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Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]
Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers

Hemisphere Pub. Corp. [distributor]

0957-5820

Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers/Journal Transactions of The Institution of Chemical Engineers
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    A UQ based calibration for the CFD modeling of the gas dispersion from an LNG pool

    Marco BellegoniClaudio ChicchieroGabriele Landucci
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要： The modeling with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of gas dispersion from a liquified natural gas (LNG) pool is investigated in detail to better elucidate the sources of uncertainties and the influence of physical phenomena, such as convection and diffusion, just above the pool. Indeed, a better comprehension of these topics can improve gas dispersion analysis and aid the implementation of mitigation measures. However, the literature shows a lack of knowledge on this matter, since the LNG pool inlet conditions have not been precisely analyzed so far. To this purpose, the present work proposes, for the first time in this field, the application of an Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) technique to calibrate the inlet conditions of a CFD model for cloud dispersion from a LNG pool. More specifically, the Burro test series is used to validate numerical simulations based on the solution of Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. As the LNG is released into a water pool, the real LNG pool radius is unknown. Moreover, the gas release is also unknown as it is not equal to the LNG spill rate. The generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) expansion is therefore used to estimate these uncertain parameters, by minimizing the errors between CFD and available measurements. The optimization performed on the Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) concentration maps shows how this procedure can give a very good agreement with the experimental observations, extending the accuracy of CFD simulations within risk assessment studies. Besides, this approach highlights how the influence of convection and diffusion on the simulation results strongly depends on the wind conditions. In this manner, the present work can help modelers to better setup CFD simulations with the purpose to aid the decision making in the process safety framework.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Evaluation of the advanced oxidation process integrated with microfiltration for reverse osmosis to treat semiconductor wastewater

    Sun-A AnJonghun LeeJeonghoo Sim
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要： This study evaluated the filtration performance and energy consumption of three different reverse osmosis (RO) membranes (ESPA2-LD, RE4040-BE, and TMG10D) for treating semiconductor wastewater. A ceramic membrane combined with ozone for RO pre-treatment and the influence of ozone injection on the filtration and energy consumption efficiency of RO were investigated. A flat-sheet ceramic membrane comprising Al2O3/SiO2-ZrO2 was used to treat real and synthetic semiconductor wastewater as feed water. The deionized water (DI) permeabilities of RO membranes were 144.6, 94.22, and 156.6 LMH/bar, respectively. The microfiltration process that used ozone reduced the permeability of all RO processes, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate decreased when ozone was applied. The application of ozone on power consumption was inconclusive, and its effect was unclear indicating an increase 3.37%, 4.48%, and 11.6% when filtrated with ozone, respectively. TMG10D showed the highest permeability followed by ESPA2-LD and RE4040-BE, for both, the real and synthetic wastewaters. However, ESPA2-LD showed the highest salt and TOC rejection followed by RE4040-BE and TMG10D. TMG10D exhibited the lowest energy consumption per ton of filtered water followed by ESPA2-LD and RE4040-BE. ESPA2-LD was determined to be the most suitable membrane in terms of the water quality stability and energy consumption in RO to treat semiconductor wastewater.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Identifying coal mine safety production risk factors by employing text mining and Bayesian network techniques

    Shuang LiMengjie YouDingwei Li
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要： Coal industry is a typical high-risk industry with frequent accidents. In an effort to ensure workers' safety and health, and reduce the probability of productivity decrease, it is essential to identify the contributing factors of coal mine safety production risks through certain technical means. Accident cases, as a concentrated display of accident hazard source, are of great value in extracting key risk factors that may induce coal mine disasters. Therefore, this study creatively proposed an effective method combining text mining, association rule mining and Bayesian network to deeply mine and use the massive coal mine safety accident case text data, so as to achieve effective identification of coal mine safety risk factors and explore the mechanism of interaction between risk factors and their importance. The research main included three steps. First, due to the high uncertainty and difference in the way of expression of the coal mine accident report texts, the conventional text mining process cannot effectively identify the risk factors, resulting in the incompleteness and deviation of the risk factors list. This study improved the text mining process, through Chinese word segmentation, keyword extraction, related word mining, semantic analysis, etc. to mine the collected 726 reports, and identify 78 safety risk factors. Then, the Apriori algorithm was used to obtain the extremely frequent itemset of risk factors and 362 strong association rules, and constructed the Bayesian network model on this basis. Finally, six main risk factors of coal mine safety production and their associated-factors were clarified through sensitivity and critical path analysis. The study shows that compared with the risks caused by the environment and equipment, the lack of management, education, and supervision are the root cause of coal mine accidents. This research provides a new way of thinking for effectively extracting using information from unstructured and non-standardized texts, as well as a new perspective for data-driven safety risk factors identification and complex interaction mechanisms research, having a great significance for coal mine safety risk pre-control management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Destructive sorption of NF3 as a novel greenhouse gas over Al2O3 @Mn2O3 sorbents with high surface area

    Limei WangYanfei PanYulin Li
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要： Destructive sorption of NF3 as a novel greenhouse gas on the metal oxides sorbents is an effective way for its destruction. The key issue is to develop an active sorbent for NF3 destruction. Here, AlOOH supported on carbon sphere (CS@AlOOH) was synthesized hydrothermally and calcined to produce Al2O3. Subsequently, the Al2O3 was coated hydrothermally by MnO_x at various temperatures and heat-treated to prepare the Al2O3 @Mn2O3 sorbents with core@shell structure for NF3 sorption. The results show that the higher surface area/pore volume and the promotional effect of surface Mn2O3 on the fluorination of Al2O3 substrate led to higher reactivity of Al2O3 @Mn2O3 sorbents than bare Al2O3 in NF3 destruction. For Al2O3 @Mn2O3 sorbents, the coating temperatures of MnO_x onto Al2O3 had a significant effect on their reactivity, and the one synthesized hydrothermally at 160 °C was even more active than the Al-Mn complex oxide sorbent reported previously. This work provides a good idea for the design of effective sorbents for NF3 destruction.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Distributed SFA-CA monitoring approach for nonstationary plant-wide process and its application on a vinyl acetate monomer process

    Jian HuangJieshi XiaoXu Yang
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要： Driven by the nonstationary and large-scale characteristics in the modern plant-wide processes, this paper proposes a weighting matrix decomposition based distributed slow feature analysis (SFA) task. First, the long-term equilibrium relationships between nonstationary variables are explored by CA to transform the nonstationary variables to be stationary. Based on this, SFA monitoring model is built for whole stationary space to extract the dynamic features. Considering the similar features in the monitoring model, the weighting matrix of SFA is decomposed into subspaces to strengthen the interpretation of local process information. Finally, Bayesian Inference (BI) is used to incorporate the results of each subspace to generate a global monitoring statistic. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the Vinyl Acetate Monomer process.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Enhancement of separation rate and recovery efficiency of milk whey proteins by addition of calcium and magnesium ions in batch foam separation

    Hideo MaruyamaHideshi Seki
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要： The influence of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) to milk whey solution at pH 6 on the enhancement of proteins recovery in batch foam separation was investigated. The pH of whey solution produced in cheese production was about pH 6. The separation rate was evaluated by the separation rate constant, k, by fitting to first-order kinetic equation, and the recovery efficiency was evaluated by the fraction of residual concentration of whey proteins. In the comparison of the case without and with the addition at pH 6, in the case with the addition of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in the range over 0.06 mol/L, the k became 4.4-fold and 2.0-fold larger, and the recovery efficiency became 5.3-fold and 1.9-fold larger than those in the case without the addition. The overall equilibrium adsorption constant, K, and the overall saturated adsorption density, X_s, were also affected by the addition of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+). The variation tendency of K and X_s was quite different. As increasing the concentration of both Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+), mostly K decreased, on the other hand, X_s increased. Judging from these results, the formation of aggregates/complexes of whey proteins by the addition of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) was suggested. The addition of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) could enhance the separation rate and recovery efficiency.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Enhanced degradation of diazinon with a WO3-Fe3O4/g-C3N4-persulfate system under visible light: Pathway, intermediates toxicity and mechanism

    Meghdad PirsahebHiwa HossainiAnvar Asadi
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要： In this study, the WO3-Fe3O4/g-C3N4 catalyst was investigated for activating PS in degradation of diazinon under visible light. Characteristics of the synthesized catalyst were analyzed via XRD, BET, TEM, FESEM, EDS, VSM, FTIR and XPS techniques. With the WO3-Fe3O4/g-C3N4-PS system, under optimal conditions (diazinon 5 mg L~(-1), catalyst dosage 0. 4 g L~(-1), PS 1 mM, pH 5) a diazinon degradation efficiency of 95% and mineralization of 69% could be achieved after 60 min. The results displayed that the removal of diazinon followed pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetics, and compared with WO3-Fe3O4/g-C3N4, PS activated with WO3-Fe3O4/g-C3N4 exhibited diazinon removal with higher reaction rate. The quenching experiment confirmed that the main active species were sulfate radicals (SO_4~(·-)), hydroxyl radicals (OH~· and singlet oxygen (~?2) and a possible reaction mechanism was suggested. Based on the intermediate products identified by LC-MS/MS, the main reaction pathway was proposed. In addition, the catalyst indicated good reusability after four consecutive experiments. Finally, the by-product toxicity was estimated by the Chlorella vulgaris. This work presented a catalyst with excellent efficiency in the PS activation, implying a new system for degradation of other organic contaminants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    A numerical study of gas explosion with progressive venting in a utility tunnel

    Jun LiDi ChenChengqing Wu
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要： A numerical model of a progressive vented gas explosion is presented. A CFD tool in combination with correlation analysis and an artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized to establish and refine the numerical model. The experimental results of 44 fixed vented gas explosions and one progressive vented gas explosion with moving obstacles were used to validate the numerical accuracy. The results indicated that the method to estimate the activation pressure of the pressure relief panels for a fixed vented gas explosion achieved a lower overpressure prediction compared to that for a progressive vented gas explosion. The progressive venting procedure was modelled by two-layer pressure relief panels with the upper layer having activation pressures with a linear ascent trend. The vents on the tunnel had an insignificant impact on the explosion load after being lifted over the tunnel top, and their falling process was unnecessary to be modelled. A non-negligible impact of the obstacles inside the tunnel on the flow field upon being pushed away from their initial positions was demonstrated. By employing an ANN, the critical parameters in the numerical model were determined, which were used to accurately replicate the experimental results. The findings clarified a revenue for the modeling of a progressive vented gas explosion as well as some shortcomings of the CFD tool.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL

    Palm fatty acid distillate esterifkation using synthesized heterogeneous sulfonated carbon catalyst from plastic waste: Characterization, catalytic efficacy and stability, and fuel properties

    Balkis HazmiUmer RashidSibudjing Kawi
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要： The extensive use of plastics in industries and households contributes to the proliferation of plastic waste (PW) in landfills, the oceans, and the environment, which represents a serious threat to numerous fragile ecosystems. Recycling rates for PW are still low, so solutions to the problem of waste accumulation are urgently needed. We report the transformation of waste polyethylene terephthalate food containers into plastic waste char (PWC) via anaerobic pyrolysis and subsequent conversion to an acidic solid catalyst for conversion of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) into biodiesel. Such an approach could provide a promising solution to the environmental issue of PW while simultaneously facilitating production of biofuels. In this study, PW was carbonized at 600 °C to yield a carbon precursor that was subsequently treated with sulfuric acid at three sulfonation ratios (1:10,1:15 and 1:20) to give a series of solid acid sulfonated carbon catalysts, PWC-SO3H (a), (b) and (c). The synthesized PWC-SO3H catalysts were thermally stable up to 375 °C. The deposition of sulfonic acid groups onto the catalytic surface was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Surface morphology analysis revealed a mesoporous textural structure with random sulfonate group distribution. Changes in crystallinity for PWC and PWC-SO3H catalysts were determined by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy and supported by Raman analysis. The catalysts were then evaluated for biodiesel production efficacy via esterification of PFAD with methanol. The PWC-SO3H (b) catalyst (1:15 impregnation ratio) provided the highest yield of PFAD-derived-biodiesel (96.9%) under the optimum reaction conditions of 5 wt% catalyst at 110 °C for 2 h with a methanol to PFAD molar ratio of 18:1. Recyclability studies revealed that the PWC-SO3H (b) catalyst was reusable for four consecutive reactions while maintaining high catalytic activity. Lastly, the fuel properties of the resulting PFAD biodiesel were within the limits prescribed in ASTM D6751, the American biodiesel standard.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL