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Journal of Plant Physiology
Gustav Fischer
Journal of Plant Physiology

Gustav Fischer

0176-1617

Journal of Plant Physiology/Journal Journal of Plant PhysiologySCIISTP
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    How Munch's adaptation of Pfeffer's circulating water flow became the pressure-flow theory, and the resulting problems-A historical perspective

    Peters, Winfried S.Knoblauch, Michael
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Long-distance transport of photoassimilates in the phloem of vascular plants occurs as bulk flow in sieve tubes. These tubes are arrays of cells that lose nuclei, cytoskeleton, and some organelles when they differentiate into mature sieve elements. Symplasmic continuity is achieved by perforations that turn the cell walls between adjoining sieve elements into sieve plates. These structural features are interpreted as adaptations that reduce the resistance sieve tubes offer to cytoplasmic bulk flow. According to the common reading of Ernst Munch's pressure-flow theory, the driving forces for these flows are osmotically generated gradients of hydrostatic pressure along the sieve tubes. However, the significance of pressure gradients in the flow direction has also been questioned. Munch himself stated that no detectable pressure gradients existed between the linked osmotic cells that he used to demonstrate the validity of his ideas, and the earliest explanation of osmotically driven flows by Wilhelm Pfeffer, on which Munch based his theory, explicitly claimed the absence of pressure gradients. To resolve the apparent contradiction, we here reconstruct the history of the idea that osmotically driven transport processes in organisms necessarily require steps or gradients of hydrostatic pressure along the transport route. Our analysis leads us to conclude that some defects of overly simplifying interpretations of Munch's ideas (such as the sieve plate fallacy) could be avoided if our descriptions of his theory in textbooks and the scientific literature would follow the logics of the theory's earliest formulations more closely.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    VvMYB1 potentially affects VvTOR gene expression by regulating VvTOR promoter and participates in glucose accumulation

    Zhao, YingWang, Xiu-Qin
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factors make up one of the largest protein families in plants. The TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling network plays a pivotal role in sugar metabolism and plant growth. In this article, we utilized grape (Vitis vinifera) calli to explore the relationship between VvMYB1 and VvTOR. By using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter system, we speculated that there may be other proteins that help VvMYB1 and VvTOR promoter bond in grape calli, and the interaction action sites were located between the VvTOR 400-bp promoter fragment and the 1200-bp promoter fragment. The subcellular localization results suggest that VvMYB1 is found in the nucleus. Moreover, the expression level of VvTOR increased in the transgenic calli with overexpression of VvMYB1. These findings provide further evidence that VvMYB1 regulates VvTOR expression. We also found that overexpression of VvMYB1 increased glucose accumulation and affected expression of sugar-related genes. Our results suggest that there is a crosstalk between VvMYB1, VvTOR, and glucose accumulation.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effects of reduced chlorophyll content on photosystem functions and photosynthetic electron transport rate in rice leaves

    Wang, GuojiaoZeng, FaliangSong, PengSun, Bei...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：To elucidate the photosynthetic performance of rice mutant with low chlorophyll content, we assessed light energy conversion and photosynthetic electron transport at the flowering stage in rice of yellow-green leaf mutant (ygl) and a control with normal pigment content (IR36) under field conditions. The results showed that the reduced chlorophyll content and high expression levels of chlorophyll-binding protein genes suggested that ygl has smaller light-harvesting chlorophyll antennae. The small chlorophyll antenna size reduced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased PSII efficiency in ygl. Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient showed that the higher ratio of reaction-center chlorophylls and the total chlorophyll of PSII (gamma RC) improved excitation energy capture and electron transport efficiency of PSII in ygl. The IP amplitude (delta VIP) and the reduction rates of the pool of end electron acceptors in ygl increased, compared with IR36. These results suggest that the light absorbed by the mutant with reduced chlorophyll content was more efficiently partitioned to photosynthesis and could be used to improve photo-synthetic efficiency.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Pocket-sized sensor for controlled, quantitative and instantaneous color acquisition of plant leaves

    Borges, Camila SilvaRibeiro, Bruno TeixeiraVega, R. Ruby AntonietaChakraborty, Somsubhra...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The color of plant leaves can be assessed qualitatively by color charts or after processing of digital images. This pilot study employed a novel pocket-sized sensor to obtain the color of plant leaves. In order to assess its performance, a color-dependent parameter (SPAD index) was used as the dependent variable, since there is a strong correlation between SPAD index and greenness of plant leaves. A total of 1,872 fresh and intact leaves from 13 crops were analyzed using a SPAD-502 meter and scanned using the NixTM Pro color sensor. The color was assessed via RGB and CIELab systems. The full dataset was divided into calibration (70% of data) and validation (30% of data). For each crop and color pattern, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and multivariate modeling [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and elastic net (ENET) regression] were employed and compared. The obtained MLR equations and multivariate models were then tested using the validation dataset based on r, R2, root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). In both RGB and CIELab color systems, the NixTM Pro color sensor was able to differentiate crops, and the SPAD indices were successfully predicted, mainly for mango, quinoa, peach, pear, and rice crops. Validation results indicated that ENET performed best in most crops (e.g., coffee, corn, mango, pear, rice, and soy) and very close to MLR in bean, grape, peach, and quinoa. The correlation between SPAD and greenness is crop-dependent. Overall, the NixTM Pro color sensor was a fast, sensible and an easy way to obtain leaf color directly in the field, constituting a reliable alternative to digital camera imagery and associated image processing.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Adjustments of carbon allocation and stomatal dynamics by target localized strategies to increase crop productivity under changing climates

    Drincovich, Maria F.Maurino, Veronica G.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Increasing crop productivity to ensure food security for future generations is one of the greatest challenges in current plant research. This challenge is even greater due to global climate changes, as enhancing crop yields must occur against the backdrop of increasingly changing environments, particularly rising temperatures and water constraints. Global crop yield growth depends on an improved dynamic balance between carbon and water usage. Here we discuss different approaches that highlight the role of vascular tissue and guard cells in attempting to mitigate the carbon-water trade-off. We argue that crop engineering in the future will require the incorporation of a combination of improved traits. Since targeted gene modifications generally produce fewer undesirable pleiotropic effects than constitutive modifications, we envision that modifications of specific cell types, such as phloem companion cells and guard cells, represent an effective approach for adding beneficial gene modifications in the same plant. This approach will enable trait stacking to design future crops with both high yield and resilience to various climate change stresses.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Phylogenetic independence in the variations in leaf functional traits among different plant life forms in an arid environment

    Akram, Muhammad AdnanZhang, YahuiWang, XiaotingShrestha, Nawal...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Leaf traits of global plants reveal the fundamental trade-offs in plant resource acquisition to conservation strategies. However, which leaf traits are consistent, converged, or diverged among herbs, shrubs, and subshrubs in an arid environment remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the trade-offs in six leaf functional traits (LFTs): leaf fresh mass (LFM), leaf dry mass (LDM), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf thickness (LTh) of 37 desert plant species. LFTs differed between different plant life forms; LFM, LDM, and LA were slightly higher in herbs, LDMC and LTh in shrubs, and SLA in subshrubs. Conversely, the correlations among LFTs were inconsistent in different life forms, which may indicate their different adaptation strategies in an arid environment. Legumes and C3 plants exhibited slightly higher LDMC, LA, and SLA than non legumes and C-4 plants, whereas non-legumes and C4 plants showed higher (nonsignificant) LFM, LDM, and LTh than legumes and C3 plants. A significant phylogenetic signal (PS) and maximum K-value were found for SLA (K = 0.32). LFTs exhibited convergent and divergent variations among different life forms. However, these variations in LFTs were not influenced by phylogeny. Together, these findings increase our understanding of the variations in ecological adaptations of desert plants as well as adaption strategies of different life forms in an arid environment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dealing with the cold: Shedding light on phototrophic life in the polar regions

    Jungblut, Anne D.
    3页
    查看更多>>摘要：Photoautotrophic organisms face extreme conditions in the Polar Regions including permanently low temperatures, freezing, salinity and low nutrient. Certain microalgae and cyanobacteria are able to withstand these conditions and adaptation mechanisms associated with photophysiology play an important part in overcoming challenges created by variation in irradiance under low temperatures.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Arabidopsis thaliana AtHRS1 gene is involved in the response to Heterodera schachtii infection and its overexpression hampers development of syncytia and involves a jasmonic acid-dependent mechanism

    Wisniewska, AnitaWojszko, KamilaRozanska, ElzbietaLenarczyk, Klaudia...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sedentary plant parasitic nematodes have developed competences to reprogram host plant cell metabolism via sophisticated manipulation of gene expression, leading to the formation of permanent feeding sites for an un-limited source of food. Arabidopsis thaliana and the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii is a good model for studying the mechanisms of compatible plant-nematode interactions and basic plant responses to nematode infection. Transcription factors are proteins that modulate plant reactions during regular development and under different biotic and abiotic stresses via direct binding to promoter regions of genes. Here, we report on the AtHRS1 gene encoding a MYB-related transcription factor belonging to the GARP family, whose expression is downregulated in syncytia, as confirmed by gene expression analysis. Constitutive overexpression of AtHRS1 disturbed the development of nematode-induced syncytia and led to a reduction in the number of developed females in transgenic A. thaliana roots. In contrast, the hrs1 mutant with decreased expression of AtHRS1 was more susceptible to cyst nematode infection. The influence of AtHRS1 on selected elements of the JA-dependent defence pathway suggests its mode of action in plant response to nematode attack. Based on these results, we suggest that the downregulation of AtHRS1 expression by nematode is important for its successful development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Leaf physiological traits of plants from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other arid sites in China: Identifying susceptible species and well-adapted extremophiles

    Carriqui, MarcBaraza, ElenaDu, TingtingLei, Zhangying...
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：Extreme environments, such as deserts and high-elevation ecosystems, are very important from biodiversity and ecological perspectives. However, plant physiology at those sites has been scarcely studied, likely due to logistic difficulties. In the present study, leaf physiological traits in native plants were analyzed from arid zones across an elevational transect in Western China, from Turpan Basin to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) at Delingha. The aim of this study was to use leaf physiological traits to help identifying potentially threatened species and true extremophiles. Physiological measurements in the field, and particularly in situ measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, have been determined to be useful to determine the current state of plants at a given environment. Using this approach plus a combination of leaf traits, several species performing particularly well at the QTP were identified, e.g. Hedysarum multijugum, as well as at Manas drylands, e.g. Peganum harmala and Setaria viridis. On the other hand, several species showed marked signs of severe stress, in particular a very low photosynthetic rate over its potential maximum, as well as other negative traits, like low water and/or nitrogen-use-efficiency, which should be considered in conservation plans. Interestingly, all C-4 species studied except Setaria viridis were among the most stressed species. Despite their higher water use efficiency and drought tolerance reputation, they presented a much larger photosynthesis depression than most C-3 species. This is an intriguing and interesting observation that deserves further studies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Proteomic, biochemical, and anatomical influences of nanographene oxide on soybean (Glycine max)

    Heidari, MaryamFarsad-Akhtar, NaderToorchi, MahmoudKazemi, Elham Mohajel...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) is an engineered nanostructure that is used in various fields including biology, chemistry, medicine, and environmental protection. This kind of highly used nanomaterial (NM) is being released and accumulated gradually in nature and can have some adverse influences on living organisms including plants. Soybean as a cultivated plant with a high importance in food industry, but sensitive to stresses, was chosen in the present study to be examined in terms of proteomic, biochemical, and anatomical properties under the NGO stress. Accordingly, a 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) approach was adopted for proteomic analysis of the NGO treated soybean roots, where significant changes were observed in the abundance of 48 proteins. MALDI TOF/TOF analysis revealed the upregulation of the proteins involved in the redox regulation in plants. Furthermore, anatomical examination of soybean roots under light microscopy showed that the NGO could enter into the root epidermis through the apoplastic pathway and accumulated in some parts of the root. With increasing NGO concentration, the diameter of the vascular apertures increased and then decreased at higher concentrations. To evaluate the toxicity of NGO, some of the growth parameters including fresh and dry weight, and height of the shoots, as well as some stress-related biochemical properties such as H2O2 production, antioxidant enzymes activity, and phenolics and flavonoids contents were measured. The results indicated that NGO could cause an oxidative stress, which can be considered a toxic effect evoking antioxidative and detoxification mechanisms in soybean.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier