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Journal of Plant Physiology
Gustav Fischer
Journal of Plant Physiology

Gustav Fischer

0176-1617

Journal of Plant Physiology/Journal Journal of Plant PhysiologySCIISTP
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    The anthocyanin-rich tomato genotype LA-1996 displays superior efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity and drought

    Napar, Wado Photo FaqirKaleri, Abdul RasheedAhmed, AwaisNabi, Farhan...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tomato cultivation is affected by high soil salinity and drought stress, which cause major yield losses worldwide. In this work, we compare the efficiency of mechanisms of tolerance to salinity, and osmotic stress applied as mannitol or drought, in three tomato genotypes: LA-2838 (Ailsa Craig), LA-2662 (Saladette), and LA-1996 (Anthocyanin fruit - Aft), a genotype known for high anthocyanin content. Exposure to salinity or drought induced stress in all three genotypes, but the LA-1996 plants displayed superior tolerance to stress compared with the other two genotypes. They were more efficient in anthocyanin and proline accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity, and leaf Na+, K+, and Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, they suffered lesser oxidative damage as measured by chlorophyll (Chl) loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and bioassays showed that they were less affected in terms of seed germination and root elongation. Exposure to stress induced the upregulation of stress-related genes SlNCED1, SlAREB1, SlABF4, SlWRKY8, and SlDREB2A more efficiently in LA-1996 than in the two susceptible genotypes. Conversely, the upregulation of the NADPH oxidase gene SlRBOH1 was more pronounced in LA-2838 and LA-2662. Principal component analysis showed obvious distinction between the tolerant genotype LA-1996 and the susceptible LA 2838 and LA-2662 in response to stress, and association of leaf and stem anthocyanin content with major stress tolerance traits. We suggest that anthocyanin accumulation can be considered as a marker of stress tolerance in tomato, and that LA-1996 can be considered for cultivation in salinity-or drought-affected areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Identification of genes involved in drought tolerance in seedlings of the desert grass, Psammochloa villosa (Poaceae), based on full-length isoform sequencing and de novo assembly from short reads

    Liu, TaoLiu, YupingFu, GuiChen, Jinyuan...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Psammochloa villosa is a perennial herbaceous plant that is dominant within arid regions of the Inner Mongolian Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, where it is an endemic species and exhibits strong drought tolerance and wind resistance. To study drought tolerance in P. villosa and determine its molecular basis, we simulated high and moderate drought stress in a controlled environment and then analyzed transcriptome sequences by combining long-read sequences from a representative, wild-grown individual with short reads from the treatment groups. We obtained 184,076 high-quality isoforms as a reference and 168,650 genes (91.6%), which we were able to annotate according to public databases. Ultimately, we obtained 119,005 unigenes representing the transcriptome of P. villosa under drought stress and, among these, we identified 3089 differentially expressed genes and 1484 transcription factors. Physiologically, P. villosa that was exposed to high and moderate drought stress had reduced germination rates and shorter buds but generated more chlorophyll, which is atypical under drought stress and possibly reflects an adaptation of these plants to their arid environment. We inferred that significantly upregulated genes were annotated as 'Chlorophyll a-b binding protein' and 'Light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein' among drought and control groups. Broadly, our analyses revealed that drought stress triggered many genome-level responses, especially related to mitigation of radical oxygen species (ROS), which increase in concentration under drought stress. In particular, in the high drought stress group compared with the control, GO enrichment analysis revealed a significant enrichment of upregulated genes (n = 10) involved in mitigation of oxidative stress. Similarly, using KEGG we found significant enrichment of genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway (11 genes), which yields phenols that scavenge ROS. We also inferred that many genes involved in metabolism of arginine and proline, which may serve as both scavengers of ROS and osmoprotectants that interact with stress response genes based on our protein-protein interaction network analysis. We verified the relative expression levels of eight genes associated with mitigation of ROS, DNA repair, and transmembrane transporter activity using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with our inferences from transcriptomes. This study provides insights into the genomic and physiological basis of drought tolerance in P. villosa and represents a resource for development of the species as a forage crop via molecular breeding within arid lands.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phloem-specific localization of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism in opium poppy

    Ozber, NataliFacchini, Peter J.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Opium poppy is the only commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine, and semi-synthetic derivatives of the natural opiate precursor thebaine, including oxycodone and the opioid antagonist naloxone. The plant also accumulates the vasodilator and antitussive agents papaverine and noscapine, respectively, which together with morphine, codeine and thebaine comprise the major benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) in opium poppy. A majority of enzymes involved in the highly branched BIA metabolism in opium poppy have now been discovered, with many specifically localized to sieve elements of the phloem based on immunofluorescence labeling techniques. Transcripts corresponding to sieve element-localized biosynthetic enzymes were detected in companion cells, as expected. The more recent application of shotgun proteomics has shown that several enzymes operating late in the morphine and noscapine biosynthetic pathways occur primarily in laticifers that are adjacent or proximal to sieve elements. BIA biosynthesis and accumulation in opium poppy involves three phloem cell types and implicates the translocation of key pathway intermediates between sieve elements and laticifers. The recent isolation of uptake transporters associated with laticifers supports an apoplastic rather than a symplastic route for translocation. In spite of the extensive elucidation of BIA biosynthetic enzymes in opium poppy, additional transporters and other auxiliary proteins are clearly necessary to support the complex spatial organization and dynamics involved in product formation and sequestration. In this review, we provide an update of BIA metabolism in opium poppy with a focus on the role of phloem in the biosynthesis of the major alkaloids.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Small antisense RNA ThfR positively regulates Thf1 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

    Li, XiangXue, ChunlingChen, HuiZhang, Huafeng...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Thylakoid formation1 (Thf1), encoded by sll1414 (thf1), is a multifunctional protein conserved in all photo-synthetic organisms. thf1 expression is highly induced by high light in Synechocystis during photosynthesis-related stress. In this study, differential RNA sequencing analysis of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 revealed a small antisense RNA (asRNA) gene located on the reverse-complementary strand of the thf1 gene. The full length of this asRNA (designated ThfR) was determined by 5' and 3' RACE analysis. The accumulation of thf1 mRNA was up-regulated synchronously with the ThfR level during survival after high-light stress or nitrogen starvation. Under nitrogen starvation or high-light stress, compared with the wild type, a ThfR overexpression mutant demonstrated relatively more Thf1 protein content, while a ThfR reduced-expression mutant accumulated less Thf1 protein. Furthermore, the overexpression of ThfR enhanced the electron transport rate and the proliferation of cyanobacteria under high-light stress. These results, which we confirmed further using an Escherichia coli sRNA expression platform, suggest that the thf1 gene is positively regulated by ThfR, possibly through protection of the RAUUW element at the RNase E cleavage site. This study represents the first report, to our knowledge, of a cis-transcript antisense RNA that targets thf1 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and provides evidence that ThfR regu-lates photosynthesis by positively modulating thf1 under high-light conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Tonoplast inositol transporters: Roles in plant abiotic stress response and crosstalk with other signals

    Zhou, YonggangSun, MonanSun, PengyuGao, Hongtao...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Inositol transporters (INT) are thought to be the pivotal transporters for vital metabolites, in particular lipids, minerals, and sugars. These transporters play an important role in transitional metabolism and various signaling pathways in plants through regulating the transduction of messages from hormones, neurotransmitters, and immunologic and growth factors. Extensive studies have been conducted on animal INT, with promising outcomes. However, only few recent studies have highlighted the importance and complexity of INT genes in the regulation of plant physiology stages, including growth and tolerance to stress conditions. The present review summarizes the most recent findings concerning the role of INT or inositol genes in plant metabolism and the response mechanisms triggered by external stressors. Moreover, we highlight the emerging role of vacuoles and vacuolar INT in plant molecular transition and their related roles in plant growth and development. INTs are the essential mediators of inositol uptake and its intracellular broadcasting for various metabolic pathways where they play crucial roles. Additionally, we report evidence on Na+/inositol transporters, which until now have only been characterized in animals, as well as H+/inositol symporters and their kinetic functions and physiological role and suggest their roles and operating mode in plants. A more comprehensive understanding of the INT functioning system, in particular the coordinated movement of inositol and the relation between inositol generation and other important plant signaling pathways, would greatly advance the study of plant stress adaptation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The emerging roles of ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex in plants

