查看更多>>摘要：Scientific evaluation of the transformation effect of resource-based cities is an important way to measure the effect of the implementation of national transformation policies, and it is also an important issue in the study of China's urban transformation development under the "30-60 " goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutral. Based on the systematic understanding of the connotation of green transformation development in resource-based cities, this study constructed a framework for evaluating the green transformation performance (GTP) of resource-based cities in China, measured the GTP of 115 prefecture-level and above resource-based cities in China using the entropy weight-TOPSIS model, and further quantitatively assessed the policy effects of sus-tainable development planning (SDP) in China's resource-based cities from both the overall and local levels using synthetic control method. The results showed the following. (1) Time-series evolution characteristics analysis results showed that the average GTP allocation level of China's resource-based cities showed a steady upward trend in 2009 to 2018, from 0.4196 in 2009 to 0.4946 in 2018, an increase of 17.88%, and the growth rate showed a "W "-type fluctuating change characteristics. (2) Spatial differentiation characteristics analysis results showed that the average GTP allocation level of resource-based cities showed the heterogeneous characteristics of "east > middle > west ", "regenerative type > growth type > mature type > declining type ", and "ferrous metals > oil and gas > non-metals > forest industry > coal > non-ferrous metals ". (3) Overall policy effects analysis results showed that the implementation of the SDP policy had a weak positive promotion effect on the overall trans -formation and development of resource-based cities. The overall policy effect showed an "M "-type fluctuation trend, with a more obvious pushing effect at the early stage of policy implementation, and then showed a fluctuation and weakening trend. (4) Local policy effects analysis results showed that the implementation of the SDP policy had different impacts on the green transformation and development of different resource-based cities. This policy has positively promoted the GTP of mature cities (e.g., Panzhihua City) and declining cities (e.g., Jiaozuo City), while it has not significantly promoted the GTP of growth cities and regenerative cities. These findings can provide a reference for the optimization and improvement of sustainable development policies in resource-based cities in China.
查看更多>>摘要：Air pollution is impacting ecosystem services (ES). This paper proposes an emergy-based method framework to assess the dynamic impacts of near-real-time air pollution on ES at different temporal-spatial scales. The paper presents the cases of Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing and Baoding, China, investigates the impacts of air pollution on the ES in 2020. In particular, we compared the reduction in ES evaluated using either average (R1) or near-real-time (R2) air pollution data. The results indicate that the differences between R1 and R2 range from about 9% (for Baoding) to almost 45% (for Shenzhen), thus implying the underestimation of the impacts of air pollution on ES based on average data. The ratios of the reduction in ES to the average ES per hour are near-real-time dynamic, with the values of 0-231.62%, 0-59.42%, 0-50.51%, and 0-35.26% in Shanghai, Baoding, Beijing and Shenzhen respectively. Although the air quality in Shanghai is aggregately better than that in Baoding in 2020, the reduction in ES caused by air pollution in Shanghai is more than twice as that of in Baoding, emphasizing the necessity of investigating the impacts of near-real-time air pollution to properly reveal and assess the potential ecological risks. The ratio of the annual total reduction in ES to the annual total ES, near-real-time reduction in ES to the average ES per hour, and near-real-time reduction in ES to the near-real-time ES in Beijing are 7.22%, 0-50.51% and 0-219.27% respectively, highlighting the significance of near-real-time monitoring of air pollution and ES to reveal the potential or hidden impacts of air pollution on ES, and further to facilitate more high time-efficient and fine ecosystem management and conservation.
查看更多>>摘要：Titanium has become a strategic metal due both to its current use in coatings industry and increasing applications in aerospace and renewable energy. China is the largest titanium producer and consumer. In order to move toward carbon neutrality ambition, it is critical to uncover China's overall titanium utilization. Under such a circumstance, this study employs a dynamic material flow analysis method to reveal the evolution trend of China's titanium cycle from 2005 to 2020. The main results show that: (1) China's titanium ore is large in volume but low in grade, ore reserves are closely related with the primary origins, while the secondary origins are scattered; (2) The import dependence of high-grade titanium concentrate exceeded 86%, which indicates that the domestic resource endowment cannot meet with the soaring demand; (3) China's cumulative titanium stock had increased by 70 times during the study period, of which the potential dissipative stock increased from 93.37 kilotons (Kt) in 2005 to 1069.75 Kt in 2020; (4) The regenerative path of titanium scraps is remelting before ingot casting and cascade recovery during manufacturing, and the utilization of reclaimed titanium resource increased from 1.31 Kt in 2005 to 89.57 Kt in 2020 due to technological innovation. These findings reflect that China should not only pay attention on domestic titanium resources and substantial environmental burden associated with titanium mining, processing and utilization, but also seeking new high-grade titanium ores, encourage titanium recycling and diversify titanium resource import countries.
查看更多>>摘要：Replacing synthetic fertilizers by livestock manure has agronomic and environmental benefits, especially for countries with increasing livestock population and large fertilizer use, e.g. China. However, there are various socioeconomic and technical barriers for replacing fertilizers by manure, which are not well-understood. Consequently, recent governmental action programs are not well-targeted to the needs of crop farmers, and thus not effective. This study investigated farmers' preferences for technical and financial incentives for using manure, through a farm survey with choice experiment among 1400 crop farmers across China. Farmers preferred a policy package, including field guidance, machinery service and financial support. The preferred package will increase the proportion of manure N in total N input (fertilizers + manures) from zero to 6-11% on farms that used no manure so far, while had little influence on current manure users (<4%). We estimated that this package will double the amounts of manure recycled in cropland, reducing total fertilizer N use by 16.5%, equivalent to 7.2 Tg N in 2019. Especially crop farmers with a relatively high income, large farmland area, and high level of education were willing to apply manure. We conclude that enhanced replacement of fertilizer N by manure requires a package of technical services, financial support, and machinery services for cereal farmers, while field demonstrations and manure application machines were prioritized by cash crop farmers. These packages will greatly increase nutrient use efficiency and reduce the environmental burdens caused by poor manure disposal practices and large fertilizer use.
查看更多>>摘要：Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a key role in advancing electromobility. With an increasing trend in the demand for LIBs, the sustainability prospect of LIBs lifecycle faces many challenges that require proactive approaches. There are various sustainability challenges and risks across the supply and value chains of LIBs from mining, material supplies to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), users to final disposal. Risks are for example the increased raw material demands as well as some economic risks due to price increment or political instabilities in some countries within the raw material supply chain. Despite the promising research efforts on the performance metrics of LIBs and advancing the technology, the research on the various aspects of sustainability of LIBs and its life cycle are still in its infancy and require closer attention. As the editorial of the Special Issue on sustainable supply and value chains of EV batteries, this article presents some of the most pressing challenges of EV LIBs across the different stages of its life cycle. It covers issues from supply and demand of the battery raw materials, battery manufacturing, use, and end-of-life treatments. Within this context the reported findings of some 20 different research teams from across the globe, the state-of-the-art, technical or policy gaps in EV LIBs research and development are presented, as well as market instruments such as innovative business models, and governmental interventions like subsidies or regulations. We grouped the materials presented into five main themes (1) EV and LIB materials demand projections (2) EV LIBs international trade risk (3) EV battery regulation and adoption (4) EV LIBs life cycle assessment (5) and EV LIBs reverse logistics. We conclude by discussing some future research challenges such as the need for more reliable and applicable prediction models that use accurate data on EV stock and end-of-life EVs. Finally, we argue that more collaboration between academia, manufactures, OEMs and the battery recycling industry is needed to implement successful circular economy strategies to achieve environmentally friendly, flexible and cost-efficient battery supplies, use and recycling processes.
查看更多>>摘要：Industrial sludge is classified as hazardous waste as well as a resource of valuable metals and needs to be adequately treated for the sake of the environment and economy. This study reports a green approach for extracting and purifying rare earth elements (REEs) from industrial sludge using environmentally friendly washing solutions ((NH4)(2)SO4, N, N-Bis(carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA), tetrabutylammonium bromide ionic liquid (TBAB), and water) and a porous beta-cyclodextrin polymer composite (PCDP-M-SHM) respectively. The results showed that there is no significant difference between used extracting solutions. However, the speciation study indicated that most REEs in the sludge sample were bounded to a water-soluble fraction. Therefore, for economic reasons, water was used for further studies. Furthermore, the recycling efficiencies after the purification of leached REEs with PCDP-M-SHM were in the range of 76.0 % (Gd) to 87.3% (Pr), except for Ce (8.29%).Moreover, cost evaluation and sensitivity analysis studies were performed to investigate the applicability of the reported method at the industrial level. The cost evaluation results estimated $3676 as the cost of processing 1 ton of sludge with revenue of $710/ton of sludge. Finally, the sensitivity analysis test affirmed the profitability to depend on the cost of PCDP-M-SHM. Based on the future market price of REEs, the proposed closed-loop recycling approach could be a promising green solution for environmental problems related to mining, pro-cessing, and conservation of REEs resources as well as industrial sludge disposal.
Hapuwatte, Buddhika M.Badurdeen, FazleenaBagh, AdibJawahir, I. S....
13页
查看更多>>摘要：Increasing frequency of new product introduction reduces the potential to implement closed-loops and repurpose serviceable end-of-use resources, causing sub-optimal resource utilization. Furthermore, it hinders the transition to sustainable manufacturing and circular economy. Although careful planning of inter-generational design compatibility allows implementing sustainable closed-loops even in fast-paced multi-generation systems, designers currently lack the product sustainability performance (PSP) forecasting methods required for such planning. Thus, this paper presents a new design methodology that forecasts and maximizes the closed-loop dynamic PSP by identifying the optimal component-level commonality between successive design generations. The proposed method employs the Norton-Bass diffusion model to forecast multi-generation demand and utilizes the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II to identify the optimal design configurations. The representative PSP objectives used in this work are: maximization of manufacturer gross profit, minimization of total greenhouse gas emissions, and maximization of product's functional value (for customer). The optimized intergenerational component commonality significantly improved all three objectives considered. The results further demonstrate the potential PSP improvements by optimizing the market introduction timing of successive product generations to increase closed-loop resource management effectiveness.
查看更多>>摘要：Global wind energy is developing rapidly, with total installed capacity having increased from 24,332 MW in 2001 to 650,758 MW in 2019. Environmental concerns have been raised over the large volumes of waste that will be generated as these wind turbine blades are decommissioned over the coming decades. Although wind turbines are largely clean during operation, in manufacture and end-of-life stages they release emissions and consume significant energy. Wind turbine blades are mainly made from lightweight thermoset composites (glass fibre/ carbon fibre), which are economically challenging to recycle. This study aims to understand the economic feasibilities of recycling technology options for blade waste management. We have used a quantitative method, first building a financial performance model for wind turbine blade end of life, then evaluating and comparing the financial performance for all available end of life options, and finally performing a sensitivity analysis. We found that mechanical recycling and fluidised-bed recycling are the optimal options of the ready-to-go technologies, and chemical recycling is the optimal option for technologies currently available only at lab scale.
查看更多>>摘要：Recycling and reuse are major components of disaster debris management with significant environmental, economic, and social benefits. To develop quantitative and sustainable debris management practices, a broad range of data is required. Existing studies have not comprehensively delineated the data and analysis requirements for quantitative assessment of sustainable debris management, which limits proper disaster data collection and restricts the development of approaches to efficiently quantify, characterize, and allocate disaster waste among existing and emerging debris management pathways. This study aimed to fill this gap by reviewing previous investigations to identify the data required to quantitatively assess both critical and practical aspects of sustainable disaster debris management. The literature review indicated that the most significant data for post disaster debris management relate to i) the amount and composition of debris; ii) availability of temporary debris management sites; iii) hazards and environmental concerns; iv) economics; v) social considerations; and vi) funding policies. Considering the time-sensitive nature of different disaster debris data types, a four-phase planning framework is proposed for timely collection of data: pre-disaster, post-disaster response, short-term recovery, and long-term recovery. With significant identified data needs and finite amount of resources for data collection, particularly during post-disaster phases, social network analysis (SNA) is used to quantitively evaluate the relative importance of the data needs. Overall, it is recommended to develop comprehensive debris management inventories that aggregate diverse pre-disaster datasets, along with integrated specialized reconnaissance investigations to collect post-disaster data, most of which are identified as high priority.
查看更多>>摘要：Evolving technological advances are predictable to promote environmentally sustainable development. Regardless the development of novel technologies including Li-ion batteries production, it is unrevealed whether emerging advances can cause lower environmental impacts compared to a future displaced developed technology. Therefore, a strong interest is triggered in the environmental consequences associated with the increasing existence of Lithium-ion battery (LIB) production and applications in mobile and stationary energy storage system. Various research on the possible environmental implications of LIB production and LIB-based electric mobility are available, with mixed results that are difficult to compare. Therefore, this paper provides a perspective of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in order to determine and overcome the environmental impacts with a focus on LIB production process, also the details regarding differences in previous LCA results and their consensus conclusion about environmental sustainability of LIBs. An overview of the analysis, the results and comparison of 80 selected studies is presented. This study also aims to adopt a scientific framework to LCA in order to identify the qualities and shortcomings of this method of analysis. Based on the results from reviewed studies, meta-analysis, different calculations and estimations of the environmental impacts of LIB production
NSTL
Elsevier