查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdFor mining to be conducted in Turkey, at least one (mining engineer) permanent supervisor is required to be employed in enterprises. From the perspective of mining investors –as a cost item-share of supervisor salaries in the annual mining operating costs is a matter of question. Because, personnel salaries constitute an important part of mining operating costs. Mining investors desire this share not to be high in the total costs. This share makes mining enterprises economically vulnerable in the face of unexpected costs. In Turkey, since land use costs and taxes that mining enterprises pay are high, investors are led towards the methods which they will be able to make an easier cost controlling with. One of these emerges with the deduction from the salaries of employees and mining engineer supervisors and, even, with the practice of dismissing them. With the effect of these factors, can not be fully collecting the supervisor salaries from licensee is one of the biggest problems in the practice in the permanent supervisor system in Turkey. Over SurveyMonkey program, 33% of supervisors stated that they receive their salaries with a delay, and 53% receive their salaries lower than the minimum salary tariff determined in Official Gazette. For supervisors to receive their salaries without delay and over the minimum salary tariff determined according to Official Gazette, in what kind of payment system should the salaries be given? In this study, it was analysed how much of a share the salaries of supervisors working in different mineral groups and (open-pit/underground) operating methods constitute in mining operating costs. The ratio of a supervisor salary to annual operating costs for all mineral groups is 2.8% on average. If other mining engineers who are not supervisors in the operation are included as well, the ratio of salaries of all mining engineers to annual operating costs is 4.7% on average. If all of the supervisors received their salaries over the minimum tariff, this rate would have been 6.4%. When considering an estimated employee salary over the minimum wage, the ratio of the total salaries of all mining engineers and employees in the enterprise to operating costs is 22.7%. These rates, in which the other engineers salaries in the mining operation are excluded, show that the total salaries of the personnel working in a mining operation have a high share in the operating costs. In the presence of this high share, to ensure salary assurance of supervisors and for them to receive a salary at least over the minimum tariff, it will be beneficial to launch a Permanent Supervisor Fund where will be followed up in the control of the state, and where their salaries will be made by the employer. In which payment system should the supervisor salaries be given so that supervisors can receive their salaries without delay and above the minimum tariff? It is wondered whether the supervisor salaries are higher than the minimum salary tariff determined according to Official Gazette in Turkey. The Fund will not only economically contribute to supervisors but also to investors, the bank -with whom the contract is made-, government, mining administration.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdAs a strategic mineral resource, cobalt is widely used in the lithium-ion batteries of new energy vehicles. Due to the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the demand for cobalt resources is increasing daily. This paper analyses the current situation of cobalt trade from the perspective of the whole industry chain. Furthermore, the effect of country risk on the cobalt trade pattern is analysed based on panel regression. The results show that the total scale of the upstream trade network is shrinking, while the scale of the middle and downstream trade networks is relatively stable. In the upstream trade network, China, the Netherlands, the US and the UK have strong control over resources. In the midstream network, China, the UK and France are the most influential, with China ranking first. In the downstream network, China, the UK, France, Canada and the US are the most influential countries, and China's influence continues to rank first. In addition, through the empirical analysis of panel regression, we find that the impact of political risk on midstream and downstream trade is almost positive, and the impact of economic risk is negative.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdBy combining rank dependent expected utility (RDEU) theory model with asymmetric hawk-dove game model, this paper builds the RDEU hawk-dove game model to resolve the iron ore trade conflict between Chinese steel companies and Australian iron ore companies. Moreover, the impact of corporate benefits, conflict costs, “emotional factors” and “asymmetric factors” on corporate strategic choices are considered comprehensively. The study finds that:(1) When the benefits of Chinese and Australian companies are less than the conflict costs, there are the following conclusions. First, concerning the “emotional factors”, compared with optimism, pessimism has greater impact on the strategic choices of Chinese and Australian companies. Second, the greater the degree of asymmetry in the pricing power of Chinese and Australian companies, more Australian iron ore companies tend to choose the extreme confrontation strategy, and more Chinese steel companies tend to choose the peaceful settlement strategy. Finally, when the emotional factors and asymmetric factors are equal, compared with Chinese companies, the probability of Australian companies adopting the extreme confrontation strategy is higher, which is mainly due to the higher incomes of Australian companies. (2) When the benefits of Chinese companies are less than the conflict costs and the benefits of Australian companies are greater than the conflict costs, regardless of the emotions of both parties in the game, Australian companies tend to choose the extreme confrontation strategy, and Chinese companies tend to choose the peaceful settlement strategy. (3) When the benefits of Chinese and Australian companies are greater than the conflict costs, regardless of the emotions of both parties in the game, Chinese and Australian companies tend to choose extreme confrontation strategy. The research results can provide a reference for Chinese and Australian companies to resolve iron ore trade conflicts.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis research uses country-specific economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices to predict the volatility of European Union Allowance (EUA) futures and compares dimension reduction techniques and combination forecasting methods to improve the accuracy of EUA futures volatility. We use the classic autoregressive (AR) model as a benchmark and construct some extensions of this model. The empirical results show that the economic policy uncertainty indices mainly have long-term predictive ability for the volatility of carbon futures. Both dimension reduction techniques and combination forecasting methods can produce robust long-term out-of-sample forecasting effects. However, these effects depend on the overall forecasting ability of the variables participating in dimension reduction and combination to a certain extent. We have also made a model extension to consider the out-of-sample forecast performance during periods of high volatility and low volatility. We find that country-specific EPU indices are more effective in predicting low volatility of the EUA futures. Finally, we confirm that our results are robust based on the recursive forecasting method.