    Wang, QiulingHou, Suiwen
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Autophagy is a conserved system from yeast to mammals that mediates the degradation and renovation of cellular components. This process is mainly driven by numerous autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Among these components, the ATG1/ATG13 complex plays an essential role in initiating autophagy, sensing nutritional status signals, recruiting downstream ATG proteins to the autophagosome formation site, and governing autophagosome formation. In this review, we will focus on the ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex, summarizing and discussing the current views on the composition, structure, function, and regulation of this complex in plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The good and the bad of preprint servers in plant physiology

    Kronzucker, Herbert J.Qiu, Quan-ShengSonnewald, Uwe
    3页
    查看更多>>摘要：Preprint servers allow rapid publication of research findings by eliminating the time gap between submission and publication associated with editorial and peer review of scientific works. Consequently, non-peer-reviewed articles are essentially accessible immediately to researchers and the public. There are many valid justifications for sharing work on preprint servers, such as the ability to collect feedback from the research community and improve work prior to journal submission and a reduced risk of work being "scooped " by competitors. Rapid access to the latest scientific developments can furthermore expedite progress in important research areas. Significant downsides of preprint servers, however, are that the public, including members of the media and policy makers, cannot judge the quality of such non-reviewed publications and that misinformation may be spread. Balancing the good and the bad of preprint servers as opposed to classic peer review, we provide guidance for authors of the Journal of Plant Physiology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cytology, transcriptomics, and mass spectrometry imaging reveal changes in late-maturation elm (Ulmus pumila) seeds

    Qi, XiaohongChen, LuluHu, ZijianShen, Weiwei...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：During seed maturation, the seed deposits storage compounds (starches, oils, and proteins), synthesizes defense compounds, produces a seed coat, initiates embryo dormancy, and becomes desiccated. During the late maturation stage, seed storage compound contents and compositions change dramatically. Although maturation has been extensively studied in model species and crops, it remains less well characterized in woody perennial plants. In this study, we conducted morphological and cytological observations, transcriptome profiling, and chemical constituent analysis of elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds during the late-maturation stage. Light and electron microscopy revealed that closely packed yet discrete lipid bodies frequently surrounded the densely stained protein bodies, and the protein bodies became irregular or even partially disintegrated at the end of seed development. RNA-seq detected substantial transcriptome changes during the late-maturation stage, and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant-pathogen interactions, and hormone signal transduction. Furthermore, we used mass spectrometry imaging to detect the relative intensity and spatial distribution of fatty acids, phospholipids, and waxes in elm seeds. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the changes in cytological features and chemical composition during the final stage of elm seed development, and a detailed reference for seed development in woody plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Bringing more players into play: Leveraging stress in genome wide association studies

    Ahchige, Micha WijesinghaBrotman, YarivAlseekh, SalehZsogon, Agustin...
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：In order to meet the demand of the burgeoning human population as well as to adapt crops to the enhanced abiotic and biotic stress caused by the global climatic change, breeders focus on identifying valuable genes to improve both crop stress tolerance and crop quality. Recently, with the development of next-generation sequencing methods, millions of high quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been made available and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used in crop improvement studies to identify the associations between genetic variants of genomes and relevant crop agronomic traits. Here, we review classic cases of use of GWAS to identify genetic variants associated with valuable traits such as geographic adaptation, crop quality and metabolites. We discuss the power of stress GWAS to identify further associations including those with genes that are not, or only lowly, expressed during optimal growth conditions. Finally, we emphasize recent demonstrations of the efficiency and accuracy of time-resolved dynamic stress GWAS and GWAS based on genomic gene expression and structural variations, which can be applied to resolve more comprehensively the genetic regulation mechanisms of complex traits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier