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Environmental and experimental botany
Pergamon Press,
Environmental and experimental botany

Pergamon Press,

0098-8472

Environmental and experimental botany/Journal Environmental and experimental botanySCIISTP
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    Potential of ethylene in alleviating cold-induced volatile esters loss of 'Nanguo' pears by regulating the lipoxygenase pathway

    Yao, MiaomiaoZhou, XinJi, YongranLuo, Manli...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：The storage period of 'Nanguo' pears (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) can be effectively prolonged under lowtemperature conditions. However, long-term refrigeration leads to the deterioration of fruit flavor and aroma through the loss of compounds such as volatile esters, resulting in lower commodity value of the stored fruit. In this study, the loss of ester was noted in fruit under long-term storage, evidenced by the reduced variety of esters, lowered contents of critical esters, and reduced total ester contents. Ethylene production was significantly lower in cold-stored samples than in samples without storage or with short-term storage. Linear regression analysis indicated that the loss of volatile esters induced by cold storage was related to low ethylene production. Exogenous ethylene treatment relieved the loss of esters, increased the types and content of esters, and improved the activities of enzymes involved in ester biosynthesis. Further analysis showed that ethylene production was promoted and that expression levels of key genes involved in ethylene signal transduction, including PuERS1, PuEIN4, PuEIN2, PuEIN3, and PuERF1, were upregulated in ET-treated fruit. Hence, it was concluded that the aroma quality of cold-stored 'Nanguo' pears can be improved by ethylene treatment due to the induced enhancement of ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of stomatal morphology on leaf photosynthetic induction under fluctuating light across diploid and tetraploid rice

    Xiong, ZhuangXiong, DongliangCai, DetianWang, Wei...
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Polyploid plants are widely used in crop breeding for their superior performance in anatomical size and nutrient content. Photosynthesis is often affected by highly variable light conditions in the field. So far, few studies have been focused on the comparison of photosynthetic induction between tetraploid and diploid rice. Here, we for the first time compared the leaf photosynthetic induction and the underlying mechanism between tetraploid and diploid rice. After polyploidization, the plants displayed a larger size and lower density of stomata, which resulted in slower stomatal opening in response to a stepwise increase in light intensity. Further analysis indicated that stomatal opening, instead of biochemical processes, is the most important factor that contributes to the difference in photosynthetic induction between tetraploid and diploid rice. With lower stomatal conductance (g(s)), tetraploid rice displayed a lower intercellular CO2 concentration (C-i), and therefore lower photosynthetic efficiency during light induction. However, we observed a higher intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) in tetraploid rice than in diploid rice, which may contribute to the survival and growth of plants under water limiting conditions. This study highlights the function of stomata in regulating photosynthetic induction and water use efficiency under fluctuating light, which will help the improvement of crop photosynthetic efficiency in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The interactive effects of CO2 and water on the growth and physiology of the invasive alien vine Pereskia aculeata (Cactaceae): Implications for its future invasion and management

    Byrne, Marcus J.Venter, NicCowie, Blair W.Paterson, Iain D....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) is a primitive leafy cactus indigenous to Central and South America that has become a problematic invasive alien plant elsewhere in the world. In South Africa the plant invades established forests, clearings, thickets and plantations along the southern and eastern higher rainfall regions of the country. Pereskia aculeata is a woody vine (liana) that scrambles up existing vegetation competing for resources, often causing canopies to collapse under its weight. Similarly, to other invasive vines, mechanical and chemical control is challenging due to the plant growing intertwined with indigenous vegetation and therefore, biological control using specialist insect herbivores is considered essential for its management. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are expected to favour weeds, however this response is likely to be influenced by projected changes to rainfall patterns. Pereskia aculeata were grown from truncheons for five months at three CO2 concentrations: 250 (sub-ambient), 400 (ambient) and 600 (elevated) ppm under two watering regimes, reduced water (200 ml wk(-1)) and ambient-water (400 ml wk(-1)), to simulate two annual rainfall scenarios of similar to 520 mm (below present optimal) and similar to 1040 mm (present optimal), respectively. Elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) increased growth rates, biomass accumulation and reduced leaf nutritional quality (nitrogen content and C:N ratios), but only for ambient-water treatment plants. Nevertheless, higher photosynthetic rates under eCO(2) improved water use efficiency for both water treatments, which was greatest for the reduced-water treatment plants. Management of P. aculeata in South Africa is already extremely challenging and with rising atmospheric CO2, P. aculeata has the potential to become more problematic, particularly in optimal rainfall areas. Furthermore, with improvements in water use efficiency, P. aculeata has the potential to expand into lower rainfall areas, although it is unlikely to pose the same risk as those plants invading higher rainfall sites.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cloud cover disrupts the influence of the lunar cycle on the growth of peat moss Sphagnum riparium

