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Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Elsevier Science S.A.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Elsevier Science S.A.

0925-8388

Journal of Alloys and Compounds/Journal Journal of Alloys and CompoundsSCIISTPEI
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    Lithium oxide loss of lithium niobate nanocrystals during high-energy ball-milling

    Kocsor L.Kovacs L.Bencs L.Lengyel K....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 The AuthorsCongruent lithium niobate (LiNbO3) prepared by sintering was ground under wet conditions in a planetary mill in order to produce nanocrystals. By using gradually lower sizes of the balls in the mill, the final particle size of the crystals could be reduced to about 12–15 nm. The particle size achieved as well as the lithium oxide (Li2O) loss of the lithium niobate particles were followed as a function of the grinding time. Lithium oxide was found to be released throughout the entire milling procedure, even in the case when the particle size no longer changed upon the grinding with a particular ball size. About 12% and 20% Li2O loss was detected upon grinding with 3 mm and 0.5 mm balls, respectively. X-ray diffractometry revealed the formation of a lithium-deficient phase, LiNb3O8, the presence of which was confirmed by means of Raman spectroscopy. The LiNb3O8:LiNbO3 volume ratio achieved for 70 nm particle size as calculated from both the diffractograms and the lithium oxide loss determined by coulometric titration was assessed to be 0.39 (± 0.03). Correlation was revealed between the composition change of the nanopowder and the total surface area of the particle assembly calculated from dynamic light scattering measurements.

    Carbon nanocapsules stabilized Cu2O nanocubes as the high-performance electrode material for metal ion battery

    Xia M.Rao G.Wang J.Jian X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Volume expansion and structural instability of electrode materials are the major challenges to limit the ion battery development, especially for electrochemical conversion reactions-based materials. Herein, we developed hollow cuprous oxide nanocubes (HCON) as anode materials for lithium ion battery using a surfactant free, low-cost and large-scale synthesis approach based on self-assembly principle in NaCl solution. HCON delivered significantly high capacity of 202 mAh/g at current density of 1000 mA/g after 200 cycles for Li ion storage and 261 mA h/g at current density of 500 mA/g after 50 cycles for Na ion storage. Furthermore, catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technique is employed to address partially crystalline carbon coating on HCON surface for stabilizing structure during Li+ insertion and extraction processes. Partially crystalline carbon decorates including nanodots and nanolayers are produced on HCON surface in relatively lower temperature range of 110–140 °C in CCVD process resulting in the formation of Cu2O/Cu@C hybrid. And Cu2O/Cu@C anode kept discharge retention of 84% for 200 cycles with reversible capacity of 265.3 mA h/g even at high rate of 2000 mA/g, significantly better than pure HCON anode and delivered discharge capacity of 11.3 times of pure HCON electrode (23.4 mAh/g). The reasonable combination of self-assembly approach and CCVD technique offers an effective way to introducing carbon nanomaterials in atomic level for designing high-performance electrode materials in ion battery.

    T1 precipitate bands and particle stimulated nucleation in 2195 Al-Cu-Li alloy during hot deformation

    Lu D.-D.Li J.-F.Guo Y.-J.Wang G....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Dynamic precipitation and recrystallization behavior during middle-temperature and appropriate strain rates provide a chance to obtain desirable structure, which significantly improve the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. In this paper, the microstructure evolution in the typical regions of processing map of 2195 Al-Cu-Li alloy during hot compression was observed via comparative characterization. The effects of dynamic precipitation and particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) on dynamic recrystallization have been analyzed systematically. At lower temperatures and higher strain rates, microshear band leads to a low power dissipation and provides preferential nucleation sites for T1 precipitates. With temperature increases (<500 °C) and strain rate decreases, the T1 precipitate bands are formed gradually due to the regular nucleation process on the microshear bands, which therefore limits the further growth of subgrains. Fine recrystallized grains along the grain boundary can also be obtained at high temperature via PSN stimulated by adequate stored energy, which was provided by large deformation near coarse secondary phases. Comprehensive continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) is more prone to occur with the decrease of strain rate, leading to a higher power dissipation at 500 °C / 0.01 s?1.

    Softening effect of trace Fe-substituted potassium-sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoceramics

    He B.Liu W.Zhou B.Wang X....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.For KNN-based lead-free piezoceramics, Fe usually enters the B site as the acceptor to harden the ceramics. Herein, Fe preferentially entered the A-site, and different softening effects were observed in trace Fe-substitution KNN-base ceramics. The effects of Fe doping on the phase structure, grain size and electrical properties of 0.96K0.48Na0.52Nb0.96Sb0.04O3-0.04Bi0.5-xFexAg0.03Na0.47ZrO3 (KNNS-BFxANZ, x = 0.0~0.08) ceramics were investigated. The most excellent overall properties (kp=0.56, d33=464 pC/N and TC=240 °C) were obtained with x = 0.06. The enhanced electrical properties are attributed to the substantial improvement in density and polarization efficiency caused by trace Fe ions. Of particular interest is that the trace Fe ions doping could regulate the TR-O/TO-T without the change of TC. This work provided a refreshing thinking for the study of soft/hard doping of KNN based piezoelectric ceramics, and was of great significance to further improve the comprehensive properties of KNN based piezoelectric materials without sacrificing Curie temperature.

    Biomimetic synthesis of craspedia globosa-shaped Na3V2(PO4)3 with high performance for sodium ion batteries

    Sun S.Chen Y.Tian Z.Li J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) possesses high capacity and structural stability to make it a research hotpot. Generally, traditional solid-state and sol-gel routes are explored to synthesize NVP. No detailed mechanism is proposed to illustrate the growth process of NVP grains in hydrothermal environment. In current work, we prepare the craspedia globosa-shaped NVP by a hydrothermal route adopting the methyl alcohol media. The growth mode of NVP crystal in hydrothermal environment is speculated and proposed. Summarily, vanadium pentoxide acts as the nucleating point, preferentially combining with phosphorus to form the crystal channels to accommodate the Na+, finally constructing the whole lattice framework. The precursor is tended to be the craspedia globosa-shaped material under the optimal hydrothermal condition (180 ℃). Essentially, the sheet structure in the grains’ interval is adsorbed and packaged on the surface to gradually form the globular particle in the force of surface tension. The unique craspedia globosa morphology covered by interlaced pathways on the surface efficiently increases the contact areas between active material and electrolyte, providing sufficient channels for the accelerated ionic and electronic transportation. Accordingly, the optimized craspedia globosa-shaped NVP sample (NVP-180) delivers a superior sodium storage property in both half and full cell.

    Industrially fabricated in-situ Al-AlN metal matrix composites (part B): The mechanical, creep, and thermal properties

    Balog M.Krizik P.Bajana O.Dvorak J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The present study (part B) is a direct continuation of the leading study (part A), in which we had introduced extruded aluminum (Al) + 8.8 and 14.7 vol% aluminum nitride (AlN) metal matrix composites (MMC) manufactured at a cost-effective industrial scale and targeted for structural load-bearing applications with an expected service at elevated temperatures. In the leading study the processing, microstructure of nitrided and extruded Al-AlN MMC and the thermal stability of the extruded Al-AlN MMC as reflected in changes to their tensile mechanical properties induced by annealing up to 600 °C were elaborated. In the present ensuing study we discussed in details the mechanical, thermal and creep properties, active strengthening mechanisms, and microstructure-property relations of Al-AlN MMC annealed at 500 °C for 24 h, which were examined in a broad temperature range of 22–500 °C. In addition to increased Young`s modulus Al-AlN MMC showed high tensile strengths determined at 300 °C, which were superior to any conventional Al alloy, accompanied with reasonably high ductility. At the same time Al-AlN MMC preserved excellent creep performance, which was superior to the heat resistant reference alloys, reduced coefficient of thermal expansion and reasonable thermal conductivity. The results confirmed that reported thermally stable Al-AlN MMC may be considered a promising material with an appealing set of the properties directed for load-bearing structural applications with an expected service at elevated temperatures.

    Heterostructure Co2N-Ni3N/NF nanoarrays synthesized by in situ nitriding treatment for high?performance supercapacitor

    Meng L.Bi J.Gao X.Xie L....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Transitional metal nitrides (TMNs) are regarded as comparatively promising electrode materials for supercapacitor due to the high electronic conductivity, good corrosion resistance and special electron structure. Herein, in this work a heterostructure Co2N-Ni3N nanosheets-nanowires arrays grown on Ni foam (NF) are designed and synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction and nitriding treatment. The prepared Co2N-Ni3N/NF nanoarrays has a high electrical conductivity, abundant surface active sites, charge transfer channels and the synergy effect between each component, which makes it exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance. Electrochemical test results revealed that the areal capacitance of Co2N-Ni3N/NF was 2.17 F cm?2 at 1 mA cm?2 using a three-electrode system in 1 M KOH. Meanwhile, when the current density increases to 20 mA cm?2, it can still retain 62.21% of the original capacitance, suggesting a good rate capability. In addition, in two-electrode test with Co2N-Ni3N/NF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, a maximum energy density of 145.65 μWh cm?2 is shown when the power density is 0.75 mW cm?2. And it has 85.90% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.

    Solvent evaporation induced preferential crystal orientation BiI3 films for the high efficiency MA3Bi2I9 perovskite solar cells

    Li J.Han H.Li B.Xu J....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In this paper, we develop a solvent evaporation induced method and demonstrate that it is effective in suppressing the growth of the BiI3 (003) crystal plane and favoring the growth of BiI3 (113) and (300) crystal planes. By using the as-prepared BiI3 films, we successfully fabricated BiI3 and MA3Bi2I9 (MBI) coexisting films with weakened (006) crystal planes, which are generally oriented parallel to the substrate and prohibit carrier transport. Additionally, compared with MBI films prepared from controlled BiI3 films, the resultant BiI3-MBI film is more suitable for fabricating efficient and stable photovoltaic devices. The best performing photovoltaic device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 1.53%. This work provides a new strategy for realizing high-efficiency Bi-based perovskite solar cells.

    Challenges and prospects of nickel-rich layered oxide cathode material

    Jamil S.Xu M.Wang G.Fasehullah M....
    28页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The increasing electromobility demands rechargeable batteries with high energy density and enhanced electrochemical properties. However, the commercialized lithium-ion batteries experience several critical challenges related to cost-effectiveness, long-term safety and calendar life. Ni-rich layered oxides, LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) and LiNixCoyAlzO2 (NCA) (x + y + z = 1, x ≥ 0.8) have been considered as next-generation cathode materials with the capability to achieve high energy density (800 Wh kg?1) and high operating voltage with low cost. However, their intrinsic unstable behavior, including surficial/interfacial issues, fatigue, inter/intragranular cracking, parasitic side reactions and thermal runway, causes severe capacity and voltage fading, deprived rate capability, and safety concerns during the charge/discharge process. This review article focuses on degradation mechanisms, challenges, and the most recent approaches, including doping, surface coating, structural engineering, dual modification, concentration gradient, and single-crystal cathodes were precisely summarized. Besides, the new series of Ni-based cathodes were discussed to alter the primary microstructural particle by replacing Co/Mn/Al in NCM and NCA. Notably, the compatibility and interfacial challenges of Ni-rich cathodes with solid-state electrolytes were elaborated to stabilize the electrochemical performance of this high-voltage cathode in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). The outlook presents a perception towards the practical application of Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials in electromobility.

    Directional-dependent precipitate microstructure and mechanical properties of tensile and compressive stress-assisted aged Mg-Zn alloys

    Chen C.Wang Y.Dou Y.Zhong L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要:? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Aging aided by external elastic stress is of scientific interest and practical importance in improving the precipitation hardening response of magnesium alloys. In this work, fiber textured Mg-6 wt.% Zn alloys were subjected to tensile and compressive stress-assisted aging (TSA and CSA, respectively), in which stress is applied along the extrusion direction. Results reveal that the precipitate microstructure, including shape, size, distribution and even internal defect structures exhibits a stress directional dependence. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy shows that a high number density of Zn solute clusters is produced upon CSA, and relatively fine β1’ precipitates are predominantly formed under TSA. First-principles calculations indicate that the stress direction-dependent solute diffusion ability is the leading cause of such directional-dependent precipitate characteristics. Furthermore, TSA generates a higher yield strength than that of stress-free aging (SFA), owing to the relatively high density of fine β1’ precipitates. Compared with SFA and TSA alloys, the CSA alloy contains massive Zn solute clusters and has higher yield strength and better ductility due to the strong cluster-dislocation interactions without the generation of local high stress concentration at the coherent interface. This work offers further insights into altering the precipitation behavior of Mg alloys by applying external stress field and provides possible solutions to achieve high strength-ductility synergy in Mg alloys.