查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdValue evaluation of mining right is an important driving force to realize the optimal allocation of resources and to promote the sustainable development of the mining economy, but the relevant theoretical methods are not yet perfect. The existing Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method has the problems of ignoring uncertainty and decision-making rigidity in the evaluation of mining right, while the real option method is a suitable management method for solving large uncertainties and improving decision-making flexibility. In this paper, by establishing a value evaluation model of mining right based on fuzzy real options and combining empirical research, the evaluation results are optimized into a long-term option interval that takes into account the characteristics of the mining cycle of mineral resources. The range includes the evaluation value of DCF method, and also is more concentrated than short mining cycle of mineral resources that ignores the interval range of long-term options, which verifies the feasibility of the model empirically. The model is not only conducive to managers’ flexible decision-making activities, but also to theoretically solving the shortcomings of the existing DCF method in the assessment of the use of mining right as well, thus making the assessment results fairer and more rigorous with its strong operability and applicability. The model enriches and develops theoretical methods for evaluating the value of mining right.
maleki S.Zamani Ahmad Mahmoudi M.Knez D.Mostafaei K....
8页
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis research was conducted to predict the financial perspective of Helichal granite mine using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for an exploitation duration of thirty years. The Helichal granite mine is located in Mazandaran province, Iran, and it is currently being exploited through the open-pit mining technique. For the conduction of this research, initially, the financial data related to the exploitation operations in the previous ten years was collated. Then, two variables including the annual production and sale price were determined as the uncertain parameters. Afterward, one hundred simulations of net present value (NPV) were created using Monte Carlo technique. From those simulations, seventy records were adopted to train the SVM model, and the rest (thirty records) were used as the test data. Therefore, thirty NPVs were predicted through the created SVM model. All of the predicted NVPs confirmed that the mining activity is profitable for the relevant thirty years. Furthermore, those NPVs were compared with the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations to validate the accuracy of the results obtained from the SVM model. The results indicated a close correlation of determination equal to 96% between the SVM-predicted NPVs, and the Monte Carlo-simulated NPVs. Hence, it was concluded that the SVM approach is highly reliable to anticipate the financial profitability of mining projects as well as other identical industrial plans.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The Author(s)There are three questions explored in this paper: (i) To what extent does mining-induced displacement impact livelihood capital, (ii) To what extent does livelihood capital impact livelihood resilience outcomes, and (iii) what impact does coping behaviour have on the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood resilience? A sequential mixed exploratory method is employed to address these questions. The study's first phase includes 60 interviews and two focus group discussions, while 287 surveys were conducted in the second phase. Our hypothesis that coping behaviour moderates the relationship between livelihood capitals and livelihood resilience is explored with preliminary results from interviews and focus groups and confirmed with findings from the quantitative study. Based on the study's conceptual model, the results suggest that livelihood capitals positively affect livelihood resilience outcomes, while displacement limits them, except physical capital. However, the strength of these relationships depends on displaced people's coping behaviour. Finally, the implications of the results in terms of theory and practice are discussed.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022One of the policies taken by host countries to provide huge funds, and modern technical and managerial knowledge, and convey high risks of the exploitation and development of oil and gas reserves is cooperating with international oil and gas companies through different types of contracts. This study aimed at identifying the impact of all factors affecting oil and gas field development contracts, while considering all aspects in an integrated manner. As, System Dynamics (SD) can simultaneously demonstrate the combined effects of economic, legal, technical, technological, and social sections of a contract on the project objectives, and dynamically reflects the risks of parties in each type of contract over time, SD is used as a contribution in research method to not only examine the current system conditions but also to simulate the future conditions of the system under different scenarios while considering all factors simultaneously. The results revealed that from 5 defined scenarios, While Scenario 1 utilizing a concession agreement is considered as the most inappropriate one for national oil companies, Scenario 5 which utilizes a Service Contract (SC) is the most attractive one for the host countries. The results also show that scenario 3 benefiting from a production sharing contract offers a win-win situation for both parties and it facilitates productivity enhancement strategies for the host country.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe price movement of commodities in general and crude oil, in particular, are critical for both commodity-consuming and producing countries. The prime objective of this study is to examine the characteristic behavior of commodity futures and commodity index and the dynamic relationships between commodity index and commodity futures. The study first investigates the evolution of volatility of Bloomberg commodity index (BCOM) and WTI crude oil (CRUDE) prices at different time scales using Wavelet Power Spectrum Analysis. Second, the correlation and causality between BCOM and CRUDE are investigated using Wavelet Coherency and Phase Difference methodology. The average level volatility of BCOM and CRUDE is different at different time scales. Wavelet Coherence shows that they are correlated in medium to long term periods and not in the short term. Further, during the period of changed correlation structure over the study period, the causality structure between BCOM and CRUDE is also changed at different time scales. Therefore, policy measures to control prices should be different in the short term than in the medium to long term when both the prices are not correlated.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn this paper, we analyze the effects of tax changes on the declared profits of extractive firms. We consider a country that levies a profit tax and a royalty on the profits of extractive firms to maximize its tax revenues. Mining companies located in the country engage in overstating extractive costs to reduce their taxable income. We show that the higher taxes, the lower the declared profit. Then, we estimate the effect of the change of profit taxes and royalties on the extracting firms’ profit in African countries during the period spanning from 2007 to 2018. We employ the Mining Intelligence database to constitute an individual data panel of gold mines located in Sub-Saharan countries. Our empirical findings also suggest an inverse relationship between the tax rate change of the tax instruments and the declared profit of the firms. This link indicates that firms decide on how much profit to declare depending on the tax levels.
Macedo Coelho Y.C.D.de Medeiros P.S.Araujo Lucas F.C.Santos J.A....
10页
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdResearch involving environmental perception is effective to understand the interrelationships between man and the environment. This study evaluated the influence of seven sociodemographic factors of 154 residents of Ourém, Eastern Amazon, Brazil, on their perception of impacts caused by aggregate mining. Structured questionnaires, informal conversations and non-participant observation were used to collect information. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data was performed through non-parametric statistics, adopting significance at p < 0.05, and by the content analysis technique, respectively. It was observed that the population is dissatisfied with the impacts caused by mining companies in the municipality. The residents considered the impacts to the landscape as the most serious, followed by impacts to the air, water and health, while the economic and social advantages were perceived at the lower intensity level. Older people, individuals from rural areas, and people with no schooling were the ones who most perceived social benefits. The perception of impacts to the air, health and landscape was greater among older residents. Residents living far from mines pointed to a higher level of environmental satisfaction and noticed noise pollution and water disturbances with greater intensity. It is believed, therefore, that it is necessary that the government and the companies take the heterogeneity of attributes that constitute the topofilia of the subjects and the dynamics of the ecosystems into account to establish and to implement policies of conservation and progress based on sustainable development.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdHow are Quasi-rents different from Ricardian Rents? Do differences in institutions, rulers’ time horizons, and policies determine what type of rents predominate? Using the oil industry as a laboratory, this paper explicates the key differences between rent types and explores their mechanics, causes and consequences. Sometimes, the state generates oil rents through appropriation (Quasi-rents); or, the underlying basis of oil rents may be a lack of the diffusion of technology or knowhow that therefore allows some firms or oil fields to monopolize a cost advantage that translates into consistently greater economic profits than its rivals (Ricardian Rents). Most simply, rents may bespeak immutable geological features (Ricardian Rents) and have nothing to do with engineering prowess (also Ricardian Rents) or opportunistic holdup by shortsighted state authorities (Quasi-rents). This is similar to when a state with relatively short time horizons imposes price controls on any industry, making it impossible for economic actors to recover their long run costs. And this makes it more likely such weak states will continue to appropriate Quasi-rents across economic sectors, fueling underdevelopment. This helps explain why some oil rich countries are highly developed, including the United States, Canada, and Norway, while others are institutionally dysfunctional and poor, such as Venezuela and Iran.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Although the extractive industry has contributed to the socio-economic development of many African countries, it has also led to incidences of human rights violations in many rural communities. However, the use of an evidence-based approach to search, locate, explore and synthesize the literature systematically in order to understand the nature and pattern of human rights violations within the extractive industry remains limited. Consequently, this study employs the systematic review method to determine the nature and drivers of human rights abuses within the extractive industry in Africa. Of the 791 articles retrieved from the search of the databases, 58 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in evidence synthesis. Based on the thematic analysis conducted on the articles that met the inclusion criteria, we find that human rights abuses tend to be associated with the violation of economic, social, and cultural rights, tensions over land ownership, the loss of livelihood, and community marginalization. We conclude the study with some policy implications and suggest avenues for future research.
NSTL
Elsevier