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Structure and Infrastructure Engineering
Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Structure and Infrastructure Engineering

Taylor & Francis Ltd.

1573-2479

Structure and Infrastructure Engineering/Journal Structure and Infrastructure EngineeringEISCIISTPAHCI
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    Fire resistance of earthquake damaged reinforced concrete columns

    Wen BoZhang LuWu BoNiu Ditao...
    23页
    查看更多>>摘要：The post-earthquake fire (PEF) phenomenon occasionally causes more severe damage than the earthquake itself. In order to investigate the fire-resistance performance of concrete columns, the earthquake damage of concrete structure are defined into three types: cracks, spalling, and residual deformation by earthquake disaster data and seismic experiments. Next, earthquake-damaged models of RC columns are established based on these geometric characteristic parameters. Full-scale earthquake damaged column tests are performed to analyse the failure mode of components under high temperatures. The effects of the geometric characteristic parameters and mechanical performance parameters on the fire resistance of earthquake-damaged RC columns are calculated by ABAQUS. Finally, the damage reduction factors of PEF RC columns are used to evaluate the degradation of fire resistance. The quantitative relationships between PEF RC columns and undamaged columns are established based on the reduction factors. These relationships can provide a rapid assessment of the fire resistance and bearing capacity of earthquake-damaged structures.
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    • NSTL
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    Evidence on the value of information towards decision-makers

    Sousa HelderK?hler JochenCasas Joan R.
    2页
      原文链接:
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    A practical guide on the quantification of value of information gained by structural health monitoring and application to historic masonry structures

    Sykora MiroslavDiamantidis DimitrisMüller DominikSousa Helder...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Structural health monitoring (SHM) projects are mostly based on semi-empirical decisions, emphasising the importance of the structure and lacking a rational comparison of the benefits and costs. The present work offers guidance to overcome this, based on an objective framework using the quantification of the value of SHM in an engineering context. Firstly, procedures for practising engineers are outlined on the basis of the COST guidelines. Secondly, a case study, focused on the reliability of a historic masonry structure, demonstrates the optimisation of surveys based on non-destructive tests calibrated by destructive tests. Both the outlined procedures and case study are carefully prepared and in tune, so the reader can easily understand the feasibility of the framework. Decisions on the utilisation of SHM in practical applications can be effectively achieved based on the highest expected utility gained by SHM. For this, two scenarios are needed: (i) a scenario with at least one SHM strategy and (ii) a scenario without any SHM.
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    • NSTL
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    Value of additional traffic data in the context of bridge service-life management

    Skokandi? DominikMandi? Ivankovi? Ana
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：The assessment of existing road bridges as parts of infrastructure networks is required in consideration of their deterioration and age. Advanced monitoring and management tools are mainly used for landmark bridges while the decision making process for small to medium bridges, which constitute the majority of the bridge network, mainly relies on condition assessment based on experience and conservative analysis related to design codes. In the analysis of the load-carrying capacity of theses bridges, loads imposed by the passing traffic are predominant due to their variable nature and level of uncertainties. The research presented in this paper outlines the value of additional traffic data, collected with both traffic counters and Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) method in the scope of assessment procedures for these bridges. Adequate processing of collected traffic data is crucial for subsequent extrapolation of maximum load effects on a particular bridge over a certain period in time. By taking into account all related costs, the purpose of this paper is to prove the benefits of employing traffic load monitoring data in structural assessment and subsequent decision-making process in service life management of bridges.
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    • NSTL
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    The practical value of structural health information for time dependence in bridge maintenance

    Larsson Ivanov OskarBj?rnsson IvarHonfi DánielLeander John...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：For practical decisions on common recurring maintenance actions, the information from routine inspections form a decision basis for the bridge manager. It is often difficult to assess whether this information is sufficient for deciding on a repair action, or if more information is needed. For many bridges the information for supporting decisions may be limited, although those bridges cause large yearly maintenance costs for the society. The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to show how two different models for decision making based on Bayesian decision theory, a point-in-time decision model and a sequential updating decision model, can be used to improve the decision-making process for common maintenance decisions. The models use information from routine inspections and incorporates time dependent aspects such as material degradation and time value of money to improve the decision-making process. The focus is on presenting the methodology with a case study of a concrete bridge in Sweden where the edge beams may have to be replaced. Three assessment approaches are considered: (i) no assessment, (ii) desktop evaluation and (iii) measurements. The main finding is that sequential updating decision making will provide a higher benefit than a point-in-time decision, and thus give higher Value of Information. This value becomes even higher when the measurements are selected for the assessment. The results also show that the edge beams should be replaced. The general approach presented can be applicable to many decision scenarios related to maintenance of deteriorating structures.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
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    Utility analysis for SHM durations and service life extension of welds on steel bridge deck

    Long LijiaAlcover Isaac FarrerasTh?ns Sebastian
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Optimization of the duration of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) campaigns is rarely performed. This article provides a utility-based solution to posteriorly determine: i) optimal monitoring durations and ii) the extension of the service life of the welds on a steel bridge deck. The approach is illustrated with a case study focusing on remaining fatigue life estimation of the welds on the orthotropic steel deck of the Great Belt Bridge, in Denmark. The identification of the optimal monitoring duration and the decision about extending the service life of the welds are modelled by maximizing the expected benefits and minimizing the structural risks. The results are a parametric analysis, mainly on the effect of the target probability, benefit, cost of failure, cost of rehabilitation, cost of monitoring and discount rate on the posterior utilities of monitoring strategies and the choice of service life considering the risk variability and the costs and benefits models. The results show that the decision on short-term monitoring, i.e., 1?week every six months, is overall the most valued SHM strategy. In addition, it is found that the target probability is the most sensitive parameter affecting the optimal SHM durations and service life extension of the welds.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
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    Value of information of combinations of proof loading and pore pressure monitoring for flood defences

    van der Krogt Mark G.Klerk Wouter J.Kanning WimSchweckendiek Timo...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Spatial variability and limited measurements often result in low reliability estimates of geotechnical failure modes of dikes (i.e., earthen flood defences). Required dike reinforcements are usually not executed within a few years after inception, which enables efforts to improve reliability estimates by reducing uncertainty. Often decision makers are unclear on whether uncertainty reduction is worth investing, and which (combination of) methods yields the highest Value of Information (VoI). This paper presents a framework to assess the VoI of two uncertainty reduction methods (proof loading and pore pressure monitoring) for a case study of a typical river dike with an insufficiently stable inner slope, using a decision tree. In all cases, a positive VoI was found for at least one strategy consisting of a proof load test, monitoring or both. The optimal strategy of proof loading and monitoring has a VoI of 4.0?M€, being a reduction in total cost of 25% compared to a conventional dike reinforcement. It was also found that sometimes proof loading enhances the VoI of pore pressure monitoring, which demonstrates the benefits of jointly considering different methods in a single decision tree. The decision framework yields insight in total cost and VoI of risk reduction strategies, which enables decision makers to determine where proof loading and/or pore pressure monitoring are efficient, leading to more efficient flood defence asset management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
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    Value of strain-based structural health monitoring as decision support for heavy load access to bridges

    Khan Mohammad ShihabuddinCaprani ColinGhosh SiddharthaGhosh Jayadipta...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bridges are frequently subjected to permit loads. While deciding on permitting such loads, bridge owners usually adopt a tiered approach for structural analysis, assessment, and measurement. Under these complexities of decision-making, the owner can decide to adopt structural health monitoring (SHM) strategies in guiding the issuance of permits. A value of information (VoI) framework can be utilised by the owner to estimate the benefit of various SHM strategies. This study proposes a novel VoI framework which incorporates tiered assessments common in engineering practice. The proposed decision framework utilizes a generic approach to incorporate the successive tiers of measurement, analysis, and assessment. A real-world inspired case study of a reinforced concrete bridge pier crosshead subjected to high shear is used to demonstrate the proposed framework. Using a novel and practical tiered-assessment and multi-intervention option strategy, the potential monetary benefit of strain-based SHM strategies is quantified. It is found that the potential benefit of SHM is particularly high when high risks are involved. SHM is also found to be highly beneficial when slight changes in structural assessment could trigger different intervention actions by the stakeholder. The study also identifies the significant role that low-cost low-accuracy SHM strategies can play in decision guidance by providing adequate information for decision-making at a cheaper cost.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
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    The value of structural health monitoring in seismic emergency management of bridges

    Giordano Pier FrancescoLimongelli Maria Pina
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：The management of civil infrastructures in the aftermath of a seismic event is a concern for decision makers, which have to choose quickly among alternative actions with limited knowledge on the actual structural conditions. The availability of real time Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data on the asset might be particularly useful. However, SHM data are not collected for free, and the cost of the SHM system should be compared with its associated benefit. A powerful tool to estimate such benefit is the Value of Information (VoI) from Bayesian decision theory. This paper provides a methodology to compute the VoI of SHM for seismic emergency management of roadway bridges. This methodology can be used by decision makers before the installation of a seismic SHM system to quantify the cost benefit of doing so and thus optimize the allocation of economic resources. Results show that the VoI is high when the expected costs of the decision alternatives (such as ‘keep the bridge open’ or ‘close the bridge’) evaluated without the SHM information are comparable. In this condition, which is highly dependent on the seismic hazard and on emergency management costs at stake, the SHM information provides the maximum support to decision making.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
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    Value of information of a pro-active SHM-based tool supported by advanced FE models and Bayesian statistics towards efficiency in bridge management

    Sousa HelderCourage Wim
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：Bridges are critical components in the extensive European transportation network, most of them built as part of the post-World War II reconstruction effort. This means that society is facing the beginning of the end of their design life, showing the necessity of enhanced approaches, complementing visual inspections, to improve the efficiency in bridge management. Knowing in advance the Return on Investment (RoI), of such enhanced approaches, becomes appealing information for decision-makers. This work introduces a formulation for the quantification of the Value of Information (VoI, i.e. the RoI) of a pro-active Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) tool devoted to early damage detection. A comprehensive case study—the Lezíria Bridge—is used by benefiting from (i) an SHM system operating since construction, 2006, and an accurate FE model of the structure. The structural behaviour and sensors’ measurements for a set of likely damages are anticipated via the mentioned FE model. Based on this, it is shown that RoI can go up, approximately, between +11.7% and +13.1%. How these values were reached are explained from a pedagogical and comprehensive perspective, focussing on how to benefit effectively from the installed monitoring system in the future considering the inevitable ageing of the structure.
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    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis