查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Biobased chemical furfuryl alcohol is an important furfural-upgrading compound, which is mainly used to prepare fruit acids, resins, additives, polymers, fibers, and rocket fuels. In this study, one sustainable way for valorisation of biomass into furfuryl alcohol was developed via chemoenzymatic conversion in one-pot manner. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) CA:Betaine was prepared by mixing betaine and citric acid (CA). Using CA:Betaine (10 wt%) as catalyst and reaction medium, the carbohydrates (glucan plus xylan) in corncob (60 g/L) were firstly catalyzed to produce 74.6 mM furfural, 96.5 mM formic acid and 40.3 mM glucose at 170 °C for 30 min in CA:Betaine-water (10:90, wt:wt). Furthermore, co-expression of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase (SsCR) from Sporidiobolus salmonicolor in one E. coli was a good strategy for the efficient biosynthesis of furfuryl alcohol. Within 2 h, E. coli SF21 efficiently converted corncob-derived furfural (74.6 mM) to furfuryl alcohol in a yield of 95.8 % by using corncob-derived formate and glucose as co-substrates. The furfuryl alcohol productivity was obtained at 0.117 g furfuryl alcohol/g corncob (0.343 g furfuryl alcohol/g xylan). Overall, this study provided a novel chemoenzymatic strategy for catalysis of biomass into furfuryl alcohol in CA:Betaine-water.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. is an endangered traditional Chinese medical plant whose fruits can be used for medicinal purposes, and is mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains. Presently, little is known about the phenotypic diversity in natural populations of S. sphenanthera, and its fitness and evolutionary potential to the environmental factors, which is important for its conservation. In this study, we have made an in-depth research of the degree of phenotypic differentiation between and within populations, phenotypic diversity, environment factors on phenotypic differentiation, and the prediction of fruit phenotypes under different environments. The phenotypic diversity of S. sphenanthera fruits on a large scale (9 provinces, 25 counties) is evaluated by means of cluster analysis, principle component analysis, statistics of phenotypic traits diversity index and differentiation coefficient. Our data report a high degree of variation between the 25 populations for most morphological traits. The average phenotypic variation between populations accounts for 27.11%, and the average phenotypic variation within populations accounts for 72.89%. 25 populations are divided into four categories based on twelve fruit phenotypic traits of S. sphenanthera. Five counties in Shaanxi Province are grouped together (cluster I) where the highest single fruit weight and 100-berries fresh weight, which are most closely related to fruit weight. Correlation analysis is used to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and fruit phenotypes, and path analysis is used to analyse the effect of environmental factors on fruit phenotypes. There are many significant correlations between phenotype and environmental factors. Some factors have direct effects on phenotype, while others are indirect effect factors, for example, bio1 has direct effects on longitudinal and horizontal diameter of fruit and 100-berries weight (including fresh and dry weight), and has indirect effect on fruit pedicels length. Topographic and soil factors mainly affect phenotypes about fruit weight, and phenotypes of fruit shape are affected by topographic and climate factors. Our study propose a data-driven machine learning (ML) method, namely support vector regression (SVR), based on the results of path analysis, which can predict the phenotype of S. sphenanthera in different environments with high prediction accuracy. S. sphenanthera in five counties of Shaanxi Province (cluster I) can serve as an important source of genetic material for wild upbringing towards the development of new breed with high yield in this Chinese herb. This study also finds the environmental factors have significant effect on fruit weight-related phenotypes. The results of this study can provide data support for artificial cultivation to improve fruit yield.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Recently, sustainable fabrication of hygiene-related textiles combining bioactive substances and cleaner production technique has been increasingly emphasized. This research introduces an efficient ultrasonic-assisted electrostatic co-deposition strategy for colouristic, antibacterial and ultraviolet (UV) protective cotton fabric with trimethyl chitosan (TMC) – a chitosan derivative, and Glochidion ericarpum Champ leave extract (GECLE). Results reveal that TMC significantly promotes the adsorption of GECLE to cotton by creating additional cationic binding sites. Based on Pesudo first-/second-order kinetic models, chemisorption is verified as the dominant mechanism triggered by the electrostatic interaction between TMC and GECLE. Indicated by adsorption rate constant k, the efficiency under ultrasound is enhanced by 13.5 % (60 °C) and 23.8 % (80 °C). Correspondingly, the half adsorption time (t1/2) is shortened by 29.5 % (60 °C) and 37.9 % (80 °C), which approximately saves 16.66 × 103 kJ (60 °C) and 31.31 × 103 kJ (80 °C) of energy. Through mathematical modelling, the factors that influenced the colour depth occured in the following order of importance: Concentration > pH > Temperature. Under optimal condition (GECLE concentration 9.36 g/L, pH 1.63 and temperature 61.70 °C), a theoretical maximum K/S value of 10.25 is achieved. Integrating the analyses above, a triple interactive scheme among TMC, GECLE and cotton fibre is proposed. GECLE (10 g/L) treated cotton deactivates up to 95% of Escherichia coli with 80% retention after 5 repeated launderings, and also provides an ‘Excellent’ rate of UV shielding performance. In general, the ultrasonic-assisted eco-dyeing and finishing process for cotton is explored in depth from practical and theoretical perspectives, which pushes forward the development of sustainable textile industry.
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