查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis paper investigates the impact of natural resources on conflict-capital flows relationship in 54 African economies over the 2010–2019 period. Applying econometric method of data analysis, the empirical estimation hinges on generalized method of moments, unit root tests, Kao cointegration test, cross-sectional dependence test, and quantile regression. The estimated results revealed the following. First, generalized method of moments revealed that conflict persistently decreases capital flow. Second, unit root test for both first-and-second generation affirmed stationarity. Third, Kao cointegration test revealed long-run relationship among the modelled variables. Fourth, tests for cross-sectional dependency revealed the existence of structural break and cross-sectional dependence of countries. Fifth, the quantile regression indicated that conflict decreases capital flows for all parts of the distribution, even when the initial degree of capital flows is at 25th percentile. Furthermore, the interaction term (i.e., interacting conflict with the natural resource) showed that natural resources are the reason for the inflow of capital into the Africa. In other words, conflict decreases capital flow into Africa when the level of natural resource extraction is low and vice versa. As such, there is a need to develop and implement policies aimed at increasing sources of capital inflow into the Africa's economy, such as domestic capital productivity, while decreasing all forms of conflict that can impede capital inflow. To avoid over-reliance on natural resources, policies should aim at creating a peaceful and conducive environment for foreign direct investment inflows to service sectors such as education, financial institutions and others. Thus, there is need to combat conflict in the continent.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdWith its leading contribution to GNP, prior position in funding the public budget, and a prominent share in the national exports, the oil sector contemporarily plays a substantial role in Saudi and Iran's economies. However, massive accumulated oil earnings, the lowest oil production costs, and a superior rank in the world's proven reserves, indicate the economic improvement potential. Accordingly, analyzing feasible improvement in these economies through amplifying the oil sector by measures that take to (1) the public budget components, (2) the oil revenues quotas, and (3) the composition of national imports and exports via a General Equilibrium procedure is the main goal of this research. Relatively upper growth potential with lower stability was revealed under more intensive linkages between Saudi Arabia's national economy and oil sector and its more in-depth mutual dependence on the global oil market (than Iran). Consequently, Saudi Arabia should suffice on slight permanent oil raises or (at the most) quite temporary, notable ones. On the contrary, persistent, (proportionally) notable oil rises are advised for Iran. Moreover, the fiscal expansions reinforce Saudi Arabia's oil-amplifying actions while making Iran's progress sluggish, especially in case of remarkable oil rises. Meanwhile, slight oil output rises could be provided by the existing spare capacities; productivity improvement, economic relationships reform, and rearranging oil revenue quotas will be required for further progress.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIt is widely accepted that the resource sector does not necessarily benefit the country at a national level. At a local level, the picture is different. Studies suggest that locally, at the district level, or in geographically close areas, mining can positively impact household livelihood. In this study, we show that mining positively affected the livelihood of provincial households in mining-producing provinces using the countrywide data from Mongolia. We identified mining-producing provinces using provinces’ mining production level, and based on this identification, we assessed the impact of mining at the provincial level. It should be noted that this effect is significant in producing provinces only and that mining activities do not necessarily improve the livelihood in all provinces.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn this paper, we examine the role of crude oil production and domestic oil consumption on the environmental quality in Africa. To achieve this objective, we employ feasible generalized least square (FGLS), fixed effect with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors (FE-DSE), and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) on 4 top economies and oil-producing African countries between 1990 and 2018. Consistent with the positive environmental externality theory, we found that crude oil production improves the environmental quality in the long-run and short-run. On the contrary, domestic oil consumption negatively affects the environment, only in the short-run. Furthermore, we found that environmental treaties strongly influence the impact of oil production and consumption on environmental quality. Therefore, we suggested that renewable energy sources should be embraced by promoting investment in renewable energy.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdCombining advanced quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression and causality-in-quantiles (QC) methods, we examine the asymmetric effects of non-ferrous metal price shocks on clean energy stocks at aggregate and sub-sector levels. From the aggregate perspective, the impact of non-ferrous metal price shocks is strongly negative for bull clean energy stock markets but is positive under bear circumstances. According to QC analysis, non-ferrous metal price shocks can effectively predict returns on clean energy stocks in some quantiles. Sub-sectors of clean energy stocks react differently, proving the heterogeneity of different industries. Synergistic movements between non-ferrous metal price shocks and some clean energy sectors in bear markets are detected, indicating that non-ferrous metals are not safe havens for clean energy stock markets under extreme market conditions. Furthermore, non-ferrous metals have a significantly stronger negative impact on clean energy stocks during the epidemic, demonstrating the structural changes effect of COVID-19.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe study aims to examine Ross's (2008) hypothesis providing new empirical evidence by considering the oil intensive country of Saudi Arabia. Using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test, we identified that oil production correlates negatively with female participation in the labour force, supporting Ross's argument that in countries rich in oil production there is a resulting lack of female representation in the labour force. Our results remain robust when using alternative measures of oil resources. In addition, by sector our empirical investigation shows that while oil wealth hinders female employment in the tradable sector (industry), it fosters female employment in the non-tradable sectors (services) of the Saudi economy. Thus, the findings suggest that the harmful impact of oil wealth on female employment in Saudi Arabia is more pronounced in the industry sector than in services. Great attention needs to be directed by government to adopt economic strategies that focus on developing manufacturing-based industries coupled with greater expansion in the services sector, apart from oil activities to create wider employment opportunities for females.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe simplistic model of the current concept of the circular economy seems to have serious application challenges when applied to the industrial use of mineral resources. Given the importance and characteristics of the waste that inevitably accompanies the production of metals and minerals, it is necessary to separate those that are generated during processing or concentration from those that inevitably accompany the extraction cycle in the mine without any mineral content. The latter are much larger in volume and have little chance of being reused under acceptable economic and environmental conditions. For this reason, valuation tools are needed to ensure the sustainability of the processes involved in the use of old mineral residues in contrast to the mining of primary minerals. Under this vision, this study analyses the situation for some recent Iberian mining developments.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdConsidering China's low energy efficiency as a dominant barrier in achieving sustainable development goals and environmental pollution control, the presented study is intended to evaluate the influencing factors of coal consumption inefficiency in the energy intensive industries of China. In addition, a decentralized policy at a disaggregate industrial level is required to achieve sustainable coal consumption and emission reduction. However, the existing literature lacks the paucity of inclusive and comprehensive research on the factors affecting coal inefficiency in energy intensive industries of China. Thus to bridge this gap, in the first stage, the epsilon-based measure (EBM) model was used to estimate the coal consumption efficiency and energy conservation potentials, and a second stage regression analysis was also applied to evaluate the factors of coal consumption inefficiency by adopting the Tobit censored and truncated regression models. The empirical findings of the study indices that the energy structure, the industrial structure, and the scale of enterprises are the driving elements of coal consumption inefficiency. Simultaneously, the technological progress and the degree of openness have led to a decrease in coal use inefficiency. The present research suggests diverse policy recommendations to improve coal consumption efficiency and carbon emission reductions at the aggregate and disaggregate industrial level.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Green finance has recently begun to receive increased significance in environmental and business studies due to its importance in combating climate change and the production of excessive greenhouse gases. China is a highly industrial country that is indexed high on the production of pollution. trade openness of this country is also a major contributor to its increased levels of industrialization and pollution. it is believed that if appropriate measures of trade openness are carried out to regulate the flow and trade of natural resources between countries, and by the application of the green finance theories, the level of harmful environmental footprints can be reduced and the and the overall environmental quality and sustainability can be enhanced. Hence, in this paper, u sing a vector autoregression (VAR) model, based on data from 1981 to 2020, this study found that that trade openness and green finance levels are dependent on the use of natural resources significantly. Moreover, it is found that the use of coal and oil has strong negative impacts on green finance implying that the use of coal, oil, and such pollution-causing fuels can lower green finance. Similarly, it was found that gas and oil consumption were strong predictors of trade openness in the country. It is suggested that the use of gas should be increased as it produces the least pollution and can lead trade towards a more sustainable direction.
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