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis study investigates the impact of the recent COVID-19 pandemic on the time-frequency volatility spillovers across the international crude oil market and Chinese major energy futures markets. In addition to the Chinese crude oil market, six other major energy futures markets in China are also considered. Volatility spillover networks are constructed based on the generalized forecast error variance decomposition in the frequency domain. The results demonstrate that the outbreak of COVID-19 strengthened the total volatility spillover across these markets. Interestingly, the volatility spillovers from the international crude oil market to China's markets were found to be overall strong in the long term and to have increased substantially during the pandemic. However, the spillovers across the domestic markets were found to dominate in the short term, even with the occurrence of the pandemic and crude oil price turbulence. The findings suggest that policymakers and investors should be cautious about the diverse impacts of the pandemic at multiple scales.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) is often implicated as a source of pollution to water systems. In this paper, we explore the water management systems of a formalised small-scale mining operator in Ghana to explicate how its operational activities and organising routines contribute to sustainable water management in practice. Emphasizing how sustainable management of water bodies play out in organising, our study highlights the underpinning mechanisms shaping the shift to environmentally sustainable operations. By unpacking the complex practices of water management in ASM operations, the study extends understanding of how sustainability driven practices emerge and comes to be identified and labelled in the context of an industry historically tagged as an ‘enemy of the environment’, and the consequences that follow. Thus, contrary to the dominant logic of stigmatizing ASM as water polluting champions, our study suggests that ASM operators could be caretakers of water bodies and the environment. We conclude by highlighting implications for policy on sustainable water management.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The growing worry about changing climatic circumstances, the COVID-19 economic crisis, and the management and conservation of biological resources necessitates the development of appropriate models for the long-term management of mining resources, as well as the regulation of extractivism at the Latin American level and its massive effects on the environment and communities. The major goal of this paper is to evaluate the influence of the mining conflict on the scholar. This study analyzed the Latin American mining sector and its recent evolution in the socio-ecological conflicts issues. The research was conducted through a bibliometric analysis in Scopus database from 1991 to 2020. The period with the highest concentration of publications was from 2013 to 2020, and the countries with the most substantial number of publications are Colombia and the USA. Our article concludes that mining conflicts are causing increasing worry among scholar, and their management has significant potential to address the issues of protecting the environment and communities while avoiding the crisis and its consequences in Latin America.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdAlthough some scholarly attention has been given to assessing the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the mining industry, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of CSR initiatives towards the development of diamond mining communities in Sierra Leone. It utilizes a CSR framework that encompasses a social license to operate (SLO), accountability and community engagement. Household survey, key informant interviews, and secondary sources provided data for the study. The results indicate that the degree of effectiveness of the three dimensions of CSR towards meaningful development in the mining communities were generally low. The economic dimension of CSR was the highest (54%), followed by the social dimensions (48%), while environmental effectiveness was the lowest (27%). Lack of active community involvement in the planning and implementation of CSR programs and local political structures undermine the effectiveness of CSR initiatives in host communities. Moreover, the study reveals that extant CSR approaches are not the most optimal in ensuring meaningful development of mining communities as they are for the most part not community-driven. The study also demonstrates that even though the industrial mining company maintains its SLO through laudable ventures such as road maintenance, allowing women to engage in stone mining, and constructing a health care center, its recent handling of educational support was questionable. Furthermore, company-led development projects may not always be the priority needs of diverse groups within the host communities. The study calls for community-driven CSR in the true sense (including representatives of youth, women, elders, disabled, civil society) not just the views of powerful and influential traditional leaders.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn this editorial we present the content and key theoretical aspects of studies in the virtual special issue on resources melioration and the circular economy. Sustainability, resource melioration, and circular economy concepts that provide the foundation of these studies are described in this editorial. Important conceptual themes from the special issue studies are presented. Eleven included studies grouped into five categories are summarized. Major theoretical developments and the practical implications are summarized. Energy efficiency, material resource efficiency, circular economy models, decision and policy support are the key perspectives identified. Numerous practical policy and managerial implications are summarized. Overall, it would behoove policy makers and practitioners to adopt resources circularity for extracted resources, minerals, and mining, sectors, especially for emerging economies.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis paper examines the impact of non-OPEC oil supply on OPEC oil production level at different quantiles of the OPEC production empirical distribution. It employs the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lags (QARDL) model that allows to probe simultaneously short-term connections and long-run cointegrating relationships across a range of quantiles. The analysis is undertaken using monthly data from January 1993 to March 2020. The main findings show that the influence of non-OPEC production on OPEC production is symmetric in the long-run but quantile-dependent in the short-run. In the short-run OPEC production decreases significantly following an increase of non-OPEC production. However, in the long run, the increase in non-OPEC production causes OPEC production to rise. Furthermore, the results show that oil prices increase OPEC production in the long- and short-run. The potential policy implications for OPEC and non-OPEC oil production are discussed.
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