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Sensor Review
I.F.S.Publications Ltd.
Sensor Review

I.F.S.Publications Ltd.

0260-2288

Sensor Review/Journal Sensor ReviewEISCI
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    Overview of LiDAR point cloud target detection methods based on deep learning

    Huang, SiyuanLiu, LiminFu, XiongjunDong, Jian...
    18页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing point cloud target detection algorithms based on deep learning, and provide reference for researchers in related fields. In recent years, with its outstanding performance in target detection of 2D images, deep learning technology has been applied in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data to improve the automation and intelligence level of target detection. However, there are still some difficulties and room for improvement in target detection from the 3D point cloud. In this paper, the vehicle LiDAR target detection method is chosen as the research subject. Design/methodology/approach Firstly, the challenges of applying deep learning to point cloud target detection are described; secondly, solutions in relevant research are combed in response to the above challenges. The currently popular target detection methods are classified, among which some are compared with illustrate advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, approaches to improve the accuracy of network target detection are introduced. Findings Finally, this paper also summarizes the shortcomings of existing methods and signals the prospective development trend. Originality/value This paper introduces some existing point cloud target detection methods based on deep learning, which can be applied to a driverless, digital map, traffic monitoring and other fields, and provides a reference for researchers in related fields.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Efficiency of temporal sensor data compression methods to reduce LoRa-based sensor node energy consumption

    Vaananen, OlliHamalainen, Timo
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose Minimizing the energy consumption in a wireless sensor node is important for lengthening the lifetime of a battery. Radio transmission is the most energy-consuming task in a wireless sensor node, and by compressing the sensor data in the online mode, it is possible to reduce the number of transmission periods. This study aims to demonstrate that temporal compression methods present an effective method for lengthening the lifetime of a battery-powered wireless sensor node. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the energy consumption of LoRa-based sensor node was evaluated and measured. The experiments were conducted with different LoRaWAN data rate parameters, with and without compression algorithms implemented to compress sensor data in the online mode. The effect of temporal compression algorithms on the overall energy consumption was measured. Findings Energy consumption was measured with different LoRaWAN spreading factors. The LoRaWAN transmission energy consumption significantly depends on the spreading factor used. The other significant factors affecting the LoRa-based sensor node energy consumption are the measurement interval and sleep mode current consumption. The results show that temporal compression algorithms are an effective method for reducing the energy consumption of a LoRa sensor node by reducing the number of LoRa transmission periods. Originality/value This paper presents with a practical case that it is possible to reduce the overall energy consumption of a wireless sensor node by compressing sensor data in online mode with simple temporal compression algorithms.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    DNA biosensor based detection for neglected tropical disease: moving towards smart diagnosis

    Stephen, Bjorn JohnSuchanti, SurabhiJain, DevendraDhaliwal, Harshdeep...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a set of infectious diseases that primarily affect low-income countries situated near the equator. Effective diagnostic tools hold the key to stemming the spread of these infectious diseases. However, specificity is a major concern associated with current diagnostic protocols. In this regard, electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensors could play a crucial role, as highlighted by renewed interest in their research. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current scenario for the design and development of biosensors for the detection of NTDs related pathogens. This review highlights the different types of factors involved and the modifications used to enhance sensor properties. Design/methodology/approach The authors discuss the potential of electrochemical DNA biosensors as efficient, affordable diagnostic tools for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs by reviewing available literature. This study discusses the biosensor components, mainly the probe selection and type of electrodes used, and their potential to improve the overall design of the biosensor. Further, this study analyses the different nanomaterials used in NTD-based electrochemical DNA biosensors and discusses how their incorporation could improve the overall sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor design. Finally, this study examines the impact such techniques could have in the future on mass screening of NTDs. Findings The findings provide an in-depth analysis of electrochemical DNA biosensors for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs. Originality/value This review provides an update on the different types and modifications of DNA biosensors that have been designed for the diagnosis of NTD-related pathogens.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Chip-level design for intelligent human position detection based on PIR sensor

    Hsia, Shih ChangWang, Szu-HongChen, Hung-Lieh
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose This study aims to present a novel technique to localize the human position in a room, to manage people in a specified space. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a real-time human sensing detection and smart lighting control was designed within a single silicon core. The chip has been successfully realized within 1.5 mm(2) silicon area using TSMC 0.25 um process. Findings This chip can read the weak signal of pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor to find the position of human body in a dark room and then help control the smart lighting system for an intelligent surveillance system. Originality/value This chip presented the retriggering delay control to expand the LED lighting time infinitely to avoid lighting-off suddenly while users stay on a space. This function is very useful in a practical intelligent surveillance system that is mainly based on human detection to better reduce power dissipation and memory space.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Automatic alignment system device of micro-nanofluid control chip and its application

    Wang, JunyaoChen, XingyuLiu, HuanSun, Gongchen...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide a micro-nano chip automatic alignment system. Used for micron and nanometer channel alignment of microfluidic chip. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, combined with the reconstructed micro-nanoscale Hough transform theory, a "clamp-adsorb-rotate" chip alignment method is proposed. The designed alignment system includes a microscopic identification device, a clamping device and a suction device. After assembly, the straightness of the linear slide rail in the horizontal and vertical directions was tested, respectively. The results show that in the horizontal and vertical directions, the linearity error of the linear slide is +0.29 and 0.30 mu m, respectively, which meets the requirement of chip alignment accuracy of 15 mu m. In the direction of rotation, the angular error between the microchannel and the nanochannel is +/- 0.5 degrees. In addition, an alignment flow experiment of the chip is designed. The results demonstrate that the closer the angle between the microchannel and the nanochannel is to 90 degrees, the fluid fills the entire channel. Compared with the conventional method, the method and the assembly system realize fully automatic double-layer chip alignment. Findings A mechanical device designed by Hough transform theory can realize microfluidic chip alignment at nanometer and micron level. Originality/value The automatic alignment device adopts Hough transform principle and can be used for microfluidic chip alignment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Preparation and performance of CNTs-Pt formaldehyde sensor and CNTs-Au glucose sensor

    Zhao, BinZhou, YaweiQu, JunfengYin, Fei...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose Since carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered by Iijima in 1991, they have gained more and more attention by people because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The CNTs have one-dimensional nanostructure, high surface adsorption capacity, good conductivity and electronic ballistic transmission characteristics and therefore have excellent mechanical, electrical, physical and chemical properties. CNTs are ideal basic materials to make nanometer gas sensors. Nanometallic materials function as to enhance electrode activity and promote the electron transfer, so if composite nanometallic materials M (such as Au, Pt, Cu and Pd) and CNTs are used, all kinds of their characters of components would have coeffect. Electrochemical sensors by use of such composite as electrode would have a higher detection sensitivity. Design/methodology/approach CNTs were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition technique and were purified afterward. CNTs-M(Pt,Au) suspension was prepared by chemical deposition using spinning disc processor (SDP) and was coated on gold electrode. The modified electrodes were constructed, based on immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode by electrostatic effect. CNTs-Pt/ glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) electrodes were made by electrochemically deposition of platinum particles on GCE modified by CNTs. The microstructures of the harvested CNTs, CNTs-M (M = Au, Pt) were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The application of the sensor in medical detection has been evaluated. Findings The results shown that CNTs-Au biosensors exhibit good reproducibility, stability and fast response to glucose detection, it can be used in the clinic detection of glucose concentration in human serum. Using CNTs-Pt/GCE for formaldehyde detection exhibited high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Originality/value This study modified CNTs by using self-assembled techniques through SDP with nano Pt and Au by electrodeposition for the first time. CNTs-Pt/GCE electrode was prepared by depositing platinum particles electrochemically on GCE modified by CNTs. CNTs-Au-modified electrode was prepared by immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode first by electrostatic effect. Electrochemical behaviors of glucose at CNTs-Au and formaldehyde at CNTs-Pt/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Formaldehyde gas sensing using metal oxide semiconductor: a brief review

    Ishak, SyafiqahJohari, ShazlinaRamli, Muhammad MahyiddinDarminto, Darminto...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose This review aims to give an overview about zinc oxide (ZnO) based gas sensors and the role of doping in enhancing the gas sensing properties. Gas sensors based on ZnO thin film are preferred for sensing applications because of their modifiable surface morphology, very large surface-to-volume ratio and superior stability due to better crystallinity. The gas detection mechanism involves surface reaction, in which the adsorption of gas molecules on the ZnO thin film affects its conductivity and reduces its electrical properties. One way to enhance the gas sensing properties is by doping ZnO with other elements. A few of the common and previously used dopants include tin (Sn), nickel (Ni) and gallium (Ga). Design/methodology/approach In this brief review, previous works on doped-ZnO formaldehyde sensing devices are presented and discussed. Findings Most devices provided good sensing performance with low detection limits. The reported operating temperatures were within the range of 200(3)C -400(3)C. The performance of the gas sensors can be improved by modifying their nanostructures and/or adding dopants. Originality/value As of yet, a specific review on formaldehyde gas sensors based on ZnO metal semiconductors has not been done.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Thermal airflow sensor design and temperature compensation research based on the thermostatic method

    Tong, XinHao, BaoerChen, ZhiLiu, Haiyang...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose This paper aims to solve the typical thermal airflow sensor's high power consumption and integration difficulties, based on the FS5 thermal element and constant temperature measurement method, a flow sensor is developed with high measurement accuracy, low power consumption, small size, low cost and easy system integration. Design/methodology/approach A small wind tunnel was used to test and assess the sensor's measurement range, reaction time, stability, repeatability, measurement accuracy and multi-temperature calibration was performed in the temperature range of -10 degrees C to 30 degrees C. The effect of ambient temperature on the sensor's measurement data is investigated, and the coefficient correction method of power function was investigated to implement the sensor's software temperature compensation function. Findings The results show that the sensor is stable and repeatable, the output voltage has a power function relationship with the airflow rate, the flow rate measurement range is 0-18 m/s, the response time is less than 3 s, the measurement accuracy at high flow rates is within 0.4 m/s and the temperature-corrected airflow rate measurement error is less than 5%. Setting the temperature calibration interval to 2 degrees C and 5 degrees C has the same temperature compensation effect, reducing the sensor's calibration effort significantly. Originality/value This paper demonstrates that a thermostatic method is used to construct a thermal wind speed sensor that delivers accurate measurements in the wind speed measuring range of 0-18 m/s under test conditions. In addition, the sensor's performance is evaluated, and calibration tests for a wide range of temperatures are done. Finally, based on the power function correction method, a temperature compensation algorithm is proposed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Research on compensation method for registration error of large-scale measurement field based on multi-temperature sensors

    Huang, LuluHuang, XiangLi, Shuang-Gao
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose The size of the aircraft tooling structure is huge, and the ambient temperature is difficult to maintain a constant state. Aiming at the influence of current temperature, this paper aims to propose a compensation method for registration error of large-scale measurement fields based on multi-temperature sensors. Design/methodology/approach In this method, an enhanced reference points (ERS)-temperature regression model is constructed from ERS and temperature data. The ERS offsets compensation model is established by solving the offset through the regression model, and the ERS offset compensation analysis is carried out. Findings The experimental results show that the proposed registration error compensation algorithm has obvious advantages over traditional methods in reducing the influence of ambient temperature and improving the measurement accuracy by reducing the registration error. Originality/value This method reduces registration error caused by the influence of ambient temperature and is used for aircraft measurements in different temperature environments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing

    Fabrication of flexible carbon heaters and silver interdigitated electrodes using ink-jet printing technology for electro-chemical gas sensor applications

    Kathirvelan, Jayaraman
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deal with an identification of a novel ink-jet printing sensor fabrication technology for fabricating flexible carbon heaters of macro and micro sizes, carbon interdigitated (IDT) electrodes and silver IDT electrodes. The technology involved in the proposed ink-jet printing method and materials used for the formulation of homemade nano-conductive inks (digital inks) are discussed in detail. The ink-jet printed flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro) and carbon IDT electrodes and flexible silver IDT electrodes can be used as the flexible sensing layers in electrochemical gas sensors for sensitive and selective gas sensing applications. The characterization of ink-jet printed carbon heaters on Kapton substrate and its results are discussed. Similarly, the results of formulation of silver nano-conductive ink and printing of silver IDT electrodes on Kapton and its characterization are reported here for the first time. Design/methodology/approach Flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro), carbon micro-IDT electrodes and silver IDT electrodes patterns were developed using AutoCAD 2D and printed on the Kapton (polyimide sheet) flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks with the help of EpsonT60 commercial piezo-head-based drop-on demand technology printer with standard printing options. Findings The proposed novel method is able to print heater patterns and IDT electrode patterns of approximately 12 mu m and approximately 1 mu m thickness, respectively, on flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks of carbon and silver by using a commercial low-cost printer. The home-made nano-conductive inks can be re-used for multiple prints up to six months shelf life. The resistance of the carbon heater was measured as 88 O under normal atmospheric condition. The novel flexible carbon heater was tested for its functionality and found to be satisfactory. The resistance of the silver IDT flexible electrodes was measured as 9.5 O which is better than the earlier works carried out in this paper. Research limitations/implications The main challenge is associated with cleaning of printing ink ejection system in the existing commercial printers. The customization of the existing printer in the near future can minimize the printing challenges. Practical implications The novel ink-jet printing technology proposed in this work is cost-effective, capable of achieving bulk production of flexible sensor elements, and consumes the least device fabrication time and high material yielding. The printing can be done with commercial piezo-head-based ink-jet printers with custom-prepared nano-conductive inks. There is a huge market potential for this paper. Originality/value Both the carbon heaters and silver IDT electrodes were printed on Kapton flexible substrate by using the commercial printer for the first time. The paper is promising the revolution in flexible low-cost sensor fabrication for mass production, and it is an alternate for thin film and thick sensor fabrication methods. The future of sensor fabrication technology will be the ink-jet printing method. In this paper, the research developments of flexible carbon heaters and flexible silver IDT electrodes for the time are reported. The characterization of carbon heaters and silver IDT electrodes were carried out and confirmed that the results are favourable for gas sensor applications.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Emerald Group Publishing