    Mironov, Victor L.
    6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Moonlight is the connecting link between living processes and the lunar cycle, suggesting that its elimination can seriously weaken the biological effect of the lunar cycle. Cloud cover, especially its lower level, effectively absorbs moonlight under natural conditions. However, it is unclear how this process affects the sensitivity of plants to the lunar cycle. To address this, I analyzed the change in the growth response of the peat moss Sphagnum riparium Angstr. (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) to the illumination of the moon due a gradual increase in the low cloud cover. The data on the growth of this species were obtained as a result of extensive six-year monitoring carried out over the full growing season in the mires of Karelia (Russia). In total, 1081 days of the Sphagnum growing were covered, 161190 growth increment of shoots were measured and 1075 values of the Sphagnum growth rate were obtained. As a result, it was found that from certain values, low cloud cover disrupts the influence of the lunar cycle on the growth of S. riparium. Under clear and little cloudy sky conditions, the illumination of the moon most strongly inhibits the growth processes (r varies from 0.434 to 0.366; p < 0.001). With the cloud cover from about 40%, this inhibitory effect begins to dramatically weaken. With the cloud cover of about 60%, it reaches a significance level (r = 0.182; p = 0.01), and with a further increase in cloudiness it becomes insignificant. This finding confirms the influence of the lunar cycle on plants through variations in the moonlight and indicates that cloud cover can strongly control the plant response to the lunar cycle.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Cadmium adsorption in leaf cell walls prevents redistribution to silique in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Jm-1 and Kyo-0

    Xiao, YanLiu, DongLi, LiZhang, Zhenhua...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cadmium (Cd) redistribution from leaf to silique determined seed Cd content in Arabidopsis, but the control mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the Cd concentrations in the leaves, stems, and siliques of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) ecotype Jm-1 were higher than in the ecotype Kyo-0. The Cd concentrations in the leaves' cell walls (CW) were 39% lower in Jm-1 than in Kyo-0, while the concentrations in the CW of the stem and silique were 14% and 42% higher in Jm-1. The Cyclohexane Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (CDTA)-pectin and hemicellulose in Kyo-0 had higher Cd concentrations than those of Jm-1. The pectin methylesterase (PME) activity was 19% higher in Kyo-0 than in Jm-1, and the expression levels of PME1, PME2, PME12, and PME25 were upregulated in Kyo-0 after Cd treatment. In addition, the Cd and Fe concentrations in the phloem was 36% and 73% higher in Jm-1 than in Kyo-0 respectively. The expression of iron transport-related genes showed that only YSL3 and ZIP11 had significant differences between the two ecotypes after Cd treatment. Kyo-0 accumulated less Cd than Jm-1 in the silique, which may be because (1) the activity of PME that is mainly regulated by PME1, PME2, PME12, and PME25 was higher in Kyo-0 leaves, leading to more Cd chelation in the pectin of the CWs, and (2) the expression of YSL3 was 2 times lower in Kyo-0 leaves, which regulate the transport of Cd in the phloem, thus reducing the transport of Cd to the silique.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Physiological and transcriptomic insights into adaptive responses of Seriphidium transiliense seedlings to drought stress

    Liu, XiqiangChen, AipingWang, YuxiangJin, Guili...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Drought is the most challenging environmental stress factor for grassland ecosystems as the climate change. Seriphidium transiliense, a typical plant in the desert steppe, is widely distributed in northern Xinjiang Region of China. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic traits, physiological responses, and transcriptional changes in the leaves and roots of S. transiliense, exposed to different levels of drought stress. The morphology of the aboveground and underground portions of S. transiliense changed significantly under drought stress. Additionally, the antioxidants activity and content in leaves and roots increased dramatically. Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method, we performed a correlation analysis between physiological traits and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to characterize the key genes and regulatory pathways involved in drought resistance in S. transiliense. A total of 135 and 120 DEGs associated with drought resistance were identified in leaves and roots, respectively. These genes included 38 responsive transcription factors (TFs) belonging to WRKY, AP2/ERF, C2H2, bHLH, MYB, bZIP, NAC, LEA, MADS, and GRAS families that play critical roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, many receptor protein kinase encoding genes including CBL, CIPK, LRR-RLK, CRK, PI3K, CML, and PP2C involved in the stress signaling responses such as ABA signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Ca2+ signal transduction, were significantly upregulated under different levels of drought stresses. Moreover, more responsive genes participated in multiple carbohydrate metabolic pathways in roots. Our study provided new insights into the regulatory mechanism of the acclimation responses to drought stress in S. transiliense and suggested that these genes may be used in molecular breeding to develop new varieties tolerant to drought stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The gibberellin-deficient dwarf2 mutant of sunflower shows a high constitutive level of jasmonic and salicylic acids and an elevated energy dissipation capacity in well-watered and drought conditions

    Mariotti, LorenzoFambrini, MarcoPugliesi, ClaudioScartazza, Andrea...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Understanding the role of a low gibberellin (GA) level in counteracting water stress is crucial to improve crop productivity under future climate change scenarios. To date, there have been only a few studies on the physiological characterisation of severe dwarf mutants with deficient GA biosynthesis grown in soil subject to water shortage. Moreover, it is not yet clear whether already in well-watered conditions, the strong reduction in GA observed in these genotypes directly and/or indirectly affects photosynthetic performance, the content of stressrelated hormones and the expression of genes associated with chloroplast functions that could contribute to confer tolerance to subsequent stress events. The drought tolerance responses of the sunflower mutant dwarf2 (dw2), deficient in GAs, were studied in both detached leaves left to dehydrate and in potted plants by watering interruption. In the absence of stress, dw2 plants showed higher constitutive endogenous levels of salicylic and jasmonic acids compared with wild type (WT) plants, together with thicker and less expanded leaves, lower stomatal conductance, higher photochemistry activity of photosystem II and higher photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area. During water deprivation, dw2 plants maintained a better leaf water status and photosynthetic performance compared with WT plants, associated with a peculiar pattern of transcription for genes related to energy conversion processes. The drought tolerance of dw2 plants appeared to be related to the combination of several structural, photosynthetic and hormonal features together with the up-regulation of genes encoding proteins related to Rubisco subunits and photosystem II repair cycle, avoiding photoinhibition and photodamages to the photosynthetic apparatus.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A CBL-interacting protein kinase, AcCIPK18, from Ananas comosus regulates tolerance to salt, drought, heat stress and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection in Arabidopsis

    Aslam, MohammadFakher, BeenishGreaves, Joseph G.Jakada, Bello Hassan...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：In plants, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting kinase, CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), perform essential roles in mediating responses to various extracellular cues, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Several CIPK genes have been functionally characterized in different plant species. However, to date, the functions of pineapple CIPKs have not been investigated, which limits their potential use in molecular breeding. Here we functionally characterized an AcCIPK18 of pineapple and verified its role in salt, drought, heat stresses and immunity. Bioinformatics studies and phylogenetic analysis showed that AcCIPK18 is homologous to CIPK6 of Arabidopsis. Expression analysis shows that AcCIPK18 gets induced by salt, osmotic, heat and ABA. Besides, the ectopic expression of AcCIPK18 increased tolerance to salt, drought and heat stress but displayed sensitivity against fungal infection in Arabidopsis. We found that overexpression of AcCIPK18 changes the ROS homeostasis by altering the expression of several ABA signaling genes. These results provide evidence for the involvement of AcCIPK18 in multiple stress responses and advocates that AcCIPK18 could be used as a potential candidate gene for improving tolerance against multiple abiotic stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The success of an invasive Poaceae explained by drought resilience but not by higher competitive ability

    Silveira, Arcio JosePetsch, Danielle KatharineMormul, Roger PauloThomaz, Sidinei Magela...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Invasions are occurring very rapidly and they may be enhanced by alterations associated with climate change. Environments exposed to stronger droughts (supposed to occur in some regions in response to climate change) may become more susceptible to the invasion of certain species of plants. We experimentally measured the recovery of a native (Hymenachne pernambucensis) and a non-native invasive (Urochloa arrecta) macrophyte to extreme drought, and we evaluated whether the interspecific competition is affected by the drought stress or not. We found that the invasive species recovered biomass from drought more efficiently than the native species when they grew in monocultures. In contrast, the data of aboveground biomass showed that the invasive species was more negatively affected by interspecific competition than the native one. These results indicate that the invasive species is more resilient to droughts than the native, but the native species has a greater competitive ability than the invasive. Thus, the high dominance of U. arrecta observed in several aquatic ecosystems can be explained by its resilience to drought disturbances. Our findings also demonstrate the importance of biotic resistance since the invasive species does not grow well in the presence of native neighbors.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The calcium sensor CBL10 negatively regulates plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and alkaline stress response in Arabidopsis

    Xie, QingYang, YingWang, YuPan, Chengcai...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase (AHA) provides energy to some important physiological and biochemical processes in plant cells, playing a key role in plant growth and development. Here, we found that the growth and PM H+-ATPase activity of the Arabidopsis cbl10 mutant was lower than the wild-type plant (WT) under salinity stress, suggesting that the calcineurin B-like protein 10 (CBL10) might be involved in the regulation of AHA. In contrast, cbl10 grew better than WT when exposure to external higher pH stress, and the growth of cbl10 plant expressing CBL10 gene was similar as WT under external high pH. Under alkaline conditions, the proton influx rate of cbl10 mutant was slower than that of WT, and the pH in the plate area where cbl10 mutant grew was lower compared to WT plates. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays showed that CBL10 bound to the C-terminus of AtAHA4 or AtAHA11, such that the growth of yeast cells coexpressing CBL10 and AHA4/AHA11 was worse than transgenic cells with a single AHA4 or AHA11. This suggests that CBL10 negatively regulates PM H+-ATPase activity by directly interacting with AtAHA4 or AtAHA11, which decreases the ability of Arabidopsis to adapt to alkaline environment. Overall, this study indicates that CBL10 may function as an interconnecting regulator to coordinate plant responses to saline and alkaline stresses.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier