at a concentration of 500 mu g/mL, respectively) and the accumulation of SA (5.1 times higher than the control at a concentration of 500 mu g/mL). These results suggest that citral activates SAR through the SA pathway. The control efficacies induced by citral (500 mu g/mL) on Erysiphe cucurbitacearum, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum reached 67.39%, 59.61%, and 63.81%, respectively, indicating that citral can induce plant resistance against fungal diseases. The induced plant disease resistance activity of citral is prominent, with a long duration and a broad spectrum, performing better than the commercial agent chitosan oligosaccharide. Citral thus has the potential to be developed into a new botanical-derived antivirus agent and plant immunity activator.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Utilization of corn cob, an essential agricultural residue difficult to disposal: Composite board manufactured improved thermal performance using microencapsulated PCM

    Choi, Ji YongNam, JiheeYun, Beom YeolKim, Young Uk...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Among agricultural residues, corn cob (CC) is an essential residue of corn. Unlike common agricultural residues, CC is nutrient-dense and difficult to recycle as fertilizer or feed. Its fiber composition is similar to that of wood, allowing it to act as a wood substitute. In this study, we evaluated the usability of CC in buildings by preparing a composite board composed of CC powder and microencapsulated phase-change material (MPCM). The fibrous and porous sponge structures of CC were confirmed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The sponge structure can be impregnated with MPCM, as confirmed by the SEM image of the CCB (corn-cob composite board with MPCM). In addition, contact angle measurements confirmed the adhesiveness of the composite board, where CCB50 showed the best adhesive strength. To determine the effect of the MPCM on the composite, the thermal performance was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic thermal analysis. The DSC analysis confirmed that CCB50 had a latent heat of 20.11 J/g at a melting point of 27.8 C, and the thermal performance was greatly improved. The temperature behavior of the specimen was investigated by heating and cooling using a heating film. During the heating process, the thermal storage effect was apparent in the temperature data of CCB25 and CCB50, and a time-delay effect was observed during the cooling process; these phenomena were clearly visible in the thermal image and were caused by the thermal preservation of the MPCM. CCB is a composite manufactured from biomaterials and can be used as a building material with high thermal performance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Does pollination alter the cannabinoid composition and yield of extracts from hemp (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Finola) flowers?

    Todd, JamesSong, HaifengVan Acker, Rene
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study was undertaken to compare cannabinoid levels and yields in floral extracts from unpollinated and artificially pollinated industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Finola) flowers grown under identical growth chamber conditions. Of the 16 cannabinoids analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the levels of 10, cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabinol (CBN) cannabinolic acid (CBNA), delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(8)-THC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA) were near or below the limit of quantification. Total delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was present at concentrations below the legal limit of 0.3% (w/w). The level of cannabidiol (CBD) in extracts from pollinated flowers was the same as that from unpollinated flowers, but cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) levels were not. This suggested that, although pollination changes the pool sizes of the precursors in the metabolic pathway leading to CBD production, cannabinoid levels in floral extracts from the Finola cultivar, were reduced but not eliminated, by pollination of hemp flowers compared with levels in floral extracts from unpollinated flowers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Plant bioactive volatile products and their efficiency in aphid control

    Pascual-Villalobos, M. J.Diaz, I.Martin, F.Canto-Tejero, M....
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The "farm-to-fork strategy " of the European Union aims to reduce dependency on pesticides and towards increased use of low-risk products, such as those based on botanical extracts. A product based on the mixture of the five natural compounds selected for their repellent or insecticidal properties, namely citral, (E)-anethole, farnesol, cis-jasmone and lemon essential oil, was evaluated against Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Three formulations were prepared using various surfactants at different ratios: the first one with Tween80, the second one with soy (Glycine max (l.) Merr.) lecithin and the third one with soy lecithin and sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus L.). The oil-in-water nanoemulsions at 1% were tested in a laboratory study with Petri dishes using a computer-controlled spraying apparatus (equivalent application of 200 l/ha). The mean efficacy was 45%, 71% and 63%, respectively, with a least statistically significant difference (LSD) at 5% comparing the first two formulations. A field experiment (in two pepper, Capsicum anuum L., greenhouses) at Torreblanca Exp. Stat. in Murcia (Spain) followed in April 2020 in which a reduction in aphid populations only occurred by spraying the product formulated with soy lecithin. Phytotoxicity was also observed but was lower in the formulation that contained sunflower oil. Nanoemulsions were characterised using a Zetasizer, and a polydispersion of 2-3 populations of particles, ranging from 15 to 341 nm in size, was found with the Tween80 formulation and bigger sizes (250-438 nm) with the soy lecithin and sunflower oil formulation, which were more stable (Z potential =-28.15 mV). The application of ultrasounds reduces the Z-average to 100 nm in the mixture product with stability for at least 14 days. Another field experiment was repeated in February and April 2021. The plants were sprayed sequentially with the following: a) mixture product at 0.5% formulated with soy lecithin and sunflower oil, b) 3% cottonseed (Gopsyppium hirsutum L.) oil in 3% soap water (Feb.) or 1.5% cottonseed oil in 1.5% soap water (Apr.) and c) cis-jasmone at 0.25% formulated with Tween80. The treatment with the mixture of bioactive volatiles (a) was not more effective than that of the fixed seed oil (b). In February, the instantaneous population growth rate (ri) of aphid populations showed a significant reduction when the plants were sprayed with cottonseed oil. Further research is recommended for the formulation and application methods of the products being developed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress on lavender using biodynamic preparations and bio-fertilizers

    Khatami, Seyed AhmadKasraie, PourangOveysi, MeysamMoghadam, Hamid Reza Tohidi...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sustainable agriculture involves different environmental methods of farming that cause the production of crops by conserving natural resources and preserving biodiversity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers and biodynamics on some characters of lavender under salinity stress. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three factors including four levels of biological fertilizers (i.e., control, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and a combination of Azotobacter and Azospirillum), three levels of biodynamic (BD; i.e., control, BD compost, and BD preparations), and three concentrations of salinity stress (i. e., 0, 50, and 100 mM). The results showed that plant height (PH), stem length (SL), root length (RL), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), total chlorophyll (TChl), and essential oil yield (EOY) were significantly decreased by salinity stress (P < 0.01). According to the results, the interaction effect of the BD preparations with Azotobacter bacteria was the most effective treatment for significant enhancement of FW, DW, RWC, and EOY under salinity stress. Also, the interaction effect of BD preparations with Azospirillum was the best treatment to enhance the PH, SL, and RL under salinity stress. Based on the results, it is suggested that the interaction of the BD preparations and biofertilizers could be applied as a salt alleviator to enhance the EOY.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A new method for bio-degumming in less-water environment: Solid-state-fermentation progressive bio-degumming

    Ren, YuanLin, HongyuGong, JixianLi, Zheng...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Water saving and environmental protection is the key objective for material process. Bast fiber like flax and ramie was considered as sustainable resource for fiber. Degumming was the first and necessary process for abstracting fiber. Although bio-degumming was seen as energy saving and environmentally friendly method compared with conventional chemical process, considerable amount of water can be consumed and convert to waste water in traditional bio-degumming of bast fiber. In this investigation, the approach of bio-degumming was improved by combining of solid-state fermentation (SSF) method with deconstructing biomass recalci-trance, and a novel degumming method of solid-state-fermentation progressive bio-degumming (SPB) process was constructed for abstracting bast fiber with less water. The bio-recalcitrance of flax bast was break using cryogenic treatment and then the gum in flax bast was degraded with solid-state fermentation. Compared with conventional chemical degumming, more than 95% of Chemicals and 55% of water can be save in process of flax fiber with SPB method. Moreover, high quality flax fiber can be obtained in this SPB process and the degummed fiber have higher breaking strength (1.22 Mpa) and bigger molecular weight (105.7 kg/mol) than that obtained by chemical method (0.99 Mpa and 86.1 kg/mol). This SPB method also have obviously advantage that tradi-tional bio-degumming base on liquid fermentation in consumption of water and production of waste water. Considering the mild temperature, the approach of SPB may provide a low-carbon and energy-saving technology for extracting fiber from bast plant. Thus, the SPB method presented in this study propose a novel strategy for process bast fiber in more green and sustainable way.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Enhanced performance of cellulose nanofibre reinforced styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites modified with epoxidised natural rubber

    Balachandrakurup, VenugopalGopalakrishnan, Jayalatha
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present work focuses on the potential use of Pandanus kaida proproot cellulose nanofibre as reinforcing filler for styrene butadiene rubber (S) vulcanizates in the presence of epoxidised natural rubber (E) as modifier. The incompatibility between the polar cellulose and non-polar styrene butadiene rubber can be overcome by the use of epoxidised natural rubber (E). This is a facile process compared to other strategies where cellulose nanofibers are chemically modified thus making the process expensive. Initially, cellulose nanofibre was extracted from Pandanus kaida prop root via hydrothermal assisted oxalic acid hydrolysis. FESEM image revealed that cellulose nanofibres (PN) had a diameter of around 15-30 nm. S/PN masterbatches were prepared via latex stage mixing, co-coagulated, later melt-mixed with E and other compounding ingredients followed by vulcanisation. The investigation of mechanical properties revealed that PN nanofiber at 5 phr loading (S/PN5) resulted in enhanced properties. For further improvement, epoxidised natural rubber (E) was used as modifier at various loadings in S/PN5. At 1 phr of E loading (S/PN5/E1), the tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and abrasion resistance index improved significantly by 150%, 47%, 93% and 19%, respectively, compared to S gum vulcanizates. Strain sweep studies indicated better fibre-matrix interaction in the presence of E1. DMA studies revealed a higher storage modulus, lower damping, higher cross-link density and lower adhesion factor for S/PN5/E1 composites.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Light intensity can be used to modify the growth and morphological characteristics of cannabis during the vegetative stage of indoor production

    Moher, MelissaLlewellyn, DavidJones, MaxZheng, Youbin...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Although the vegetative stage of indoor cannabis (Cannabis sativa) production can be relatively short in duration, there is a high energy demand due to higher light intensities (LI) than the clonal propagation stage and longer photoperiods than the flowering stage (i.e., >= 16 vs. 12 h). While electric lighting is a major component of both energy consumption and overall production costs, there is a lack of scientific information to guide cultivators in selecting a LI that corresponds to their vegetative stage production strategies. To determine the vegetative plant responses to LI, clonal plants of 'Gelato' (indica-dominant hybrid genotype) were grown for 21 days with canopy level photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging between 135 and 1430 mu mol.m(- 2).s(- 1) with a 16-h photoperiod (i.e., daily light integrals of 7.8-82.4 mol.m(- 2).d(- 1)). Plant height and growth index (i.e., a canopy volume metric) responded quadratically; the number of nodes, stem thickness, and aboveground dry weight increased asymptotically; and internode length and water content of aboveground tissues decreased linearly with increasing LI. Foliar attributes had varying responses to LI. Chlorophyll content index (i.e., SPAD value) increased asymptotically, leaf size decreased linearly and specific leaf weight increased linearly with increasing LI. Generally, PPFD levels of & AP;900 mu mol.m(- 2).s(-1) produced compact, robust plants while PPFD levels of & AP;600 mu mol.m- 2.s-1 promoted more open plant architecture (i.e., taller plants with longer internodes), which can increase intra-canopy airflow and may reduce development of potential foliar pests in compact (e.g., indicadominant) genotypes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Organic acids in conjunction with various oilseed sunflower cultivars promote Cd phytoextraction through regulating micro-environment in root zone

    Qiao, DongmeiHan, YangZhao, Yulong
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Exogenous chelates in conjunction with phytoextraction have been demonstrated as a prominent potential for remediating Cd-contaminated soils. Among bath chelates, low molecular-weight organic acids have the advantages of smaller impact on plant growth and lower negative effects on soil environment. In this research, oilseed sunflowers were selected as the main extraction plants, and the Cd phytoextraction effects of different cultivars, varies organic acid types and concentrations combinations were systematically examined. Results showed that adding exogenous organic acids improved biomass of all issues, but the increase varied with the cultivar. For both cultivars, their biomass increase with acid application concavely, with the acid application rate at which the biomass peaked differed between the two cultivars. Adding exogenous acids boosted Cd concentration in roots and shoots in general, but it reduced the Cd content in seeds as well as the rhizosphere and bulk soil. In addition to its impact on Cd, application of organic acids also reduced nutrient and salinity in the rhizosphere and promoted root uptake of nutrients as a result. Cd content plant an soil was closely related to nutrients in soil and plant. The organic acids reduced soil Cd and nutrients in soil proximal to the roots. It was also found that adding acids reduced Cd content in the top 0-10 cm soil but increased the Cd content in the 10-30 cm soil, alluding a potential leaching. Therefore, adding organic acids to improve phytoremediation of Cd needs to proceed with care.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physicochemical and biochemical variations of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) populations: A comparison of Iranian and imported types

    Ghani, AskarAmini, SomayeMohtashami, SaeidehNeamati, Seyyed Hossein...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a strategic plant that can be cultivated compatibly in many regions of Iran. Despite their long history in medicinal and nutritional applications, Iranian jujubes have been the subject of few studies so far. In the present study, we analyzed several physicochemical characteristics, nutritional values and antioxidant activity in eight Iranian jujube populations and in an imported jujube (known as the Belarusian jujube in Iran). The most important factors that were measured in the fruits included total flavonoid content, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and polyphenol compounds which were identified by HPLC. The compounds were, namely, catechin, gallic acid and vanillic acid, as well as protein content, along with several nutrient elements (i.e. P, K, Fe, Cu, Zn). The measurements also covered color index (L, a*, b*, Hue angle, Chroma) and physical properties. The results of the present study showed that most of the measured parameters varied significantly among the jujube populations. The highest flavonoid content (3.064 mg quercetin equivalent/g), total phenolic compounds (32.902 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and antioxidant activity (90.61%) were recorded in Abiz, an Iranian population. Esfeden and Abiz populations had the highest amounts of catechin (14.160 and 13.398 mg/g) and gallic acid (1.027 and 0.285 mg/g), respectively. The highest (3.38%) and lowest (2.31%) protein contents were recorded in Esfeden and Abiz populations, respectively. The imported types of jujube had the largest fruit diameter and length (25.74 and 34.83 mm, respectively). In sum, Abiz and Zirkuh populations had the best quality in terms of biochemical properties and, thus, they can be used potentially in industries or in plant breeding programs.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier