查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cotton fabric, a cellulose-based substance, is widely utilized in our daily lives, yet it is simple to breed microorganisms and cause fires, a problem that must be addressed immediately. The goal of this research was to create a multi-purpose cotton fabric with biocidal efficacy and flame retardacy to lift a hand against harmful microorganism and fire hazard. To achieve this target, the typical reactivity of cyanuric chloride was utilized, and a reactive triazine-phosphonate N-halamine precursor (TDAD) was designed and deposited onto cotton fabric through traditional method. After chlorination, TDAD-modified cotton fabric presented strongly bactericidal effect against both positive and negative bacteria, all of which could be inactivated within 1 min. In addition, the multi-purpose cotton fabric demonstrated satisfactory flame retardancy with 27.5 % of LOI value and successfully passed the flame test with self-extinguishing effect due to the joint effect of P and N elements. Furthermore, the multi-purpose coating displayed slight influence on the cytocompatibility, tensile strength and whiteness of cotton fabric. Consequently, this work offers an efficient mean to prepare multi-purpose cotton fabric with high performance.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The synthesis and characterization of polymeric cross-linked composites derived from bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate (BPA.GDA) and N-vinyl-2–2pyrrolidone (NVP) are presented. Commercially available kraft lignin with different weight % (0, 5, and 20) was applied as an environmentally friendly filler. The composites were made by bulk polymerization using a photoinitiator (2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone) in special glass molds and cut into 10 mm × 10 mm fragments for testing. The chemical structures of the composites were confirmed by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Polymers modified with the addition of lignin were introduced into cultures of three species of white rot fungi: Cerrena unicolor, Pycnoporus sanquineus, and Abortiporus biennis. The biochemical and profilometric analyses showed clear changes both in the course of selected metabolic processes in the fungal cells and in the structure of the biomaterials. Clear changes in the activity of such enzymes as laccase, β-glucosidase, or acid proteases caused by the selected polymers were observed in the culture fluids.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Camptothecin (CPT), a well-known natural anti-cancer drug, is produced from woody plant Camptotheca acuminata. Up to now, two CPT-derivatives, irinotecan and topotecan, have been used to treat various cancers all over the world, and more than a dozen camptothecin analogues are in different stages of clinical research and development. The source of camptothecin mainly depends on the extraction from the fruits and barks of C. acuminata to meet the huge clinical demand, which undoubtedly increases the logging of this CPT-producing plant resource. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the content of camptothecin in C. acuminata using metabolic engineering strategies for the sustainable development of medicinal source plants. The camptothecin biosynthesis pathway is complex and only the functional genes that catalyze the biosynthesis of central intermediate strictosidinic acid and CPT-derivatives have been partially resolved. Thus, this review mainly summarized the anti-tumor mechanism and application of camptothecin drugs, the tissue differential distribution and extraction of camptothecin, the biosynthetic genes of camptothecin and its derivatives in C. acuminate. In addition, the application of camptothecin metabolic engineering in CPT-producing plants was also prospected. This review provided assistance for increasing camptothecin content and C. acuminata germplasm innovation using camptothecin metabolic engineering technologies.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Double-network reinforcement strategy has been widely used to improve hydrogels' toughness but is rarely applied in bulk polymer. The key to this strategy is introducing sacrificial bonds to improve strength and maintain the integrity of the polymer matrix at high elongation, dissipating applied energy as much as possible. In this study, a micron-sized microgel was employed as a sacrificial agent to reinforce polymer matrix. A simple and versatile process was introduced for the fabrication of cellulose microgel/ poly(butyl acrylate(BA)-co-methyl methacrylate(MMA)) nanocomposites by in situ free-radical polymerizations of BA and MMA complex monomer solution contained with well-dispersed cellulose microgels. After polymerization, the microgels were found homogeneously distributed within the polymer matrix. The organic-phase bacterial cellulose microgels (OB-microgel) reinforced polymer exhibited marvelous performance in the tensile test. The ultimate strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of P(BA-co-MMA) reinforced with 1.0 wt% OB-microgel were 1.13 MPa, 1.09 MPa, and 1.11 KJ m?3, about 2–3 times higher than neat P(BA-co-MMA) respectively. Moreover, a high strain to failure similar to the neat P(BA-co-MMA) was maintained. This reinforcement was mainly attributed to the sacrificing effect of microgel, not the formation of a percolation network, which was also supported by DMA test. Hence, cellulose microgel consisting of cellulose nanofiber network was demonstrated to be an efficient energy dissipation agent for the continuous phase of the polymer matrix to acquire high strain to failure and high tensile strength.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Turmeric (Cucruma longa L.) grown under various photo-selective nets, sprayed with different elicitors manifested significant differences in growth, yield and quality during both the years of experimentation. The pooled data over two growing seasons clearly revealed that, turmeric under red photo-selective net with chitosan at 1000 ppm manifested highest plant height (106.50 cm) and number of leaves (22.99). While, plants grown under blue photo-selective net without any elicitors outperformed as compared to other treatment combinations in respect of number of tillers per plant (6.58). Yellow net with salicylic acid at 100 ppm recorded highest leaf area (5602.8 cm2 plant?1). The blue net with 1000 ppm chitosan resulted in maximum chlorophyll content (SPAD value 42.11). The yellow photo-selective net had a most positive impact on the major yield determinant, the number of primary rhizomes per plant (16.68), while the metabolic elicitors had no influence. Yellow net was superior in terms of fresh (58.27 t ha?1) and cured rhizome yield (15.53 t ha?1) and none of the elicitors had any significant influence on yield. The dry recovery was highest in yellow net and sprayed with active dry yeast at 5000 ppm (27.78%). Curcuminoid content, the major quality determinant was highest in blue net (5.09%) sprayed with chitosan at 1000 ppm. Provision of yellow photo-selective net (25% shade) along with 5000 ppm active dry yeast applied at monthly interval starting from one month after planting up to five months after planting could be recommended for obtaining highest yield and better quality turmeric with highest net returns. Farmers growing turmeric crop under open field condition may spray salicylic acid at 100 ppm to realize higher yield and net returns.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The objectives of this study were to investigate genetic variation and association of the traits of the laticiferous system with rubber yield in young and adult rubber tree progenies Hevea brasiliensis, and compare the traits of the laticiferous system at different heights of the adult trees. The genetic material is composed of progenies from open pollination from the rubber tree breeding program of IAC, evaluated in the experimental field of UNESP in Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil, in the young and adult phases, and in the Polo Regional Alta Mogiana of the Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agronegócio in Colina, SP, Brazil in the young phase. A randomized block experimental design was used with 30 treatments (progenies), three replications, and 10 plants per plot. The following traits were evaluated: rubber yield (RY), virgin bark thickness (BT), number of rings of laticiferous vessels (NR), and mean distance between consecutive rings of the laticiferous vessels (MD). The individual statistical analyses and repeated measurements were performed through mixed linear models using the REML/BLUP (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) procedure. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were also estimated. The accuracy estimates (A?c) for the traits in the two locations were higher (> 0.7), indicating good perspectives in a breeding program. The coefficient of genetic variation (CVg %) showed low variation between the sites: BT (4.5–7 %), NR (14.1–18.3 %), and MD (15–18.2 %). The NR expressed higher heritabilities and was therefore the best trait of the laticiferous system for predicting genetic values; it showed expressive genetic correlations with RY, and may be used in indirect selection. BT did not show progeny × height interaction, indicating that the classification of the progenies was the same, regardless of the tree height at collection. To select progenies in common in the young and adult ages, using analysis of measurements repeated in time, the most suitable height for collection of samples in the adult progenies for the traits of the laticiferous system was up to 80 cm. The traits of the laticiferous system collected at 30 cm in young progenies are associated with RY, both in the youth phase and in the adult phase. They can be used to assist in early or indirect selection of rubber tree progenies.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022In this study, a novel temperature responsive surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) solvent was prepared and fully characterized. Combined with ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), it was applied to the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in Rosa roxburghii leaves. The extraction factors such as solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized by response surface methodology. The extraction yields of components with different polarity were improved by 1.03–3.90 folds compared with traditional solvents. The extraction mass transfer process was fitted by first-order kinetic model and second-order kinetic model. The results showed that the fitting effect of second-order kinetic model was better. Moreover, molecular dynamics revealed that hydrogen bonds were formed between the solvent and the compound molecules then promoted the improvement of extraction capacity. Notably, in situ separation and recovery of compounds with different polarities were conducted by SFME and the recovered extracts had good antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, this novel SFME was environment-friendly and simultaneously appropriate for the effective extraction and enrichment of natural active compounds from plant matrix.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is rich in phenolic compounds with various bioactivities, which makes it a potential cosmeceutical ingredient. This study aimed to investigate the bioactivities of O. basilicum L. water extract (OBWE) for its application in anti-acne cosmeceutical. To improve the content of antioxidants, the extraction condition was optimized as follows: 1:20 g/mL of material-to-solvent, 1 h of extraction time at temperature of 90 ℃. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of OBWE identified 931 and 370 metabolites, including bioactive compounds like rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, linalool and eugenol. The extract exhibited strong free radical scavenging activities. The inhibition zone of OBWE to Cutibacterium (C.) acnes was 18.71 mm diameter, which was significantly larger than 10.87 mm of 0.1 % salicylic acid. Moreover, treatment with OBWE significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced accumulations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, interleukin 1-β) in THP-1 macrophages. Thus, OBWE showed a two-fold benefit for acne treatment by inhibiting proliferation of C. acnes and suppressing the bacterial-induced inflammation. In summary, our results suggest OBWE as a natural product with potential anti-acne effects.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Natural oil is commonly used as the base oil of high-end cosmetics. To meet the requirements of general users, the ratio of traditional vegetable oil-based interesterified fats continues to increase in industrial applications. Common interesterified fats are derived from chemical catalysis, which shows high specification requirements for raw materials and catalysts. Although enzymatic interesterification (EIE) is not commonly used in industry, it is far more economical, healthy and environmentally friendly. This study aims to use palm olein (POL) and lauric acid-based palm kernel oil (PKO) as raw materials to produce EIE fats by using Lipozyme TLIM? as the catalyst. The migration of acyl groups during EIE contributed to the modifications of the triacylglycerol compositions, the production of fats with fine crystals due to the accelerated crystallization rate, and improved fat properties such as plasticity, melting profile, viscosity, and spreadability. The interesterified cosmetic base oil showed reduced hydrophobicity and unaltered refractive index with no toxic heavy metal elements introduced during the process.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Natural fibre-based materials offer various advantages compared to synthetic fibres, however their applications are limited mainly due to their hygroscopic properties, which are affected by their chemical composition, microstructure and the porosity of the plant cells of which the fibre is composed. Therefore, this work investigates the hygroscopic behavior of natural fibres to obtain a better understanding of the relation of the chemical composition of the fibres, their crystallinity, and their equilibrium moisture content. The crystallinity index was determined to include amorphous cellulose into the developed models. Nine biomass samples were selected (flax, hemp, jute, spruce, bamboo, corn stalks, palm leaves, rice husk and wheat straw) to construct models via linear regression to predict the moisture sorption behavior of natural fibres. Thorough statistical (ANOVA, RMSE) analysis showed that the developed models are relevant and descriptive. From all major plant cell wall constituents (lignin, crystalline cellulose, amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose), it is hemicellulose's hygroscopicity that is largely responsible for the moisture uptake of the fibres, with (amorphous) cellulose and lignin playing a (much) smaller role. This study has improved the understanding of the hygroscopic behavior of natural fibres, and is important for optimal application of these fibres in composite materials.
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