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Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Pergamon
Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Pergamon

0921-3449

Resources, Conservation and Recycling/Journal Resources, Conservation and RecyclingEI
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    Constructing carbon sink-oriented waste management system towards reduction and maximum recovery via high-precision packaging waste inventory

    Li, ZhongleiLin, GuannvWang, HongtaoZhao, Yan...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Towards circular economy and carbon neutrality, the low-valued recyclable packaging in residual municipal solid waste (rMSW) should be transformed from incineration to recycling and non-recyclables should be reduced. This study confirmed that small amount of packaging plastic recycling in rMSW could contribute to great carbon sink. We firstly investigated high-resolution rMSW composition inventory including the used product types and polymers. Then the environmental performance of low-valued recyclables recycling and non-recyclables reduction was accurately assessed. Lastly, for contaminated plastic packaging, the trade-offs between cleaning resource consumption and recovery rate were quantified. Although recyclable plastic and Al-PE-Paper packaging only accounted for 7.7% and 2.0% in rMSW, compared with incineration, recycling low-valued recyclables and further restricting non-recyclables decreased greenhouse gas from +153.8 to -112.7 and -196.2 CO2-eq/t rMSW, respectively. This study revealed the significance of packaging waste recycling and indicated the path for recycling-oriented waste management in the further.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Low plasticity clay stabilized with cement and zeolite: An experimental and environmental impact study

    MolaAbasi, HosseinKharazmi, ParisaKhajeh, AghilehSaberian, Mohammad...
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：To mitigate environmental issues caused by conventional binders and gain superior geotechnical properties, pozzolanic materials can be considered for soil stabilization purposes. Herein, the effectiveness of zeolite for enhanced treatment of cement-stabilized clay was studied by measuring pH, maximum dry unit weight (MDUW), optimum moisture content (OMC), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and accumulated loss of mass (ALM), as well as carrying out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Then, the life cycle assessment (LCA) analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of cement and zeolite production and their use as stabilizing agents in clayey soil. The soil was stabilized by 2, 4, 6, and 8% cement contents and 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% cement replacements with zeolite. Furthermore, 56-day curing time was considered to assure accomplishment of hydration and pozzolanic reactions. Besides, samples were exposed to up to 8 wetting-drying cycles to evaluate durability-based parameters. The environmental impacts of the combination of cement, zeolite, and clay for constructing a one-kilometer pavement subgrade in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption in production, transportation, and execution were studied using LCA. Finally, Al2O3, SiO2, and CaO components were discussed to react with one another and to participate in the chemical reactions as the active composition (AC). UCS results indicated that up to 15% cement content replacement with zeolite, strength increased whereas it reduced thereafter. UCS and ALM were observed to decrease and increase during wetting-drying cycles, respectively. The efficacy of optimum zeolite percentage was more noticeable in higher cement percentages, both in terms of mechanical and durability tests. LCA confirmed that the efficiency of energy consumption and GHG emissions reduced with increasing zeolite. Also, for the samples containing zeolite and cement, the porosity parameter (n)/AC was nominated as a key controlling parameter for determining the UCS, ALM, consumed energy, and the produced CO2. Regarding the experimental program and LCA, the use of zeolite instead of cement is highly recommended both in terms of moisture changes, mechanical properties and environmental aspects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Estimation and prediction of plastic losses to the environment in China from 1950 to 2050

    Luan, XiaoyuKou, XiaohuiZhang, LongChen, Lu...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The widespread use of plastics has resulted in serious environmental problems. Large amounts of plastic waste are released into the environment. A dynamic material flow analysis model was employed to estimate the plastic losses to the environment in China, distributed into different polymers, sources, environmental media, and lifecycle processes. Microplastic and macroplastic losses entering the environment were 352.1 kt/a and 12.7 Mt/ a, of which polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (29.1% and 32.2%) accounted for the highest proportion, and the loss stocks in the ocean and soil were 4.0 and 173.7 Mt in 2020. The main microplastic and macroplastic losses were associated with the release during the use stage and mismanaged waste management. Considering the impacts from reducing plastic losses, the losses and loss stocks in 2050 would be approximately twice and four times those in 2020, respectively. The results of this study provide scientific support for reducing plastic pollution.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A closed-loop acetic acid system for recovery of PbO@C composite derived from spent lead-acid battery

    Hu, GuangZhang, PeiyuanYang, JiakuanLi, Zhaoyang...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：The current hydrometallurgical recovery routes of spent lead paste generate a large amount of acid/alkali re-sidual filtrate, bringing significant technical and environmental challenge. In this study, the low-impurity lead acetate solution was prepared by reacting desulfurized paste with acetic acid (HAc), which then reacted with citric acid to synthesize high-quality lead citrate. Further crystallizing lead citrate into larger size enhanced the filtration and separation performance. The filtrate containing 95% dose of HAc could be recirculated for leaching the next batch of desulfurized paste, so a closed-loop process of leaching reagent was realized. The leady oxide comprising carbon (PbO@C) composite was synthesized via calcination of lead citrate. Compared with the traditional lead-acid battery, the novel lead-carbon battery made of PbO@C composite showed better electro-chemical performance. The green recovery process of spent lead paste proposed in this research provided a sustainable strategy to recover secondary lead via a closed-loop route.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Global tellurium supply potential from electrolytic copper refining

    Nassar, Nedal T.Kim, HaeyeonFrenzel, MaxMoats, Michael S....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The transition towards renewable energy requires increasing quantities of nonfuel mineral commodities, including tellurium used in certain photovoltaics. While demand for tellurium may increase markedly, the potential to increase tellurium supply is not well-understood. In this analysis, we estimate the quantity of tellurium contained in anode slimes generated by electrolytic copper refining by country between 1986 and 2018, including uncertainties. For 2018, the results indicate that 1930 (1500-2700, 95% confidence interval) metric tons of tellurium were contained in anode slimes globally. This is nearly quadruple the reported tellurium production for that year. China has the greatest potential to increase tellurium supplies. However, most of the tellurium potentially recoverable by Chinese refineries appears to come from copper mined elsewhere. Further research into the business decisions associated with tellurium recovery may help translate the physical availability of tellurium into economic availability. The methodology presented here can be applied to other byproduct elements.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Circular Economy of Packaging and Relativity of Time in Packaging Life Cycle

    Sazdovski, IlijaBojovic, DraganaBatlle-Bayer, LauraAldaco, Ruben...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper introduces a new methodology for the analysis of the time of recycling to compare different life cycle assessments (LCA). We apply the three variables that define the value creation principles in the Ellen MacArthur Foundation's definition of circularity: material, energy and time. Including time in the LCA methodology improves understanding of the system under study, especially for products that have a relatively short usage time compared to their recycling time. We developed a formula that includes the time necessary for obtaining the secondary material needed for "n+1" product. The paper shows that we need to consider the production of additional packaging products, quantity of which depends on the time needed for recycling, to develop comparative LCAs between systems that serve same function. The proposed approach to packaging LCA contributes to the scientific debate over the allocation of credits and burdens between several consecutive life cycles of a material.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Implementing circular economy strategies during product development

    Diaz, AnnaReyes, TatianaBaumgartner, Rupert J.
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：Although recent circular economy literature has emphasized the strategic role played by circular product design in private sector organizations, strategic management literature has so far overlooked the management implications of integrating circular economy strategies into new or existing products. As a result, the implementation of circular product design in private sector organizations remains unclear. The present paper aims to describe the managerial factors necessary for the implementation of value retention strategies during design and to designate a range of conditions under which each factor may arise. Examples of implementation processes (n = 24) were collected via expert interviews and compiled within a comprehensive framework based on general morphological analysis. Hence, implementation processes are represented as a combination of a limited number of process conditions. The framework is also used to describe a taxonomy of process configurations using hierarchical clustering, which indicates a strong influence of corporate sustainability maturity profiles in the implementation configurations observed. The contents of the present work help bridge the gap between strategic management and circular product design literature by providing the building blocks necessary for the integration of valueretention strategies during product planning and development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Potential global GHG emissions reduction from increased adoption of metals recycling

    Gorman, Miranda R.Dzombak, David A.Frischmann, Chad
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Materials production is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and as consumption of commodities and resources continues to increase, so does the environmental footprint of extraction per unit of material. Primary production of metals has been progressing with steadily declining ore grades, resulting in higher energy requirements for extraction and processing of larger ore volumes bearing lower metal concen-trations. Secondary production from recycled material stocks requires less energy than primary production and thereby has a lower GHG footprint. An LCA-based assessment of potential future adoption scenarios (Plausible, Ambitious, Maximum) of secondary production in the total global market for major commodity metals was conducted to identify the GHG emissions reductions possible from increased metal recycling and secondary production. The Plausible and Ambitious future scenarios result in 4.5 to 12 Gt of GHG emissions reduction globally from 2014 to 2050, and a Maximum future scenario results in over 42 Gt of GHG emissions reductions for the same period. The results of the analyses of the Plausible and Ambitious scenarios, though not close to maximizing use of total scrap available, clearly indicate that even small increments of improved metal recovery for secondary production have significant potential for GHG emission reductions. Analysis of material feedstock costs was also performed to assess the cost to producers of switching from virgin feedstocks to recycled materials.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Transforming anaerobically digested sludge into high-quality biosolids with an integrated physiochemical approach

    Yu, WenboDuan, HaoranWang, ZhiyaoYang, Jiakuan...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study aims to propose an optimum integrated strategy for recovery and carbon sink by simultaneously considering low-valued recyclables recycling and non-recyclables reduction in anaerobically digested (AD) sludge management. This is achieved based on the scienctific finding in this study that three rounds of acidelutriation of the AD sludge (pH <= 2) effectively reduced the water content of the sludge filtration cake from 96.3 +/- 0.8 to 73.6 +/- 0.6 wt%, indicating an 86% reduction of sludge volume. The acid-elutriation also improved the stabilization of AD sludge in terms of specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen level, which meets the criteria of Class-A Biosolids (United States Environment Protection Agency). The quality of dewatered sludge was enhanced with the reduction of > 80% metals (including toxic B, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Fundamental investigations in this study illustrated a new mechanism underlying the observed substantial dewaterability improvements, i.e. acid-elutriation removes hydrophilic organic matter and leads to decreased repulsive force from hydration interaction energy. This novel mechanism suggests potential opportunities of combining other treatment technologies with elutriation, to achieve enhanced dewatering performance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Consumption Corridors as a new paradigm of sustainability

    Lombardi, AlessiaCembalo, Luigi
    2页
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier