查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The creation of a superhydrophobic surface with simplified hydrophobic steps still faces great challenges. Herein, an in situ one-step hydrophobic strategy of growing polysiloxane nanofilaments onto pristine rod-shaped cotton stalk (CS) surface is used to prepare a new bulk superhydrophobic CS absorbent. The rich hydroxyl groups contained in CS directly polymerize with the silanols generated by the hydrolysis of methyltrichlorosilane on CS surface to form polysiloxane nanofilaments, leading to a change in the wettability of the CS surface. This strategy makes the water contact angle of the prepared absorbent as high as 161°, representing exceptional water repellency. Benefiting from the unique natural interconnected pore structures, the absorbent takes only 20 s to reach absorption equilibrium, showing rapid absorption performance toward organic solvents. The absorbent still maintains good absorption capacity even after 20 absorption-desorption cycles, holding excellent recyclability. The proposed hydrophobic modification approach simplifies the steps to the surface hydrophobization of CS, which provides a new strategy for the preparation of biomass-based superhydrophobic materials.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.While the importance of biochemical processes in plant adaptive responses is widely accepted, only a limited number of studies have addressed cell-type specific and enzymatic activities in E. purpurea under salt stress conditions. So, various antioxidant enzymatic activities, H+ transport activity, and non-invasive ion flux mechanisms in the root apex and mature zones of E. purpurea grown at different NO3-/NH4+ ratios (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30) were studied in salinity stress condition (0, 15, 30, and 60 mM NaCl). Various parameters, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, gas exchange, ion accumulation, electrolyte leakage (EL) in addition to antioxidant enzyme activities and cell-specific mechanisms were measured according to the standard methods. Based on the results, 60 mM NaCl salinity stress significantly decomposed the cell membrane, causing to increase in the electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (89.4% compared with control) and a decrease in the photosynthetic rate (84% compared with control). The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GP) significantly increased up to 30 mM NaCl to diminish the free radicals content by increasing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration (89.4% compared with control). High Na+ and Cl- content and their accumulation in the leaves caused to inhibit the antioxidants enzymes activities at 60 mM NaCl salinity stress. Based on the nitrogen (N) supply form, more antioxidant activities and physiological properties were found at the 90:10 NO3-/NH4+ ratio. Salinity stress is caused to limit the root apex growth in a high tissue- and treatment-specific manner. The differential sensitivity between the two zones originates from a 10-fold difference in K+ efflux and H+-ATPase activity between the mature zone and the apical region.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Diabetes mellitus has been recognized as one of the most challenging public health problems in the 21st century. The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of 18 selected Lamiaceae representatives on yeast α-glucosidase and further translate experimental data into predicted human α-glucosidase inhibition. Since conventional antidiabetic drugs exhibit numerous unavoidable side effects, plant extracts are being increasingly explored as safer alternatives. Plant extracts were prepared by maceration, characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and subjected to in vitro determination of yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory potential, after which the kinetic study of one of the most potent extracts (Mentha × piperita) was performed. Docking simulations were done on both yeast and human α-glucosidase to explore binding modes and energies of the secondary metabolites identified in the examined extracts. Finally, the dynamical model has been constructed (adjR2 = 0.9885) and applied to explore extracts’ inhibition potential onto the human α-glucosidase. The constructed dynamical model revealed, for the first time, that different extracts of Satureja montana represent highly promising candidates for the prevention/treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the dynamical model described in this study represents a useful tool and a significant advance in the discovery of novel therapeutics with antidiabetic potential in humans.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The flammability of nylon/cotton blend fabrics poses a great potential to cause fire hazard. A bio-based boron contained flame retardant (PBN) in this work was obtained, and then was applied in association with phytic acids to nylon/cotton blend fabrics using a facile dipping and nipping method. The flame retardancy of the fabric was improved significantly with reduced phosphorus content at the presence of PBN. The LOI of the PBN treated blend fabric was 30.1%, and the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were decreased by 46.0% and 71.8% compared with that of control blend fabric in the cone calorimeter test. The analysis of the char residue proved the polyphosphoric acids in the flame retardant accelerated the formation of the char, while the ceramic boron structure remained in the char to stabilize the char layer. Moreover, it was suggested that the release of inert gases, such as NH3 and H2O diluted the combustible volatiles in the gas phase. This work proposes a possibility for the production of bio-based nylon/cotton blend fabrics with flame retardancy.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.D-Borneol is a precious monoterpenoid widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees et T.Nees) Blume (C. burmannii) is one of the key resources for D-Borneol. However, only one chemotype of C. burmannii contain high content of D-Borneol in its leaves and stems. Limited by little information from C. burmannii, the D-Borneol biosynthesis mechanisms, as well as the mechanisms underlying the D-Borneol production differences among chemotypes remains elusive. To fill these gaps, we generated a completed genome of a high D-Borneol content chemotype of C. burmannii. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that C. burmannii is sister to a clade containing C. camphora and C. kanehirae while the variations of chromosome structure and LTR-RTs are important factors for differentiation in Cinnamomum. Further comparison of genome sequence demonstrated few genomic sequence differences between two chemotypes of C. burmannii. However, the pathway and transcriptomic profiling analysis revealed the expression differences of the genes in MEP pathway, a main pathway responsible for D-Borneol synthesis, which may be the critical determinant for the D-Borneol production differences between the two chemotypes. Our results also implied epigenetic modulation may participate in this process. Finally, a genome database (CAMD) of Cinnamomum species was constructed for better resources exploration. The present study provided the first high-quality genome and comprehensive genomic resources of C. burmannii. which not only provided new insights into the evolution of Cinnamomum species, but also shed light on the mechanisms of D-Borneol biosynthesis and the molecular signatures characterized high and low D-Borneol chemotypes of C. burmannii.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsSawdust is an abundant high-quality residue from sawmills, representing 20–30 % of sawn products by volume. In this study, the chemical pre-treatment of pine sawdust with Fenton's reagent, formed from hydrogen peroxide and iron catalyst under moderately acidic conditions, was found to intensify the microfibrillation process in terms of energy consumption and improve the grade of the high-yield lignin-containing microfibrillated cellulose (LMFC) produced. With a minor yield loss of 5.5 wt.%, Fenton pre-treatment increased the microfibrillation rate and bonding potential of LMFC, indicating that the ultrastructure of the lignocellulose cell walls had been modified. Linear dependency between the growth of specific surface area and energy consumption was seen, i.e. microfibrillation followed Rittinger's law of comminution. In comparison with the reference without any pretreatment,the total grinding energy consumption to a particle size of 14 μm was about 30 % lower (10.7 vs. 15 MWh/t) while the tensile strength and stiffness of LMFC films were 50 % (100 vs. 66 MPa) and 35 % higher (6.6 vs. 4.9 GPa), respectively. The advantageous effects of Fenton chemistry were assumed to originate from the cleavage of lignin-carbohydrate bonds, mainly between lignin and hemicelluloses. This phenomenon was supported by the substantially increased solubility of polysaccharides in dilute alkali. The calculated manufacturing costs of LMFCs (using the above-mentioned specifications) was € 850/t, of which the raw material, chemical and electricity costs accounted for 10 %, 2 % and 88 %, respectively. Without any chemical pre-treatment, manufacturing costs were € 1100/t of which raw material accounted for 7 % and electricity 93 %.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The authors regret Different ratios between oil (5%) and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) which served as a hydrophilic surfactant were selected (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 w/w) to expect the best one (Table 1). The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.As an important medicinal herb with high profit, Sichuan Fritillaria is on the verge of extinction because of unreasonable exploitation, but the information on flavonoids which possess diverse medicinal activities was almost unknown. Here, two representative Sichuan Fritillaria species (F. unibracteata and F. delavayi) were studied with UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry). Anthocyanins mainly accumulate in flowers especially in F. unibracteata (8.22 mg/g; mainly consisting of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside), with trace amounts in leaves and stems, but to the lowest levels in bulbs. Flavonols accumulates considerably in all tissues of the two Fritillaria species except bulbs, to the highest level in the flower of F. delavayi (28.94 mg/g; mainly consisting of quercetin glycosides). Further transcriptomic and RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis revealed the anthocyanin-specific biosynthetic unigenes displayed the highest expression levels in the flower of F. unibracteata while most of flavonol-specific biosynthetic unigenes showed the highest transcript abundance in the flower of F. delavayi, but to the lowest expression levels in the bulbs of the two species, accounting for the tissue- and species-speci?c accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonols. Moreover, the functions of FcMYB90, FcTT8 and FcMYB4 was carefully studied in tobacco. These results prove that several MYB and bHLH transcription factors coordinately controlled the direction of the phenylpropanoid metabolic flux which finally resulted in the characteristic accumulation pattern of anthocyanins and flavonols in Sichuan Fritillaria. This work provides a good foundation and novel insights for the further industrial development, resource utilization and breeding of Sichuan Fritillaria.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The adsorption of reactants is highly correlated with photocatalysis. Improving the adsorption ability of photocatalyst may realize highly efficient removal performance. In this work, Bi2MoO6 and bamboo-derived biochar composite was developed by a facile ball milling method. The adsorption and photodegradation abilities of the composites were evaluated by removing methylene blue (MB), which is a most commonly used aromatic-cationic dye. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB on the optimized 20 % Bi2MoO6/biochar sample was 160.6 mg/g, and the synergistic adsorption-photocatalytic removal efficiency of MB reached 93.3 % within 30 min, which were superior to Bi2MoO6 (13.3 mg/g, 31.6 %) and biochar (127.7 mg/g, 69.8 %). Compared to Bi2MoO6, the Bi2MoO6/biochar composites showed decreased bandgap and enhanced charge separation efficiency. The strong interfacial interactions between Bi2MoO6 and biochar in composites facilitated the photo-induced electrons transfer. Furthermore, the photodegradation efficiency enhanced along with the adsorption efficiency while pH value increased, which further proves the synergy between adsorption and photodegradation. Noticeably, the 20 % Bi2MoO6/biochar can completely remove MB at pH between 3 and 11. This work proves Bi2MoO6 modified biochar prepared by ball milling is a promising material for synergistic adsorption and photodegradation removal of organic pollutants.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In this study, a novel polypyrrole/Sodium-Alginate/CuFe2O4 magnetic nanostructure (PPy/NA-Alg/CuFe2O4) was synthesized by the hydrothermal route and used as an adsorbent in order to eliminate Direct Blue 199 (DB199) dye from wastewater. The characterization of the synthesized PPy/NA-Alg/CuFe2O4 was confirmed by investigation of SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and VSM analyses. Five significant operational parameters including initial dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), temperature (25–45 °C), the dose of adsorbent (2–22 mg), contact time (10-210 min), and pH (2-10) were optimized to achieve the greatest removal efficiency of DB199 by a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM). A high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.99) was calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Under optimal conditions, adsorption dosage = 7.00 mg, temperature = 30.61 °C, initial concentration = 80.00 mg/L, pH = 4.00 and contact time = 159.42 min, the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (80.36) was highly matched with the predicted response values, illustrating the appropriate of RSM in optimum conditions. The experimental data were matched well to the Langmuir isotherm model and both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters exhibited spontaneous nature and exothermic reaction. Adsorption–desorption experiments evidenced that the PPy/NA-Alg/CuFe2O4 synthesized could be used for up to three successive adsorption cycles. Furthermore, the nanocomposite showed strong antibacterial activity against two model microorganisms, one gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and one gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) via disc diffusion and linear cultivation methods.
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