查看更多>>摘要：Integrating municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification with renewable energy to synthesize methanol shows great potential in alleviating the dependence on fossil energy and reducing the negative environmental impact of increasing MSW production. In this study, three technological processes including MSW-tomethanol integrated with carbon capture and storage (MTMC), MSW-to-methanol integrated with solid oxygen electrolysis cell unit (MTMS) and MSW incineration to power (MTP) are compared from the perspective of techno-environmental-economic performance. Results show that MTMS process owns the maximum exergy efficiency (60.8%), followed by MTMC (41.5%) and MTP (18.9%). In terms of global warming potential (GWP), MTP process has the worst environmental performance with 19,164.84 kgCO2eq/h. The economic analysis shows that MTMS process owns the highest value of levelized profit of MSW (LPOM) with 38.64 USD/t under the current market conditions. In addition, comparative analysis shows the production cost of methanol (PCOM) of MTMC and MTMS routes is 406.09 USD/t and 355.89 USD/t, respectively, which are economically competitive compared with the coal / biomass / CO2 hydrogenation to methanol route. Sensitivity analysis shows that MTMS process processes its advantage on economic performance only if the methanol price is higher than 350 USD/t and photovoltaic on-grid tariff is lower than 0.055 USD/kWh. (c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：The traditional direct reduction-separation approach used to economically and effectively treat copper slag (CS) or phosphate rock (PR) encounters challenges, such as low metal recovery, high cost, and high additive requirements. In this paper, an ecofriendly process for synchronously utilizing CS and PR by compound modification and coreduction, accompanied by magnetic separation, is proposed to resolve these limita-tions. In this approach, use graphite as a reductant toreduce Fe and the CaO in the PR catalyzed the re-duction of fayalite in the CS, thereby enhancing Fe formation. Owing to its low melting point, CS generated a liquid phase and improved the growth of particles, which was beneficial for producing ferrophosporus (Fe-P) alloys. The Fe-P and slag were separated and recovered, owing to their melting point and density differences, thereby highlighting the efficiency of the proposed method. After comprehensive consideration, a crude Fe-P alloy containing 82.31% Fe and 13.65% P was prepared under optimal conditions and suitable for the production of battery grade iron phosphate.(c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Timely and accurate detection of abnormal working conditions can ensure stability, improve production efficiency and reduce pollution of an industrial process. However, the production data of an industrial process has non-Gaussian and time-varying characteristics due to the diverse feed composition and com-plex reaction mechanisms. To address the above issue, an improved online principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm based on the selective model update is proposed in this study. First, considering the non-Gaussian nature of the process data, a local outlier factor-based (LOF) abnormality detection logic is used to replace the T-2 and squared prediction error (SPE) statistics in traditional PCA algorithms. Then, to adapt to the time-varying characteristics of the process data, an approximate linear dependence (ALD) algorithm is used to evaluate the independent degree between the new sample and training samples. Only those samples containing new information are used to update the monitoring model, which can improve model performance and reduce the frequency of online updates. The zinc roasting process (ZRP) is used as an example to illustrate the proposed approach. Industrial data collected from a ZRP is used to demonstrate the performance of the ALD-based LOF-PCA method in the early detection of two typical abnormal working conditions in the ZRP. (C) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：The presence of O2 in a FeII/Na2SO3 system severely affects its denitrification efficiency. In this study, the influence of O2 on NO absorption via complexation was studied in terms of three aspects: direct oxidation of NO, consumption of complexation reactants, and advanced oxidation processes. Experimental results showed that under the experimental conditions, the existence of O2 exerted different effects on different stages of NO absorption. In the first 5 min of the reaction, the increased O2 concentration promoted the denitrification efficiency of the FeII/Na2SO3 system. After 5 min, the inhibition increased. The direct oxidation of NO using O2 improved the denitrification efficiency in the initial stages of the reaction. However, this effect was minimal and the maximum oxidation rate was only 14.88% under 8% O2. The rapid oxidation of FeII and SO32- using O2 induced their direct rapid consumption of FeII and SO32- in the system, which was the main reason in the reduction of the denitrification efficiency. O2 caused advanced oxidation processes, but these processes generally reduced the denitrification efficiency. (c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：In recent years, sulphate materials have received more and more attention because of high activity in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (NH3-SCR). In this paper, a series of catalysts for NH3-SCR were prepared by sulphuric acid impregnation and calcination at different temperatures of cold-rolled sludge which main component is iron oxide. The performance of cold-rolled sludge catalyst was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature programmed-reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was demonstrated that the increase of iron sulphate and Fe3+ content can be observed in the cold-rolled sludge after sulfuric acid impregnation and low temperature calcination (300 celcius), which leads to the improvement of SCR denitration performance. The results show that 100% denitration conversion can be achieved at 280 degrees C via the modified cold-rolled sludge, with 94% of the performance was retained after the introduction of SO2 and H2O for 5 h. There are minor morphological structural changes in the catalyst, while the redox properties and acidity of the catalyst changed significantly after the treatment process of sulfuric acid impregnation and calcination. This means that the enhanced redox properties and acidity of the catalyst play a key role in improving the activity of NH3-SCR.
查看更多>>摘要：Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is not only a promising wastewater treatment technology but also an efficient heat generation method. In this work, the HC degradation of several organic dyes was carried out and the related heat generation was studied. The effects of geometrical parameters (orifice angles (alpha = 0 degrees and +/- 45 degrees) and orifice numbers (n = 3-9)) and experimental parameters (2.0-4.0 bar pressures, 30-60 degrees C temperatures and 5.0-15 mg/L concentrations) on Auramine O degradation and heat generation in orifice plate HC system are investigated. TOC analysis is performed to determine the mineralization degree of Auramine O solution. The generated intermediates are detected by LC-MS. In addition, the produced free radicals in HC process are identified by adding some trapping agents. The results showed that the HC technology has high mineralization and strong heat generation abilities in degradation processes of organic pollutants. For 6-orifice plate, 4.0 bar pressure, 5.0 L solution volume and 10 mg/L concentration, 81.39% degradation ratio of AO was achieved at 90 min cycle moment. And that, 1082.52 kJ heat energy with 40.09% thermal efficiency was obtained during 30 min cycle time. Perhaps, this work may provide a new strategy for simultaneous large-scale organic wastewater treatment and effective heat production recycle.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Institution of Chemical Engineers.
查看更多>>摘要：Polymeric membrane technology has been accepted as one of the significant tools in separation and purification process. Membrane preparation, modification and characterization are the key steps for selection of membrane in a specific applications. This review work may offer a point of reference to the researchers who are concern in fabrication of polymeric membrane via phase inversion method dedicated on immersion precipitation. In this review article, special consideration has been paid to the evaluation of polymeric membrane properties such as casting solution viscosity, coagulation value, membrane morphology, structure, chemical composition, porosity, shrinkage, hydrophilicity, water uptake, ion exchange capacity, pHresponsive behaviour, permeation, solute rejection, fouling behaviour and cleaning efficiency. This review article encompasses the applications of polymeric membrane in various fields. (c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Removal of color-causing compounds from wastewater is one of the major issues industries face because of its toxic, carcinogenic, baleful nature. It adversely affects aquatic life and human health too. Many processes are known to humankind, such as physiochemical, biological, chemical, and electrochemical. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are of particular interest among these processes. The current review presents spinel-type photocatalysts for dye degradation that degrades the color-causing pollutants (dyes) and converts them into molecules such as CO2, H2O, and other simpler compounds depending on the structure of dyes. At first, the basics of photocatalyst degradation and its mechanism are discussed, followed by works with different catalyst spinels. The successive sections cover the effect of doping and parameters affecting photocatalysts. Three spinels: Nickel Ferrites, Cobalt Ferrites, and Zinc Ferrites are specifically discussed. Effects of doping on A sites and B sites are both reviewed. In general, doping alters the spinels' magnetic, optical, and structural parameters. Doping induces defects in the spinel lattice and thereby increases strain which causes oxygen vacancies and higher surface area with a reduction in particle or grain size, which finally results in better photocatalytic activity and ease of separation because of magnetic properties. The current work reviews the recent works carried out for photocatalytic dye degradation using spinel-type catalysts. (C)& nbsp;2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：MIL-53(Co/Fe)/MoS2 (MIL-MS) binary photocatalyst was synthesized by a hydrothermal procedure through insitu growth of MoS2 on MIL-53(Co/Fe). In comparison to pure MIL-53(Co/Fe) and MoS2, the binary catalyst having 10 wt% MoS2 (MIL-MS(10)) (0.01 g/L) achieved 99% Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal (10 mg/L) through visible light driven activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS, 0.2 g/L), at initial solution pH of 6. The formation of heterojunction enhances the charge separation efficiency, activation of adsorbed PMS moieties and harvesting of incident visible light. Surface-bound & nbsp;Fe2+/Fe3 +| (surf ).& nbsp;& nbsp;Co2+/Co3+& nbsp;|(surf & nbsp;) . and Mo4+/Mo 6+|(surf) .redox perform significant roles towards charge transport and production of reactive species. EPR analysis, coupled with scavenging studies indicate that radical(SO4 (center dot -), ?center dot & nbsp;OH, O-2(center dot -) , h(+))& nbsp; involving oxidation mechanism imparted maximum contribution towards SMX degradation. Detailed degradation pathway was designed based on substantial intermediate analysis. Excellent visible light responsiveness, charge transfer ability and reusability over multiple catalytic cycles, coupled with excellent performance in various real water matrixes established MIL-MS composite as an ideal candidate for facile removal and mineralization of refractory organic contaminants under visible light irradiation. (C)& nbsp;2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
查看更多>>摘要：Spontaneous heating in the active goaf area during normal mining processes poses increased threats to mine productivity and safety, as evidenced in events induced by spontaneous combustion of coal. To control and mitigate this engineering problem, there is a need to gain critical knowledge of spontaneous combustion in the longwall goaf area, which can be achieved through a combination of field tests and numerical modeling. This paper introduces the spontaneous combustion management system widely used in Australia and presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for the simulation of gas flow dynamics in the goaf area, based on the site conditions of an underground coal mine where coal seam gas is predominantly comprised of carbon dioxide. The models were validated with gas monitoring data and used to conduct parametric studies for proactive goaf inertisation optimization. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of simulation results indicated that better goaf inertisation could be achieved when nitrogen was injected via cut-through at 250 m on the maingate (MG) side and surface boreholes at 100 m and 700 m on the tailgate (TG) side, with a total injection rate greater than 1750 l/s. The oxygen concentration on the MG and TG side dropped below 5% at distances of 120 m and 75 m behind the longwall face, with an oxidation zone area of 35375 m2, which was approximately one-third of the oxidation zone area of the scenario without inert gas injection. Simulation results help shed light on improving current goaf inertisation practices to effectively reduce the risk of heating in goaf areas and improve mining process safety based on Australian conditions and practices.(c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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