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Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]
Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers

Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]

0957-5820

Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers/Journal Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
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    Bioaerosols dispersed from a typical wastewater treatment plant with a membrane bioreactor: Emission characteristics, source analysis and health risk

    Jianwei LiuNana ZangXueli Liu
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have become one of the most promising technologies in wastewater treatment. This study aimed to investigate the emission characteristics, source analysis and health risk of bioaerosols generated from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with an MBR throughout the entire process. The results suggested that the MBR exhibited a high concentration of bacterial bioaerosols (2921-6173 CFU/m3) and fungal bioaerosols (77-673 CFU/m3) and a high proportion of the respiratory fraction (RF) of bioaerosols. In the MBR, Halomonas, Microvirga, and Geodermatophilus and Rubellimicrobium were the dominant bacteria, and the predominant fungi were Acidea, Neophaeosphaeria, and Ctyptotrichosporon. Water soluble ions (WSIs) in the bioaerosols were mainly SO4~(2-), NO3~-, CI~-, Ca~(2+), Na+ and NH4+, with concentrations ranging from 18.68 to 183.41 μg/m3. Temperature, relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (WS) all had different influences on bacterial bioaerosols and fungal bioaerosols. Air was the major source of bioaerosols from the MBR. Bioaerosols in the fine grid (FG) and sludge dewatering room (SDR) were from wastewater, sludge and air. Furthermore, inhalation was the greatest pathway of bioaer-osol exposure. The SDR, aeration tank (AerT) and MBR showed the highest risks of bioaerosols. Thus, bioaerosols from MBRs should be sufficiently investigated, and effective controls should be set up to protect workers and residents around plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Biomass conversion to alkyl levulinates using heteropoly acid carbon mesoporous composites

    Neda AyashiAlireza Najafi ChermahiniMohammad Saraji
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：With regards to the importance of biomass conversion into valuable compounds such as alkyl levulinate (AL), herein, the synthesis of butyl levulinate (BL) and ethyl levulinate (EL) from various carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) was studied using a series of phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo) catalysts supported on carbon mesoporous CMK-8 and CMK-3. The effect of acid loading as well as the influence of carbon mesoporous on carbohydrate conversion into ALs was investigated. Furthermore, mono lacunary phosphomolybdate catalyst supported on CMK-8 was prepared and its efficiency was compared to the optimum catalyst (CMK-HPM-50). XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TGA-DTA, and TEM analysis were performed for characterization of the synthesized catalysts. Compared to other catalysts, CMK-HPM-50 with 50% acid loading on CMK-8 showed the best results for the BL and EL production with yields of 42, 57, 66% and 53, 64, 72% from sucrose, glucose, and fructose, respectively, due to the unique 3D cubic mesostructure of CMK-8 and high Bransted acidity of immobilized HPMo. The conversion of carbohydrates to ALs (BL and EL) was almost completed (>98%) at all of the experiments. Various factors including, the amount of catalyst, reaction time, and reaction temperature were studied. According to the results, 50 mg of CMK-HPM-50 catalyst, 180 °C for the reaction temperature, and 3 h for the reaction time were selected as optimum conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL