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Environmental and experimental botany
Pergamon Press,
Environmental and experimental botany

Pergamon Press,

0098-8472

Environmental and experimental botany/Journal Environmental and experimental botanySCIISTP
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    Phenotypic plasticity and nutritional quality of three kale cultivars (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) under field, greenhouse, and growth chamber environments

    Ashenafi E.L.Nyman M.C.Holley J.M.Mattson N.S....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of three kale cultivars (‘Toscano’, ‘Redbor’, and ‘Winterbor’) in different agricultural systems was performed. High biomass yield was observed in the plants grown in the field and greenhouse systems likely due to the higher light intensity (sunlight) and lower planting density during growth. The highest relative growth rate was observed in the field for ‘Redbor’ (104 mg g-1 d-1) and ‘Winterbor’ kale (115 mg g-1 d-1), while the highest growth rate for ‘Toscano’ kale was found in the greenhouse system (109 mg g-1 d-1). For all three cultivars, the smallest growth rate (72 – 78 mg g-1 d-1) and leaves with the highest specific-leaf area (295 – 378 cm2 g-1) were observed in the growth chamber environment. However, the highest concentration of phytochemicals (lutein, violaxanthin, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b) was detected in kale leaves from the growth chamber. The macular pigment, zeaxanthin, was detected in leaf samples harvested from the field and greenhouse grown kale primarily during high light conditions (PPFD > 1000 μmol m-2 s-1). Based on interaction study, cultivar type (genotype), growth stage at harvest, and farming system were identified as primary factors that determine nutritional quality in kale.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Provenance-specific photosynthetic and physiological sensitivity of Robinia pseudoacacia L.-rhizobia association to low phosphorus availability

    Zhou M.Liu Z.Sun H.Hu B....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In terrestrial ecosystems, the mechanisms that allow plants to adapted to low P availability are largely not understood, particularly for woody legume woody. Here, we investigated the responses of rhizobia inoculation and low phosphorus (P) availability on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) from different geographic origins of China. For this purpose, black locust seedlings from two provenances with distinct climatic and soil background, i.e., the Gansu Province (GS) of Northwest China and the Dongbei region (DB) of Northeast China, were exposed to sufficient (0.5 mM) and low P availability (0.5 μM) with and without rhizobia inoculation in a greenhouse for two months. The rhizobia strain used for inoculation was obtained from a black locust forest stand of 50-years-old in the Shandong Province of East China. CO2 and H2O gas exchange parameters as well as foliar physiological traits were measured. Our results indicated significantly different provenance-specific responses to inoculation and low P availability. Compared to sufficient P supply, inoculated DB Robinia showed a 57.6% decrease in whole plant biomass and a 49.2% decrease in the number of nodules at low P supply. However, low P availability had no effects on biomass accumulation of GS Robinia and increased its nodule formation by 240%. Still, gas exchange parameters and foliar physiological traits of GS Robinia plants were more responsive to low P supply than in DB plants. When inoculated with rhizobia at low P treatment, Robinia plants seem to use P preferentially for nodule production, thus weakening photosynthesis (86%) and reducing total biomass (58%) compared to non-inoculated plants. From these results it is concluded that GS Robinia may constitute a feasible candidate provenance for future afforestation programs of vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems. However, long-term systemic studies are needed in future to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of its adaption to low P availability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    How are leaf carbon- and water-related traits coordinated acclimation to elevated CO2 by its anatomy? A case study in tomato

    Du B.Ding R.Yang X.Du T....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022A fundamental behavior for plants will be to minimize transpirational water loss whilst maximize photosynthesis in order to acclimate complex growth conditions. However, elevated CO2 is expected to result in photosynthesis acclimation, the primary limitations and mechanisms underlying the concerted changes of leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance are not fully understood. To test the acclimation of photosynthetic carbon gain and transpirational water loss to elevated CO2 concentration, we conducted a study in cherry tomatoes grown under two CO2 levels with different water and fertilizer management. Leaf anatomical traits associated with photosynthesis and hydraulics were also measured. Tomato plants showed greater photosynthesis and lower hydraulic conductance under high CO2 conditions. However, as durative high concentration of CO2 injection, photosynthetic rate and hydraulic conductance significantly decreased in both high- and low-water treatments, yet the decrease could be mitigated by conducting fertilizer. Further quantitative analysis showed that mesophyll limitation (ML) and outside-xylem hydraulic resistance (Rox) were the major contributors to photosynthetic and hydraulic acclimation under durative elevated CO2 exposure. High water and fertilization treatments decreased the ML and Rox, which supported the higher photosynthetic rate and hydraulic conductance of plants grown under extended elevated CO2 condition. The acclimation to durative elevated CO2 concentration is partly attributed to the modification of leaf anatomy. The lower leaf vein length per area (VLA) or the mesophyll cell to cell connectivity (fcm) which supported lower water transport conductivity of xylem and outside-xylem in elevated CO2 and low-water treatments. Additionally, a reduction of mesophyll (Sm) and/or chloroplast (Sc) surface area adjacent to intercellular space in CO2 gas-phase paths with the time of high CO2 injection was also observed, which may responsible for lower gm, thus photosynthesis acclimation. Coordination of leaf photosynthesis and hydraulics was changed under durative elevated CO2 condition. Only gm and Kox, the main contributor of photosynthesis and hydraulics, existed a coordinated relationship by modifying their common structural basis, as the volume fraction of the intercellular air space (fias) and mesophyll surface area adjacent to intercellular space (Sm). These results will be helpful for better understanding of plants acclimate to future CO2 enriched condition and are of significance to agricultural management.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The presence of salts in the leaf exudate improves the photosynthetic performance of a recreto-halophyte, Tamarix chinensis

    Hussain T.Li J.Feng X.Liu X....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The influence of Tamarix chinensis on its immediate environment and soil health has not been explored, particularly with respect to diurnal and seasonal variations. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: 1. Determine the physiological relevance of excreted salts in improving plant carbon fixation properties, and 2. Investigate the relationship between functional plant traits and environmental variability. A field grown population of T. chinensis was, therefore, studied to characterize its life strategies. Results indicated the presence of excreted salts on leaves enhanced photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Though the extent of nocturnal transpiration was always higher than in the daytime in both washed and unwashed leaves, the unwashed leaves conserved water more efficiently. Precipitation during the period of rapid plant growth alleviated soil salinity and enhanced the availability of essential nutrients. Low temperature and increased soil salinity marked the end of the plant's growth season. Plant's selective secretion, i.e., increased excretion of toxic ions, was insufficient to restrict ion toxicity resulting in declined plant growth. A consistent soil C:N ratio indicated the maintenance of soil resilience in the presence of test species. Our data suggest that T. chinensis influences species diversity positively by improving soil and atmospheric properties.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    CmSCL4 and CmR1MYB1 synergistically enhance the drought tolerance by regulation of ABA signaling in chrysanthemum

    Guan Z.Liao Y.Chen F.Wang Z....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.With water shortage worldwide, seeking drought resistance genes are of great value for molecular breeding. Here, we isolated a homologous AtSCL4/7 subfamily gene of GRAS transcription factor family from chrysanthemum and designated it as CmSCL4. CmSCL4 was responded to 20% PEG6000 treatment and its heterologous expression improved drought tolerance by up-regulating ABA signaling genes AtABI3 and AtABI4 in Arabidopsis. Moreover, the cotyledon greening rate, early seedling development and stomatal aperture of transgenic Arabidopsis are hypersensitivity to external ABA treatment. Meanwhile, overexpression and chimeric repression of CmSCL4 in chrysanthemum also conferred the increased or decreased drought tolerance and corresponding changes of the expression of CmABI4. Yeast two-hybrid screening of the cDNA library of chrysanthemum by CmSCL4 identified a MYB transcription factor as an important candidate partner, which was named as CmR1MYB1 hereafter. The interaction between CmSCL4 and CmR1MYB1 was further verified by in vitro pull-down, in vivo BiFC and Co-IP assays. CmR1MYB1 and CmSCL4 had similar expression patterns under 20% PEG6000 treatment. Heterologous expression of CmR1MYB1 in Arabidopsis also facilitated the expression levels of AtABI3 and AtABI4, resulted in the improved drought tolerance. These results demonstrated that CmSCL4 cooperates with CmR1MYB1 to modulate the dehydration tolerance of chrysanthemum, at least partially through the regulation of ABA-responsive genes.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Drought rearranges preferential carbon allocation to arbuscular mycorrhizal community members co-inhabiting roots of Medicago truncatula

    Forczek S.T.Bukovska P.Puschel D.Jansa J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish symbiosis with majority of plant species, supporting their abiotic and biotic stress tolerances, and receiving reduced carbon in return. However, how and why plants control the composition of their associated mycorrhizal communities remains largely unknown. Our aim was to analyze the consequences of abrupt changes in environmental conditions such as light intensity or water supply on carbon allocation from plant (Medicago truncatula) to different AM fungal species coexisting in plant roots, employing 13C labeling and tracing. Significant differences were detected in the composition of synthetic communities of AM fungi just ten days after the environmental change induction. Under simulated drought, plants preferentially allocated their carbon to Funneliformis mosseae to the detriment of Claroideoglomus claroideum. Compared to drought, shading did not lead to a significant rearrangement of carbon fluxes from plants to the different AM fungi. Our observations strongly suggest that plants actively promote, through preferential allocation of their carbon, specific AM fungal symbionts in their roots depending on environmental conditions. Yet, it still needs to be elucidated which fungal traits are playing a role in this process, how are the different symbionts recognized, and which molecular mechanisms are involved in such preferential carbon routing.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    CsbZIP50 binds to the G-box/ABRE motif in CsRD29A promoter to enhance drought tolerance in cucumber

    Li Y.Xian X.Guo L.Zhang J....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a high water-demanding and drought-susceptible vegetable crop. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) have been linked to drought stress response in plants. Here we characterized a G subfamily gene in cucumber, CsbZIP50, which was strongly induced by drought stress and an exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Under drought stress, CsbZIP50-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced drought tolerance compared with wild-type plants, as indicated by the higher antioxidant enzyme activities but lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde contents. In addition, overexpression of CsbZIP50 enhanced cucumber's sensitivity to exogenously applied ABA, and up-regulated the expression of its stress-related genes. Moreover, we found that CsbZIP50 activated CsRD29 expression by directly binding to the G-box/ABRE cis-acting element in its promoter, both in vitro and in vivo. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging, and pull-down assays showed that CsbZIP50 physically interacted with two IQ domain-containing proteins, CsIQD1 and CsIQD4, both of which promoted the ability of CsbZIP50 to activate the expression of CsRD29. Taken together, our results show that CsbZIP50 enhances drought stress tolerance in cucumber by regulating drought-responsive gene expression and ROS levels.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Abscisic acid signaling and crosstalk with phytohormones in regulation of environmental stress responses

    Parwez R.Aftab T.Naeem M.Gill S.S....
    20页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Frequently changing environmental conditions pose unwarranted threat to plants life and impose serious penalties in terms of arrested growth, metabolism and ultimately the yield. Being rooted, plants cannot avoid the stresses but equipped well to survive and produce. Among the stress modulatory responses, an isoprenoid phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) proved its significance by regulating the growth, development and stress responses as a signaling mediator. Abscisic acid also controls various physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in plants under non-stress conditions. It regulates seed dormancy, stomatal closure, leaf abscission, senescence, fruit ripening, legume-Rhizobium symbiosis and a number of stress related functions. In stressful conditions, ABA perception and signaling controls downstream responses at transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. The present review discusses ABA homeostasis, its perception and signaling along with physiological and molecular responses of ABA under critical conditions including drought, heavy metal, salinity, and temperature stress is specified. The recent molecular diagnostics reported through high throughput technologies reveal the role of ABA in regulation of different physiological mechanisms through integration of environmental cues via its positive and negative crosstalks with other phytohormones (like auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, strigolactones, and melatonin) and potent chemical messengers like polyamines, sugars, NO and H2S mediated by several receptors, transporters, bZIP TFs and regulatory proteins has also been focused in detail. Data availability: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, (Author name), upon request.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    C2H2-type zinc finger OsZFP15 accelerates seed germination and confers salinity and drought tolerance of rice seedling through ABA catabolism

    Liu H.Chen R.Zhu J.Jia X....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Environmental factors and plant hormones are major players in seed germination. Abscisic acid (ABA) not only delays seed germination but also acts as a central regulator in plant growth, development and response to stress conditions. In this study, a rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein, OsZFP15, was screened by microarray and characterized. RT-qPCR and GUS staining assays revealed that OsZFP15 was significantly induced by ABA and multiple abiotic stresses. Subcellular localization assay indicated that OsZFP15 protein was located in the nucleus of rice protoplast. Overexpression of OsZFP15 reduced the sensitivity to ABA and down-regulated transcript levels of ABA-responsive genes including LEA3 and LIP9, but increased transcript level of OsABA8ox2, suggesting that OsZFP15 is a positive regulator of ABA catabolism. Additionally, overexpression of OsZFP15 in rice enhanced ABA catabolism and thus accelerated seed germination. We further investigated the role of OsZFP15 in abiotic stress response. Overexpression of OsZFP15 promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and accordingly reduced the tolerance to oxidative stress. Conversely, improvements in salinity and drought tolerance were observed in OsZFP15 overexpression plants.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Differential role of Capsicum annuum FANTASTIC FOUR-like gene CaFAF1 on drought and salt stress responses

    Lim C.W.Bae Y.Lee S.C.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.As sessile organisms, plants are potentially susceptible to diverse environmental stresses, including drought, salt, and extreme temperatures. To adapt and survive under these adverse conditions, plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms. Here, we isolated the FANTASTIC FOUR-like gene CaFAF1 (Capsicum annuum Fantastic Four 1) from pepper and functionally characterized this gene with respect to its responses to drought and salt stresses. We found that CaFAF1 expression was relatively abundant in all examined pepper tissues and was significantly induced by drought and salt stress. Compared with control plants, CaFAF1-silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced drought tolerance, accompanied by a high expression of stress-related genes and enhanced abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure. In contrast, CaFAF1-silenced pepper plants were sensitive to salt stress, with high electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. CaFAF1 overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in a phenotype that is the opposite of that after CaFAF1 silencing in pepper. A cell-free degradation assay using leaf crude extracts from drought- or salt-stressed pepper plants revealed that CaFAF1 degradation was promoted by drought and delayed by salt stress. Thus, we suggest that CaFAF1 plays negative and positive roles in response to drought and salt stresses, respectively, possibly via modulation of its protein stability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier