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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Variation in morphophysiological responses and differential expression of sennoside biosynthesis pathway genes under water stress in Cassia angustifolia Vahl

    NiloferKumar A.Khare P.Singh A.K....
    22页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The abiotic stress such as water, temperature, and drought influences the production of pharmacologically important secondary metabolites of plant as a defense mechanism. Cassia angustifolia Vahl. is a potent medicinal plant which yields sennosides from its leaves and pods and grow well under water stress condition. Its leaves and pods are used for the treatment of habitual constipation as a safe herbal laxative. The present study aimed to determine the response of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. to water stress in terms of expression of targeted genes involved in the synthesis of its major secondary metabolites i.e., sennosides. The four moisture regimes i.e., 60% available soil moisture (ASM), 40% ASM, 20% ASM, and rainfed along with control were imposed from 20 days after seed sowing to the harvesting of the crop. The four ages of the plant (60 days, 75 days, 90 days, and 105 days) were taken for evaluation of differential gene expression due to water stress. Results demonstrated that water stress significantly affected the morphophysiological characters, sennoside content and gene expression. Sennosides determination was done by performing HPLC, which showed an increasing trend with increasing moisture stress. Proline, MDA, carotenoid, and electrolyte leakage were also increased in support of sennoside increment at higher moisture stress conditions. The gene expression, stress enzymes, and morphophysiological parameters such as chlorophyll, carotenoid, and Fv/Fm demonstrated a significant correlation of sennoside content. The RT-PCR analysis showed the upregulation of genes associated with the Mevalonate (HMGR, PMK), Shikimate (SDH, SMK, CS), Menaquinone (menF), and Glycosylation (UDPG) pathways at rainfed and 20% ASM conditions, suggesting their involvement in increased secondary metabolite production under moisture stress conditions. However, plant age does not have any significant effect on gene expression.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fine mapping and characterization of the Crinkled Dwarf gene in cotton

    Fang S.Yao J.Li Y.Zhu S....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cotton (Gossypium) is an important natural fiber crop worldwide. Plant height, which is an important commercial cotton breeding trait, is also useful for plant architecture research. Crinkled Dwarf (cr), a natural mutant of Sea Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), simultaneously displays crinkled leaves and dwarfing. However, the genes controlling cr have not been characterized, and the molecular mechanism of the trait remains unknown. In this study, genetic analysis indicated that cr was likely controlled by a major recessive gene, although the cr phenotype was sensitive to environmental factors, including light intensity. Using bulked-segregant analysis and recombinant methods, the cr gene was mapped to a 35.8-kbp genomic interval on chromosome D03 that contained three annotated protein-coding genes. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that cr enhanced stress/disease resistance and repressed plant development/growth. Endogenous phytohormone measurements showed that most auxin compounds were decreased in the cr mutant. Although the cr mutation was insensitive to exogenous auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin treatments promoted and repressed main stem elongation, respectively. However, no hormone treatment could fully rescue the crinkled leaf phenotype. These findings will contribute to the breeding of cotton lines with improved plant architecture or yield, and aid in the dissection of the genetic basis of cr.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Solvothermal production of tea residue derived carbon dots by the pretreatment of choline chloride/urea and its application for cadmium detection

    Huang Z.-Y.Wu W.-Z.Li Z.-X.Wu Y....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cadmium contamination is a serious environmental issue and its detection is important. In this study, tea residue after pretreatment by the deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride/urea was used for one-pot solvothermal synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) applied in cadmium detection for the first time. The effect of choline chloride/urea molar ratio, reaction period, and reaction temperature on the CDs synthesis was learned and a promising synthesis system (choline chloride/urea molar ratio of 1:2, reaction at 200 °C for 8 h) was built. Under this reaction condition, the CDs yield and the quantum yield were 2.25% and 16.99%, respectively. The optical properties and structure of CDs were learned by fluorescence spectrophotometer, UV–vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). According to the characterization, the CDs had a strong peak at 410 nm with the corresponding excitation wavelength of 330 nm and contained various functional groups including hydroxyl, amino, and carbonyl. The CDs were suitable for cadmium detection by a linear standard curve with a high correlation coefficient (R2 =0.99). Overall, this study offers a promising method for utilization of waste biomass (tea residue) for fluorescent materials (CDs) production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Preparation of polyhydroxyl adsorbent and its application in the removal of Ginkgolic acids

    Kou Z.Wang C.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Extracts of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) have many biological activities, but contain a small amount of toxic ginkgolic acids, limiting the use of EGb. Based on the structural characteristics of ortho-hydroxy-carboxyl group on ginkgolic acids, we introduced hydrophilic polyhydroxy structure into hydrophobic polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) frameworks by reinitiation of suspended double bonds. A kind of adsorbent (DVA adsorbent) with hydrophobic - hydrophilic framework, uniform functional group distribution, high specific surface area and high crosslinking structure was synthesized. DVA adsorbent can selectively remove ginkgolic acids based on synergistic effect of multiple weak interactions with ginkgolic acids. DVA-20, which had the highest adsorption capacity and the best adsorption selectivity. After 30 bed volume (BV) adsorption solution was treated with DVA-20, the concentration of ginkgolic acids in the effluent decreased from 1781 ppm to 1.5 ppm, and the recovery of ginkgo flavonoids and lactones was nearly 100%. Moreover, DVA-20 has good repeatability. The EGb production process based on DVA-20 was established. The new process is continuous and can obtain both ginkgolic acids and EGb while meeting international standards, and has a very broad application prospect.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Supercritical production of extract from poplar containing bioactive substances – An economic analysis

    Olba-Ziety E.Stolarski M.J.Krzyzaniak M.Roj E....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The concept of a biorefinery entails, the multi-product use of biomass, which is processed to high quality products and afterwards the production residues are used for energy or other purposes. The maximum utilization of resources and the minimum impact on the natural environment are the two essential arguments attesting to the validity of this concept. Beside the environmental considerations, another important factor is the profitability of a production process, which underlies the market competitiveness of products. The main objective of the study presented in this article has been to analyse the life cycle costs and profitability of a chosen chain of values of two bioproducts: extract from poplar biomass and pellet from post-extraction residues, processed according to the concept of a biorefinery. The input raw material was biomass of poplar (Populus nigra × Populus maximowiczii (L.) Henry) grown in short rotations. The main bioproduct was dry extract, while post-extraction biomass was used to produce an energy co-product, which was pellet. The main bioproduct, generated by supercritical extraction, is an innovative ingredient of high-quality bioproducts, e.g. in veterinary medicine or in anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, production costs in a chain of values composed of dry extract and pellet from poplar biomass were determined. The analysis included the determination of capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenditures (OPEX) as well as life cycle costs (LCC). In addition, a production profitability analysis was made, where the profitability thresholds for production of dry extract and pellet were calculated, and the following investment profitability indicators were determined: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI) and discounted payback period (DPBP). The scope of analyses comprised the following system sets: subsystem I including expenditures and income related to the production of poplar chips in an annual cycle; subsystem II contained costs of transport to a drying plant, costs of drying and grinding as well as costs of transport to the next subsystem; subsystem III, known as a biorefinery, comprised expenditures and income related to the production of extract as well as costs and income related to the production of pellet. The highest capital expenditures (CAPEX) were incurred by the purchase (73%) and installation (22%) of a plant for supercritical extraction. In turn, the highest operating expenditures (OPEX) consisted of labor costs (59%) and costs of raw materials and utilities for the supercritical extraction process (37%). Production of extract and pellet was profitable.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Elucidating the formation of structural defects in flax fibres through synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast microtomography

    Bourmaud A.Guillou E.Pinsard L.De Luycker E....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The creation and ultrastructure of kink-bands in flax fibres are key issues for developing more and more performing biobased composite materials. Nevertheless, despite many hypotheses and structural characterisation, the exact origin of kink-bands and the moment they appear remain unexplained. Here, by using cutting-edge techniques such as microtomography, a range of flax stems and fibres, from the green stem to stretched fibres, were morphologically explored. The study shows that all the extracted fibres, whether scutched, combed or stretched, contain significant amounts of kink-bands, which can be identified by the large pores they contain. On the other hand, at the scale of the green or retted stems, tomographic analysis does not reveal any kink-bands. These original observations suggest that the stress undergone by the plants during their growth is not sufficient, without major growth or lodging accidents, to generate these structural defects; the latter are only revealed after mechanical extraction of the fibres. Hypotheses regarding the kink-band appearance deformation levels are also given to complete the observations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    How to enhance the agronomic performance of cactus-sorghum intercropped system: planting configurations, density and orientation

    Alves C.P.Souza L.S.B.D.Salvador K.R.D.S.Leite R.M.C....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Clarifying cultivation techniques and making production systems more efficient are practices that have been much sought after in agricultural systems in recent decades. In this context, the forage yield, biological efficiency, and competitive ability, of different cultivation strategies for intercropping forage cactus and sorghum were determined in biosaline production systems from 2018 to 2020 in Brazil. Four experiments were carried out, comprising: 1) cropping configurations for the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping system; 2 and 3) planting densities for the forage cactus intercropped with sorghum with an east-west and north-south row orientation, respectively; and 4) planting densities for the forage cactus and sorghum. Each experiment used a randomised block design with four replications. The intercropped forage cactus and sorghum showed higher productivity than the monocropped systems. The indices of biological efficiency (LER, ATER, LEC and SPI with mean values equal to 1.6, 1.8, 0.6 and 29.0, respectively) and competitive ability (ALGY in average 870.6) show better performance under the intercropped system compared to the single crops. The increased planting density resulted in an increase in productivity under the intercropped forage cactus-sorghum system (on average an increase of 69.4% dry matter). In turn, the orientation had no influence on the productivity of the intercropping system but offered better conditions for the forage cactus when cultivation was in an east-west direction (21.7 Mg ha?1 of dry matter) compared to north-south (17.5 Mg ha?1 of dry matter). Intercropping forage cactus and sorghum using biosaline agriculture is an excellent alternative for a production system in semi-arid environments, especially at higher planting densities (50,000 and 100,000 plants ha?1).
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pseudo lignin formed from hygrothermally treated holocellulose and its effect on fungal degradation

    Jiang J.Peng Y.Ran Y.Cao J....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Hygrothermal processes are widely used in modification of wood or other lignocellulosic materials to improve their decay resistance and dimensional stability. However, the mechanism behind the improved decay resistance is still unclear. In this study, hygrothermal modification of holocellulose was carried out at different temperature (℃) -duration (min) combinations (180?60, 220?60, 220?180), and the formation of pseudo lignin in modified holocellulose was verified. Its yield, as indicated by the acid insoluble substance, increased with the intensity of the hygrothermal modification from 0.11% for untreated holocellulose to 3.85%, 24.13%, and 65.86% for 180–60, 220–60, 220–180, respectively. According to the results of HPLC, FTIR, solid 13C NMR, 31P NMR, XRD and Py-GC-MS, the formed pseudo lignin contains polyfuran, aromatic, carbonyl and aliphatic structures. The formation pathway of pseudo lignin was proposed. It exhibited a significant inhibition effect against Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot fungus) with reduced mass losses from 6.89% for untreated holocellulose to 6.43%, 1.09% and 0.03% for 180–60, 220–60, 220–180, respectively; however, the inhibition effect against Coriolus versicolor (white rot fungus) was much less obvious. This provides an innovative point of view to explain the fungal degradation behavior of thermally modified wood or other carbohydrate materials.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fabrication of superhydrophobic/oleophilic starch cryogel via a simple sol-gel immersion process for removing oil from water

    Wang F.Ma R.Tian Y.
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Superhydrophobic/oleophilic adsorbents have attracted considerable attention for removing oil spill that poses a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem. Porous starch–based materials have been proved to have good oil absorption performance, but superhydrophobicity of these materials has not yet been realized. Herein, a superhydrophobic starch-based adsorbent (HTSC) was fabricated through a simple sol–gel immersion process of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of starch cryogel. The adsorbent was simultaneously provided with low surface energy and hierarchical micro/nanostructures via hydrolysis–condensation reaction. HTSC exhibited high water contact angle (>153.0°) and low sliding angle (<8.0°) as well as excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties. The structural support and stable chemical bonding endowed the material with good mechanical and chemical durability. HTSC also possessed reasonable oil adsorption performance (2.6–7.5 g/g), which was dominated by its porosity and followed pseudo-second-order model. Its selective wettability towards oil and water allowed it to be applied for oil removal under water and from the water surface. This novel superhydrophobic starch–based adsorbent shows promising application in oil spill cleanup.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Functionally modified cross-linked molecularly imprinted resins: separation and purification of camptothecin and its theoretical study

    Ma Y.Jiang M.Liu X.Xu X....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022This work has prepared a hyper-crosslinked molecularly imprinted resins (MIRs) with chloromethylated polystyrene resin as a carrier through post-crosslinked Friedel-Crafts and surface imprinting. The prepared MIRs were used for the selective separation and purification of camptothecin (CPT). The prepared MIRs are grafted with a large amount of active group phenol, which have good hydrophilicity and are favorable for application in aqueous environments. The results of Scatchard analysis and contact angle test have proved that MIRs have good adsorption capacity and excellent hydrophilicity. In addition, the results of density functional theory (DFT) analysis show that the possible interaction forces between the template molecule CPT and the functional monomer phenol are the hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction. Moreover, MIRs are successfully used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent to separate and purify CPT from Camptotheca acuminata fruit. The eluent obtained by SPE is analyzed through HPLC. The detection limit for CPT is 0.23 μg mL?1. The established method preforms high the recovery of CPT (91.2–103.4%) with relative standard deviation less than 4.5%. The reusability of MIRs adsorbent is also investigated, and the adsorption efficiency is still above 95% after being recycled five times. The study provides a feasible and efficient method for selective separate and purify CPT from complicated system.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier