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Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Pergamon
Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Pergamon

0921-3449

Resources, Conservation and Recycling/Journal Resources, Conservation and RecyclingEI
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    From CO2 sources to sinks: Regulatory challenges for trans-boundary trade, shipment and storage

    Gola, SwatiNoussia, Kyriaki
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies have been hailed as a solution to climate change with capacity not only to reduce atmospheric carbon di-oxide (CO2 ) but also to achieve net-zero emission by the mid-21st century. CO2 captured (either directly from the atmosphere or from large point sources), is compressed and transported to storage sites, either via pipelines or through shipping. Often, the CCS projects are deployed na-tionally where capture, transport and storage take place within the jurisdiction of one State. However, wide scale deployment of CCS projects is imperative for global matching of CO2 sources to sinks. To that end, the outreach of CCS technology needs to go beyond the developed world. Studies have indicated that developing countries have vast storage resource potential. Internationalization of CCS projects where CO2 is captured in one State and is then transported to another State for storage raises a number of challenges particularly in terms of trans-boundary transport and storage. This paper explores some of these challenges particularly in terms of interna-tional trade law, liability framework for shipping and storage and potential of insurance to act as a stop-gap arrangement until a regulatory regime is in place. It examines questions such as: whether CO2 and CCS tech-nologies are environmental goods and services under trade law; are there any regulatory frameworks in place to ensure liability against long-term health and safety as well environmental risks, and; what role can insurance industry play in promoting global deployment of CCS projects?
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Developing a Novel Approach Integrating Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity for Identifying Priority Ecological Reserves

    Huang, ZhixunQian, LingyingCao, Wenzhi
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The protection of biodiversity (BD) and ecosystem services (ESs) is of great significance to sustainability. However, little is known concerning the spatial assessment and dynamic adjustment mechanisms aimed at the synergistic protection of BD and ESs. This study employed a combined modeling approach, MaxEnt-InVEST-Zonation, to identify the theoretically prioritized protected areas for BD. This approach considers the potential distribution of species under the influence of natural conditions and human activities. The InVEST and CASA models were used to evaluate the theoretically prioritized protected areas for ESs. Then, the theoretically prioritized protected areas for BD and ESs were integrated to obtain a comprehensive theoretically prioritized ecological reserve (PER) that realized the integration of the areas with high levels of ecosystem function and suitable habitats for rare species. The integrated BD and ES assessment approaches were implemented in Xiamen City, China. A total area of 374.52 km(2) of PER was identified, and 62.3% of the existing ecological redline had high ES and BD protection values. The unprotected PER accounted for 9.46% of the total area of Xiamen. With an increasing intensity of human activities, the theoretically prioritized protected areas for BD and ESs along with their spatial consistency gradually decreased. The proposed approach for identifying PER by integrating BD and ESs could be used to evaluate the rationality and effectiveness of the existing ecological redline and provide a basis for the dynamic adjustment management of PER.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Extended use and optimization of struvite in hydroponic cultivation systems

    Stringari, GaiaGonzalez, RamiroVillalba, GaraGabarrell, Xavier...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hydroponic systems are an attractive form of urban agriculture due to their low weight load, inert substrate conditions, and overall better control of plant nutrition and growth. However, gaining urban food sovereignty cannot be at the cost of increasing environmental impacts, such as eutrophication and nonrenewable resource depletion, associated with phosphorus fertilizer use. Struvite, a wastewater byproduct, is a potential slowreleasing P source that can serve as a substitute for mineral P fertilizer. In this study, we explored the adequacy struvite in hydroponic systems, testing different quantities (5 g, 10 g and 20 g per plant) compared with monopotassium phosphate for pepper and lettuce hydroponic production. The results show competitive productions for both crops with the use of struvite, especially during the first lettuce harvest (225.5 g, 249.9 g, 272.6 g, and 250 g for 5 g, 10 g, 20 g and control, respectively) where a greater struvite dissolution was seen. Although all struvite treatments in pepper show low phosphorous content in the biomass, yields do not deviate greatly from the control (3.6 kg, 4.3 kg, 7.5 kg and 5.3 kg for 5 g, 10 g, 20 g and control, respectively). The environmental performance of all lettuce treatments showed a reduction in all impact categories, especially freshwater eutrophication and mineral resource scarcity, except for marine eutrophication. All impact categories were reduced for all pepper treatments with 10 g and 20 g of struvite. When the results are extrapolated to a full year of production, we find that the slow dissolution of struvite can sustain competitive production with an initial 20 g, with less impact in all categories except marine eutrophication
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Life Cycle Assessment application for emerging membrane recycling technologies: From reverse osmosis into forward osmosis

    Senan-Salinas, JorgeLandaburu-Aguirre, JunkalContreras-Martinez, JorgeGarcia-Calvo, Eloy...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Recycling end-of-life (EoL) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane modules into forward osmosis (FO) membranes is an innovative alternative to approach membrane science into Circular Economy (CE). Membrane modules are chemically modified and disassembled. This strategy achieves the valorisation of 69% of the membrane area and 63.7% of the plastic components. This study aims to assess the environmental potential of the above-mentioned recycling strategy. Therefore, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted with a substitution approach. The recycling strategy was compared with commercial Thin Film Composite (TFC) and Cellulose Triacetate (CTA) membranes at two different solution concentrations. To introduce the membrane performance comparison, a substitutability factor (SF) was developed with the flow ratio. OpenLCA 1.7.4 with Ecoinvent v3.4 and ILCDmidpoint and endpoint impact methods were used. The inventories of the commercial membranes were developed through membrane surface characterisation techniques, patents and lab protocols. One critical point during the inventory development was the estimation of solvent losses through BREF documents. However, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate its relevance in decision making. Results pointed out the interest in almost all ILCD-midpoint categories and all the ILCD-endpoint categories. IR-hh, IR-e and Feu Categories were unfavourable coinciding with low environmental credits of the plastic valorisation. Sensitivity analysis identified solvent losses as a source of error.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Investigating the physical and chemical characteristics of construction and demolition wastes as filler to regenerate beaches

    Arhoun, BrahimJimenez, CarlosNiell, F. XavierRodriguez-Maroto, Jose Miguel...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Currently, many countries around the world face serious problems related to coastal erosion. The use of natural fillers extracted from shallow areas as well as from rivers for coastal regeneration and beach nourishment generates additional environmental impacts that affect plants and animal communities, water circulation and coastal dynamics, amongst others. On the other hand, construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are becoming more abundant worldwide, generating additional environmental impacts related to water pollution due to leaching of contaminants, as well as loss of landscape quality. In this work it is proposed that CDW can be better suited to replace natural gravel for coastal erosion management. In addition, the use of CDW for beach regeneration will help to reduce the use of natural sources and thus to reduce the environmental impacts produced by extraction. This study investigates the physical characteristics of some fractions of construction and demolition wastes (CDW), particularly concrete, ceramics, asphaltic, and mixture material, to be used as filler to regenerate beaches, replacing the traditional filler generally used elsewhere. A wet ball milling method was used to adequate the physical characteristics (i.e. such as sphericity, roundness, and roughness) of the aggregates of CDW to be used for beach regeneration. The effects of the water mass to solid mass ratio (W/S), mass of sample to the mass of the balls (S/B), as well as ball milling time on the shape of CDW aggregates were studied. The optimum conditions to generate the required aggregates were W/S = 1, S/B = 0.5 and 1 h of ball milling. As particle size is considered an important parameter to avoid water turbidity, it is recommended to use particles with size greater than 2 mm, and the shape of the generated aggregates was calculated and compared to natural beach gravel. Wet ball milling significantly increased their roundness and contributed to a decrease of surface roughness, thus the final material presented high similarity with standard beach gravel aggregates. The durability of the material was also studied and compared to commercial gravel and beach gravel. The results show that weight loss during durability tests mainly depends on chemical composition of the CDW aggregates assayed. The chemical composition and mineralogical phase identification of CDW show the absence of hazardous elements and the presence of dolomite, quartz and calcite as principal phases. Inorganic composition of the CDW was also determined in order to comply with the Spanish Technical Instruction for the Environmental Management of Marine Extractions to obtain sand. Additionally, leaching tests of organic and inorganic substances were carried out according the European Standard EN12457/4 which specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under specified experimental conditions, particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg dry matter for materials with a particle size below 10 mm (without or with limited size reduction). All generated aggregates complied with standard requirements, thus based on the satisfactory results produced by wet ball milling treatment on the physicals characteristics of CDW aggregates as well as on their chemical composition and results of the leaching tests, it is proposed the use of CDW as filler in beach and coastal regeneration.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Recovery of valuable metals from copper smelting open-circuit dust and its arsenic safe disposal

    Gao, WeiXu, BinYang, JunkuiYang, Yongbin...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this research, an integrated hydrometallurgical process for comprehensive recovery of valued metals and safe disposal of arsenic from copper smelting open-circuit (CSO) dust was developed. By sulfuric acid leaching, Cu, As, Zn and Cd can be selectively extracted into leachate while Pb and Bi were remained in the residue. Then, iron powder cementation, iron salt precipitation and Na2CO3 neutralization precipitation were adopt to successively recover Cu as sponge copper, remove As mainly as thermodynamically stable ferric arsenate and recover Zn and Cd as basic sulfate. Afterwards, the obtained ferric arsenate residue was solidified by cement with additive fulvic acid (FA). FA had an excellent performance and it can reduce arsenic leachability to 1.5 mg/L. The zeta potential, FTIR and SEM analyses indicated that FA chemically adsorbed onto the surfaces of ferric arsenate residue and cement hydrates through carboxylate groups. FA promoted the deposition of cement or cement hydrates on the surface of ferric arsenate residue, thereby enhancing the physical encapsulation of arsenic residue. This research demonstrates the possibility of comprehensively recovering metals and safely disposing arsenic from hazardous waste CSO dust by the developed integrated hydrometallurgical process, and thus it has good industrial application prospect.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Production of Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate Using Barium Hydroxide Causticizing Agent

    Liu, H.Azimi, G.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH center dot H2O) is a crucial precursor for the production of lithium-ion battery cathode material. In this work, a process for LiOH center dot H2O production using barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)(2)) from lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) (leachate of lithium mineral ores) solution is developed. The effect of operating parameters including reagent type, initial reactant concentration and reaction temperature are investigated. Under the best conditions, more than 90% of the lithium in the initial concentrated Li2SO4 solution is converted to solid LiOH center dot H2O with 99.6% purity in a one-step sonication assisted process. Additional lithium recovery and purification steps are proposed to improve this process. The by-product of the process is barium sulfate (BaSO4), which can be directly sold or used to reproduce the initial Ba(OH)(2) reagent and is proved to be feasible in this study. Technoeconomic analysis of the process indicates that it is economically viable. It is expected this study would help the lithium industry improve the production of high quality LiOH center dot H2O from lithium resources in a sustainable and efficient manner.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Market Endurance: A cost-accounting based metric for measuring value retention for the Circular Economy

    Mellquist, Ann-CharlotteBoyer, RobertWilliander, Mats
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The number and diversity of product-level circularity metrics have expanded rapidly in recent years, however, there remains a lack of tools that objectively assess products' ability to retain their value over time. This paper proposes a simple arithmetic metric-called the Market Endurance (ME) metric-that partially fills this gap by relying on economic value data that can be easily scaled and accessed, that internalizes exogenous influences on product value, and that could be applied by managers with access to commonplace cost data. The metric is applied to a case study that compares eight different product-based utilities including four different furniture products, sold in two different business models. The case study confirms that the ME-metric rewards long life spans and high-endurance features like repairability, upgradeability, and adaptability. The ME-metric also rewards business models that encourage customers to retain the same product over longer periods of time and utilities that deliver higher value to the end-customer. The metric can be used for cross-product and cross-sector comparisons and can thereby be a catalyst for circular innovation and transition.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Spatiotemporal evolution of urban development and surface urban heat island in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau greater bay area of China from 2013 to 2019

    Wang, YafeiYao, YiboChen, ShaoqingNi, Zhuobiao...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：As one of the major bay areas in the world, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) has been experiencing a remarkable urbanization process, accompanied by the deterioration of the thermal environment quality. This study tried to explore how urbanization dynamically and regionally affects the thermal environment, by examining the spatiotemporal variation of the local climate zone (LCZ), the centroid movement of the urban form, and surface urban heat island (SUHI) in GBA during 2013 and 2019. The results revealed that the urban areas have expanded from the central GBA to adjacent cities and the gravity center moved from the urban core to the rural periphery, indicating the ongoing urban expansion in GBA. Meanwhile, the SUHI value was calculated and corresponding spatial association analysis was carried out to clarify the pattern and dynamics of the SUHI spatiotemporal change during the study period. The increased proportion of the slightly high SUHI level and expanded high-high aggregation indicated that the thermal environment of GBA has been heated up. Large increments of SUHI occurred mostly in the areas of non-traditional development and areas with high intensity of urban expansion. These increments were attributed to the land occupation of limited or agricultural development zones for urbanization. This study provides insights into the balance between urban thermal environmental and rapid urbanization. Future researches are recommended to address novel and sustainable urban planning strategies that are able to maintain the required urban growth without deteriorating the thermal environment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Development of sustainable microwave-based approach to recover glass fibers for wind turbine blades composite waste

    Rani, ManjeetChoudhary, PriyankaKrishnan, VenkataZafar, Sunny...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study, we report the development of a sustainable microwave-assisted chemical recycling process to recycle glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite waste. Degradation of GFRP composites using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid with microwave irradiation was investigated. Process parameters: Chemical solvent to composite weight ratio (mL/g) and microwave exposure duration were used at constant microwave power (700 W). The chemical solvent ratio (oxidizing agent/acid:30/70, 50/50) with microwave exposure of 180 s could achieve nearly complete degradation of epoxy. The decomposition rate (D-y) of epoxy was found as 97.2%. TGA and FTIR analysis was done to determine D-y and basic chemical structure of recovered glass fibers (RGFs), respectively. SEM analysis was done for surface morphology of virgin glass fibers (VGFs) and RGFs. The RGFs showed 99.8% ultimate tensile strength, 93.3% Young's modulus, and 95.7% strain-to-failure compared to VGFs. A plausible mechanism for the degradation of matrix material has been proposed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier