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Russian journal of ecology
M A I K Nauka - Interperiodica
Russian journal of ecology

M A I K Nauka - Interperiodica

1067-4136

Russian journal of ecology/Journal Russian journal of ecologySCIISTP
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    Dynamics of Distribution Boundaries of Epiphytic Macrolichens after Reduction of Emissions from a Copper Smelter

    Mikhailova, I. N.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Natural recovery of forest ecosystems after the termination of impacts caused by emissions from large industrial enterprises gives a clue to their sustainability mechanisms. However, the lack of data on different ecosystem components, natural zones, and emission sources makes it impossible to identify general patterns of restorative successions. This paper examines the distribution and abundance dynamics of macrolichens growing on birch trunks in the southern taiga forests of the Middle Urals affected for many years by emissions from the Middle Ural Copper Smelter. Two periods were compared: (1) period of intense emissions (1995-1997); and (2) period of almost ceased emissions (2014-2016). In the interval between the two studied periods, technogenic boundaries of all studied lichen species distribution have shifted closer to the smelter, and the abundance of most species increased in all pollution zones, including the slightly polluted and background zones. However, the frequency and abundance of the species still go down as the distance to the smelter decreases. The explerent species Tuckermanopsis sepincola demonstrates the opposite response: it disappears from background and slightly polluted areas reaching maximum abundance in the extremely severe pollution zone.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Soil Moisture in Urbanized Habitats Invaded by Alien Acer negundo

    Dubrovin, D., IRafikova, O. S.Veselkin, D. V.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：We assessed the soil moisture in urbanized habitats dominated by alien (invasive) for Eurasia tree species Acer negundo. We supposed that the soil water content under the dense canopy of A. negundo is increased compared with the soil water content under other tree species. Sample plots in urbanized habitats in the city of Yekaterinburg (Middle Urals, Russia) were combined into paired blocks: with the dominance of A. negundo or the dominance of other tree species. The conditions in each block were as similar as possible, except for the dominant tree species. In 2019-2021, 170 records of the soil water content of the upper 5 cm of soil, 85 records each in habitats dominated by A. negundo or other tree species, were performed. The average soil water content in habitats invaded by A. negundo (20.0 +/- 0.9%) was slightly but significantly higher than in habitats dominated by other tree species (18.1 +/- 0.8%). The differences were close during the three growing seasons. Also, the differences in soil moisture between habitats dominated by A. negundo and other tree species were stable when taking into account the peculiarities of weather conditions and the sample plots altitude. Thus, A. negundo is a transforming species with respect to the moisture regime in target habitats. The mechanisms of the environment-transforming impact of A. negundo can be associated with the features of both aboveground organ structures and the accumulation and decomposition of leaves and litter, as well as other soil processes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Structure and Stock of Phytomass as Indicators of the Stage of Demutation of Steppe Fallow Lands in Tyva

    Makunina, N., ISambuu, A. D.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Thefollowing empirical conclusions have been statistically verified: each stage of succession has a definite duration; during succession, the stock of above-ground and underground phytomass decrease and increase, respectively; however, at the terminal stages, the stock of underground phytomass is considerably less compared to virgin steppes. The work was based on 54 samples of phytomass from fallow land communities and virgin steppes; they were taken in the period from 1994 to 2020 in the four steppe intermontane basins of Tyva. Quantitative characteristics of the reserves of live above-ground, dead above- and underground phytomass at each stage of demutation of Tyva fallow lands have been obtained for the first time. The stages of demutation of fallow lands in Tyva are substantially different in the stock of either above-ground or underground phytomass. Significant differences in the age of fallow lands were shown only between the initial (stages 1 and 2) and terminal (stages 3 and 4) stages of demutation. It has been confirmed that the underground phytomass of virgin steppes is higher compared to communities of the terminal stages of fallow succession.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Diversity and Ecological Features of Phylogenetic Lineages of Tinder Fungus in the Urals

    Zhuykova, E., VMukhin, V. A.
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Absract-Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA isolated from 51 basidiocarps of tinder fungus shows that this xylotrophic fungus in the Urals and North Kazakhstan is a complex species consisting of two cryptic phylogenetic lineages (A and B) represented by sublineages A2 and B2. Their natural habitats overlap and encompass the South, Middle and North Urals, as well as the North Kazakhstan, though A2 and B2 are more often found in the North and Middle Urals and in the North Kazakhstan, respectively. Their sympatry is based on trophic specialization: representatives of sublineage A2 occur on Alnus, Betula, Prunus, Salix, Sorbus; those of B2 occur on Acer, Populus, Salix, Tilia. The major substrate is Betula for the former and Populus for the latter. With respect to the ITS regions of rDNA, sublineages A2 and B2 correspond to Fomes fomentarius sensu stricto and Fomes inzengae (Ces. & De Not.) Cooke, respectively, which are the two sympatric cryptic species described in Europe. With respect to the level of nucleotide divergence, F. fomentarius s. s. and F. inzengae are equidistant from F. fasciatus (Sw.) Cooke (6.26% and 7.05%, respectively), but the level of divergence between them (1.49%) does not exceed the average level of intraspecies ITS variability of basidial fungi. Most likely, they should be considered as cryptic sympatric infraspecific phylogenetic lineages of Fomes fomentarius sensu lato at a rank of subspecies.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Soil Defaunation in Field Experiments with the Use of Cypermethrin and Its Effect on the Production of Mycelium of Mycorrhizal Fungi

    Zuev, A. G.Akulova, A. YuZueva, A., I
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The development of methods for exclusion or reduction of the abundance of the target group in a field experiment is one of the important methodological tasks in studying the interactions of soil fungi and invertebrates. The possibility of using cypermethrin in order to reduce the abundance of invertebrates during the research of interaction with mycorrhizal fungi was studied in two model coniferous forests (in the reserves "Kivach" and the Central Forest State Reserve). A short-term (30 days) experiment showed a significant decrease in the abundance of soil invertebrates and no differences in the mycelium biomass of mycorrhizal fungi. In a longer experiment (90 days), the effect of soil defaunation was similar, but the production of mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi decreased compared to the control. The method of soil defaunation with cypermethrin is effective, but can be recommended for use only in short-term field experiments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Long-Term Dynamics of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Food and Liver of Shrews (g. Sorex) during High and Reduced Emissions Periods from the Copper Smelter

    Mukhacheva, S., V
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The long-term changes in the contents of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in the food and liver of four shrew species of the g. Sorex, in the vicinity of the the Middle Ural Copper Smelter (MUCS) during periods of its high (1990-1997), reduced (1998-2009), and almost ceased (2010-2019) emissions. The minimum concentrations of all elements in the animal organism were noted in unpolluted areas (background zone), the maximum concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd were in the immediate vicinity of the plant (impact zone), Cd-at moderate pollution (buffer zone). The species specificity of the accumulation of the considered elements in the liver was determined by the composition of diets and was expressed in increased accumulation of Cu and Cd in the liver of S. araneus and increased accumulation of Pb in the liver of S. caecutiens. A multiple reduction in industrial emissions did not lead to an equivalent decrease in the content of heavy metals (HMs) either in the feed or in the body of shrews. Over 30 years, directed changes in HM concentrations in the liver were noted only in S. caecutiens: in the impact zone (1-3 km from the plant), the content of Zn did not change, the concentrations of Cd and Pb decreased by 1.2-1.5 times, while the concentration of Cu, on the contrary, increased by 1.5 times. In the buffer zone (4-10 km) Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations remain unchanged, while the concentrations of Cd decreased by 1.5 times; in the background area (20-34 km), the content of essential elements (Cu, Zn) was maintained at the same level, while the concentration of toxic elements (Cd and Pb) decreased by 4-5 times.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Modern Ichthyofauna of Lake Kezenoi-Am (North Caucasus) and Conservation Measures for Endemic Kezenoi-Am Trout Salmo trutta ezenami

    Markevich, G. N.Shilin, N., IBarkhalov, R. M.Makhrov, A. A....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：The development of the ecosystem of Lake Kezenoi-Am (Kezenoyam) for the last 100 years is described on the basis of published and original data. The ecosystem of the lake has undergone a catastrophic transformation as a result of an outbreak of the chub population in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and introduction of European perch in 2012-2014. Enormous overfishing was an additional factor in the ecosystem degradation. The endemic subspecies of brown trout has probably completely disappeared from the lake. In order to preserve and restore the population of Kezenoi-Am brown trout, it is necessary to take urgent measures, including its artificial breeding and reclamation measures to reduce the number of chub and perch.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Structure of Aquatic Communities in Mountain Lakes of the Torgovaya River Basin (Subpolar Ural)

    Ponomarev, V., ILoskutova, O. A.Kononova, O. N.
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper is analyzes the faunistic composition and quantitative characteristics of aquatic communities in the mountain lakes of the Torgovaya River basin (Subpolar Urals) with special focus on the distribution of Siberian fish and invertebrate species. Aquatic communities of seven mountain lakes have been studied; three of them can be considered as glacial refugia inhabited by the resident form of Arctic grayling. Four species of amphibiotic insects have been identified in the chyme of two grayling species; their main range is in Siberia. The zoobenthos included 16 large taxa; among them, nematodes, entomostracans, and chironomids were dominant in abundance and dipteran and stonefly larvae were dominant in biomass. Twenty eight taxa typical for the fauna of the European northeast of Russia have been identified in the zooplankton. The recorded patterns of distribution of the local aquatic fauna are determined mainly by the glacial history of the Urals. It is assumed that rheophilic benthic invertebrates of Siberian origin colonized the Torgovaya riverbed in the postglacial period.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    The Lack of Snow in a Boreal Forest May Reduce Summer Feeding Activity of Soil Invertebrates

    Fateeva, A. A.Kudrin, A. A.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：In order to assess the effect of snow cover on the feeding activity of soil detritivores in the middle taiga, a short-term field experiment has been carried out. On the experimental plots in the blueberry-green-moss spruce forest, snow was removed in winter and the feeding activity of soil animals was assessed using the bait-lamina test in the subsequent growing season. Untreated sites served as controls. The absence of snow cover led to a significant freezing of the soil and reduced the feeding activity in the forest litter by 11.4%, while the activity in the underlying mineral soil remained almost unchanged.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc

    Diet and feeding ecology of Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) and Tundra Swan (C. columbianus) at the Yellow River Wetland of Baotou in Spring Season

    Liu, XiaoguangLi, WenjingZhang, JiyunCao, Litong...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Interspecific competition is an important mechanism of ecological community construction, which potentially contributes to resource differentiation and promotes the coexistence of sympatric species. Determining the food composition and resource differentiation of the whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) and tundra swans (C. columbianus), can facilitate efforts to protect them. In this study, fecal microscopic analysis was conducted to analyze the feeding habits of whooper swans and tundra swans migrating to the Baotou Yellow River Wetland from February to May 2020; their food niche width and overlap were calculated, and the following results were obtained. The whooper swan's diet consisted of nine species from four families of plants, mainly corn (Zea mays), reed (Phragmites australis), and halophytes (Suaeda glauca). The diet of the tundra swan comprised eleven species from five families of plants, mainly corn, quinoa (Chenopodium album) and millet (Panicum miliaceum). The food niche widths of the whooper swan and tundra swan in the Yellow River Wetland in Baotou were 2.75 and 5.18, respectively. There were five main species of food plants in total, and the index of niche overlap was 0.65. The food diversity of the tundra swan was greater than that of the whooper swan, indicating that the Yellow River wetland provides relatively diverse food resources for the tundra swans and whooper swans, thereby reducing competition and facilitating coexistence.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Pleiades Publishing Inc