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Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]
Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers

Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]

0957-5820

Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers/Journal Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
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    On the evolution mechanism of permeability during gas drainage: Insights from deformation field, gas pressure field and temperature field

    Li JiaShoujian PengJiang Xu
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要： Permeability is an important factor affecting efficient gas drainage, ensuring coal mine process safety, ecological environment protection and clean energy capture. We develop a gas drainage physical simulation device with multi-physical coupling to study the dynamic response mechanism of permeability during gas drainage and explore the basic relationship between the interaction between boreholes and permeability during parallel borehole drainage. By installing 48 pressure sensors, 14 temperature sensors, and 9 displacement sensors in a test box, gas drainage tests of parallel boreholes with spacings of 250, 504, and 784 mm were carried out. The results show that during gas drainage in parallel boreholes, the dynamic evolution law of permeability in different spatial positions of the coal reservoir has apparent differences. The permeability near the borehole area exhibits a fast decline rate and a large recovery amplitude, and vice versa. The gas pressure, coal deformation, and coal temperature influence the periodical permeability evolution. In the early stage of drainage, gas pressure and coal temperature play a leading role in reducing permeability. In the middle and late stages, coal deformation slowly increases permeability. When the borehole spacing was 250 mm, the permeability decay rate and rebound rate were high with interaction between the boreholes; a drainage superposition area makes the permeability spatial variation difference between the boreholes significant. A correlation is observed between borehole spacing, gas migration rate, and permeability. The study is expected to have a substantial guiding significance for efficient gas drainage, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving coal mine process safety.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Improvement of bioethanol production using a new fermentation system: The process analysis and micro-mechanisms study

    Jinju HouXiaotong ZhangShudong Zhang
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要： Rice straw based bioethanol is a clean alternative energy source to alleviate the energy crisis and greenhouse gases emission. However, the efficient alkali pretreatment of rice straw for bioethanol production will generate several fermentation inhibitors, such as ferulic acid, which could inhibit bioethanol fermentation. Therefore, an adsorbent called Air Environment-Prepared Adsorbent at 250 °C (AEPA_(250)) was prepared using the enzymatically hydrolyzed residue of rice straw to detoxify ferulic acid in this study for enhancing the subsequent bioethanol production. Analysis of the mass balance showed that ferulic acid detoxification by AEPA_(250) had a high removal efficiency of 94.393% with a low glucose and xylose loss of 2.532% and 8.219%, respectively. A higher 277.551 mg/L bioethanol concentration and 76.005% glucose consumption rate in the SSBP system were obtained compared to non-detoxified sample. Furthermore, proteomics analysis indicated that certain metabolic pathways of TCA cycle and ribosome pathway as well as various coded proteins of ACO1, MRP2, RPL24B, MRPL33, RPL32, RPL39, RPS17B, RPS19A, RPS26A and ATP5 contributed to ferulic acid detoxification in the SSBP system. The findings of this study may help develop efficient pretreatment methods, detoxification strategies and engineering yeast strains for improving bioethanol production in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Study on dynamic heat extraction characteristics of heat exchanger tube embedded in thermal flow reverse reactor for heat recovery

    Yueyue ShiYongqi LiuYuqi Zhou
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要： In industry, the thermal flow reverse reactor (TFRR) is considered to be an effective means to reduce ventilation air methane (VAM) from fossil fuel operations. The purpose of VAM combustion is either to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas, to recover energy, or both these subjects. The heat exchanger tubes have been embedded on both sides of high-temperature zone of the regenerative oxidizer for heat recovery in this study to improve economy. The mathematical model is established, as well as the effects of inlet methane concentration and air flow rate on dynamic heat extraction characteristics of heat exchanger tubes under periodic conditions are investigated. The results show that sustainable and stable heat recovery can be achieved when the concentration is greater than 0.6 vol.% and the air flow rate is less than 596 m3/h. Heat extraction mainly depends on downstream heat exchange tubes. The asymmetry of heat transfer process between upstream and downstream heat exchanger tubes is analyzed. It is worth noting that the asymmetry is improved at high inlet methane concentration and low air flow rate. The heat recovery efficiency by the bilateral heat exchanger tubes is 61.72% at most, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the heat extraction mechanism of the heat exchanger embedded in TFRR.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Toxicity assessment and heavy metal components of inhalable particulate matters (PM_(2.5) & PM_(10)) during a dust storm invading the city

    Dong ZhangHanhan LiXiao-San Luo
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要： Dust storm (DS) represent global air pollution and health issues considering the high morbidity and premature death rate every year. This study explores the characteristics, composition, and variations in in-halable particulate matters (PMs) as well as their corresponding in vitro toxicity to human lung epithelial cells (A549) during DS and normal days (ND) in the downtown (DT) and the north suburban (NS) of Nanjing city, eastern China. Results showed that compared to ND, concentrations of heavy metals (i.e., Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb) bound in PMs were lower during the DS. Furthermore, the relationship of cytotoxicity with Ni and Pb levels in PMs was significant. However, the cytotoxicity difference was insignificant between NS and DT. This may be due to the long-range transport of components from natural sources mixed with local pollutants emitted from anthropogenic sources, offsetting the pollution difference between urban and suburban areas. During both periods, PM_(2.5) toxicity was greater than PM_(10), while the potential of PM_(10) to induce proinflammatory cytokines was comparable to PM_(2.5). Results suggested that inflammation risk will increase significantly during DS due to a substantial increase in ambient air PM10 concentration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    A simple approach for prediction of Henry's law constant of pesticides, solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants without using complex computer codes and descriptors

    Mohammad Hossein KeshavarzMohadeseh RezaeiSeyyed Hesamodin Hosseini
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要： A novel approach is introduced for reliable prediction of Henry's law constant of persistent pollutants, pesticides, aromatic hydrocarbons, and solvents, which have extensive use for the description of the movement of chemical compounds inside and outside aquatic ecosystems. The largest available experimental data of Henry's law constant for 530 heterogeneous chemicals are used to develop and test the novel model. This method needs the molecular structure of the chosen heterogeneous compound that is based on four non-additive factors including the contributions of hydrogen bonding functional groups, polar groups, halogenated compounds, hydrocarbons as well as the number of specific atoms as additive parameters. Internal and external validations are done on the estimated results for 353 and 177 chemicals of training and test sets, respectively. Various statistical parameters containing correlation coefficient (R~2), the maximum value of errors (MaxError), mean error (ME), and root mean squared error (RMSE) are also used to confirm the high reliability of the novel correlation as compared with the best existing method, which requires complicated descriptors. The values of training set R2, MaxError, ME, and RMSE for the new/ comparative models are 0.9512/0.8622, 1.521/4.417, 0.0000/0.0194, and 0.4632/0.7797, respectively. The same trend the mentioned statistical parameters also exists for the test set, which confirms the new correlation has higher reliability, goodness-of-fit, accuracy, and precision in comparison to the best available method.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    How accident causation theory can facilitate smart safety management: An application of the 24Model

    Qian LyuGui FuYuxin Wang
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要： Smart safety management (SSM) in organizations is an inevitable trend in a more intelligent era. However, the adoption of safety science theory lags behind the application of intelligent technology in SSM, posing several challenges (functional dispersion, low-quality data, and lack of versatility). Thus, the accident causation theory (ACT) is adopted to address the existing problem. This study develops a conceptual framework for SSM using the 24Model, a popular ACT in China. The main work conducted in this study is summarized as follows: (a) the description of 24Model and its characteristics, as well as an analysis of its feasibility and applicability in SSM; (b) a detailed presentation of the functions, operation principle, and control paths of unsafe acts in the 24Model-based SSM framework; and (c) a discussion of the framework's advantages, limitations in this research, and suggestions for future research. Research shows that the SSM framework based on the ACT can integrate the functions of the current SSM, establish management sus-tainability, enhance data quality, and ensure the versatility of the industry, which are the key factors that facilitate SSM. This study can offer a theoretical and practical basis for safety management in the intelligent era and provide implications for the application of the ACT.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Accident causes data-driven coal and gas outburst accidents prevention: Application of data mining and machine learning in accident path mining and accident case-based deduction

    Xie XuecaiShu XuemingFu Gui
    23页
    查看更多>>摘要： Analyzing the causes of accidents, excavating accident paths, and applying accident prevention are important tasks in safety management. Focusing on coal and gas outburst accidents, this study examined the primary accident path and conducted applied research on the reasoning of the accident case. First, combined with the obtained accident causes, a coupling analysis of the causes of coal and gas outburst accidents was conducted. Second, using the method of data mining coupled with Apriori algorithm, the coupling relationship between each cause module of the coal and gas outburst accident was obtained, and consequently, a path map of the coal and gas outburst accident was drawn. Third, a Bayesian network model for the causes of coal and gas outburst accidents was established based on the accident path map and the probability of occurrence of each cause. Finally, considering the safety concept element (SC1) as an example, the Bayesian network model was used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of accident causes. Thereafter, considering the coal and gas outburst accident of the Sanjia Coal Mine in Guizhou Province as an example, probabilistic reasoning research on the cause of the accident was conducted. The application results showed that (1) under normal conditions, there are approximately 797,280 accident paths for coal and gas outbursts. Following data mining, 188 main accident paths were found. (2) Sensitivity analysis determined 19 factors that were sensitive to safety concept elements (SC1), of which the three most sensitive factors were (i) resource management system procedures (SM7), (ii) safety policy (SM1), and (iii) safety training system procedure (SM8). 13 paths exhibited a sensitivity =0.5%, of which 7 exhibited strong sensitivity. (3) The absolute accuracy rate of accident cause reasoning in the Sanjia Coal Mine in Guizhou Province was 71.43%, while the relative accuracy rate was close to 100%. Thus, it was concluded that: (1) the accident path mining method proposed in this paper is feasible for main accident path mining. (2) The Bayesian network model for the causes of coal and gas outburst accidents established in this study can be practically applied for the sensitivity analysis of accident causes and exhibits high reliability in the probabilistic reasoning of accident causes. The results of this study is expected to aid in the prevention of coal and gas outburst accidents, and provide reference and help for the path mining of other accident causes and the probabilistic reasoning of accident causes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Air filtration performance enhancement of PTFE foam-coated filters at high temperatures via secondary strongly adhering PTFE nanofiber coatings

    Seunghwan AhnEuijin ShimYeonsang Kim
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要： A PTFE nanofiber-coated PG filter (that is, a modified PTFE foam-coated glass fabric filter (PG filter)) is developed with superior particulate matter (PM) collection efficiency under high-temperature conditions. A modified electrospinning solution is used to coat the PTFE foam surface of the PG filter with nanofibers (precursors to PTFE nanofibers); this electrospinning solution contains poIy(ethylene oxide) whose am-phipathicity promotes adhesion between the nanofibers and PTFE foam. Consequently, a PTFE NF-coated PG filter shows enhanced adhesion between the PTFE nanofibers and PTFE-foam surface of PG filter. The PM collection efficiency of and pressure drop across the proposed PTFE nanofiber-coated PG filter were investigated at various temperatures; the air filtration performance of filter exceeds that of a conventional PG filter. In particular, the PM_(1.0) collection efficiency of the PTFE nanofiber-coated PG filter is 1.13 times higher than that of a PG filter at 280 °C.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Experimental investigation of hydrogen dispersion characteristics with liquid helium spills in moist air

    Zhiyong ShuGang LeiWenqing Liang
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要： As green energy, Liquid hydrogen promises to be widely used in the future. However, its security issue has become a great concern because liquid hydrogen will quickly form a low-temperature, flammable, and explosive vapor cloud when leaking or spilling occurs. In this work, liquid helium spilling experiments were designed and performed to predict the dispersion characteristics of liquid hydrogen in confined space with controlled and comparable boundary conditions. The concentration cloud and the infrared cloud images near the liquid helium pool were obtained at the same time. Results show that the air humidity has an impact on the vapor cloud temperature change, i.e., every 10% increase in air humidity will lead to a 5 °C-temperature increase. The presence of high air humidity increases the vapor cloud buoyancy and promotes the cloud's dispersion in the vertical direction. The visible range of the helium vapor cloud is much smaller than the measured combustible concentration range with air humidity of 50-70%. The helium vapor concentration range at different vertical heights and horizontal distances also increases with the air humidity. The experimental data fits the cloud concentration decay curve under different ambient humidity satisfying the exponential function. The work is expected to provide a technical basis for safety studies of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium spilling.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    A probabilistic framework for risk management and emergency decisionmaking of marine oil spill accidents

    Xinhong LiYujiao ZhuRouzbeh Abbassi
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要： Offshore oil spills may pose a severe threat to marine ecological environment. In this paper, a new methodology based on Bayesian network (BN) and Influence Diagram (ID) is developed for risk management and emergency decision-making of marine oil spill accidents. The methodology integrates risk management before accident and emergency response after accident, which can balance risk and cost, and render an optimal decision-making. Marine oil spill scenarios including root causations, intermediate and consequent events are identified and modeled using BN considering the dependencies and multi-state of incident process nodes. The probabilities of offshore oil spill incident and the resulting ecological disasters are estimated. The prevention and mitigation measures marine oil spill incidents are identified and added to BN for developing Bayesian ID model, in which the cost and utility of implementing each safety measure are considered. Bayesian ID model can estimate the cost and utility of all safety strategies, and the optimal risk management and emergency strategy are determined by balancing the cost and utility. A case study of marine oil spill accident due to subsea oil pipeline leak is used to illustrate the methodology. It is observed that the methodology can efficiently support the decision-making of oil and gas sector in risk management and emergency response of offshore oil spill accidents.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL