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Environmental and experimental botany
Pergamon Press,
Environmental and experimental botany

Pergamon Press,

0098-8472

Environmental and experimental botany/Journal Environmental and experimental botanySCIISTP
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    Vapour pressure deficit and endogenous ABA level modulate stomatal responses of tomato plants to soil water deficit

    Li S.Liu F.
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsHigh vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in the air and water deficits in the soil are considered two key stress factors limiting crop growth and production. To explore their interactive effects on stomatal behaviour and plant water use and the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in mediating these responses, two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca), were grown at two VPD levels (VPD1, 0.71 kPa and VPD2, 1.25 kPa) and were exposed to progressive soil drying. The results showed that the relatively higher VPD, i.e. VPD2, decreased stomatal conductance only in AC, and increased transpiration rate and water consumption in both genotypes, which was associated with altered stomatal morphological traits, including lowered stomatal density, reduced stomatal size and pore aperture. During progressive soil drying, both AC and flacca grown at VPD2 closed stomata earlier than VPD1-plants with a low leaf ABA concentration, indicating that rising VPD advanced stomatal drought response in an ABA-independent way. At the end of soil drying, the stomata of VPD1-AC plants remained widely opened resulting in fast desiccation of the leaves excised from the plants upon exposure to VPD2, which implied an interaction of VPD and ABA in mediating short-term stomatal response. VPD2 increased the intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) in AC plants but decreased the whole-leaf and plant WUE in both genotypes, as affirmed by the corresponding changes in leaf δ13C and δ 18O. Compared to δ 18O, δ13C was a more robust indicator of stomatal movement when plants were exposed to combined atmospheric and soil droughts. Collectively, these findings provide some novel insights into the stomatal regulation of tomato plants confronting combined atmospheric and edaphic droughts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Loss of GSNOR increases abiotic stress sensitivity via regulating MAPK-ethylene cascade signaling in Solanum lycopersicum L.

    Zhang X.Shi Q.Gong B.Du H....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Nitric oxide (NO), as a redox molecule, played important role in plant response to environmental stress. Here, we found that loss of tomato S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (SlGSNOR), a critical regulator of NO balance, led to global sensitivity to heat, salt, bicarbonate, and paraquat stresses in tomato, suggesting that SlGSNOR was a positive regulator in tomato against abiotic stresses. In addition, under these stresses, loss of SlGSNOR induced excessive NO accumulation in the roots of the transgenic plant. Bicarbonate accumulation has been a limiting factor of tomato production in the north of China, and there were less reports on the regulation of bicarbonate stress compared with other abiotic stress, therefore, in the following experiment, the mechanism of SlGSNOR function focused on investigating bicarbonate tolerance. Proteomes data indicated that loss of SlGSNOR triggered the expression of proteins in MAPK and ethylene signaling pathway under bicarbonate condition. Importantly, loss of SlGSNOR increased ethylene emission under bicarbonate condition, meaning that ethylene signaling participated in SlGSNOR-mediated tomato bicarbonate stress tolerance. Interestingly, under bicarbonate stress, silencing SlMAPK3 or SlACO1 in SlGSNOR-RNAi tomato partially compromised the sensitivity and ethylene emission. Mechanistically, under bicarbonate stress, silencing SlMAPK3 in SlGSNOR-RNAi tomato plants suppressed the transcription of SlACO1, whereas silencing SlACO1 in SlGSNOR-RNAi tomato activated the transcription of SlMAPK3. Collectively, these data demonstrated that SlGSNOR-mediated tomato abiotic stress tolerance was depended on SlMAPK3-SlACO1 cascade signaling, largely. In addition, the incorporation of global abiotic stress tolerance traits into crop plants may succeed by manipulating GSNOR expression.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    VrNramp5 is responsible for cadmium and manganese uptake in Vigna radiata roots

    Peng K.Liu Y.Peng Y.Liu X....
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.As a non-essential mineral, Cadmium inhibits the growth and development of plants. A cultivar (Sulu, SL as wild type) of mungbean is more sensitive to Cd toxicity than its mutant line (20#). However, there is little information about the underlying mechanism. In this study, mutant line (20#) of mungbean exhibited lower Cd accumulation than wild type SL based on the time-course and dose-dependent Cd content in mungbean roots. Meanwhile, compared to 20# roots, the root tips of SL possess a higher capacity for transient Cd influx during exposure to Cd alone or co-treatment with Cd and manganese (Mn). Cd exposure reduced Mn contents of roots in both SL and 20#. Likewise, the addition of Mn in solution or in Cd-polluted soils inhibited Cd uptake in roots. Such reciprocal inhibition shows that Cd competes with Mn for uptake in roots of mungbean. Comparative transcriptomic of roots in SL and 20# were analyzed by Illumina sequencing to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of competitive uptake between Cd and Mn for mungbean. The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that 28 metal transporters genes showed the log 2 fold changes under Cd stress, including ABC, ZIP, CAX, CCX, MTP, and Nramp family members. Expression abundance of VrABCC15–1 and VrZIP8 genes were significant up-regulated, and VrNramp5 was down-regulated in roots of mungbean under Cd stress. Thus, the three genes were complementarily expressed in Cd sensitive yeast (Δycf1). Expression of VrNramp5 resulted in hypersensitivity to excess Cd owing to the increment of Cd uptake in yeasts during exposure to Cd, but not by VrABCC15–1 or VrZIP8. Expressing-VrNramp5-SL or -VrNramp5–20# yeasts also accumulate higher Mn than that of the expressing-empty vector yeasts. The findings of this study demonstrated that the differences of Cd accumulation between SL and 20# was due to Cd uptake differences, and VrNramp5 is involved in Mn and Cd uptake in mungbean roots.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Melatonin enhances the low-temperature combined low-light tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings by regulating photosynthesis, carotenoid, and hormone metabolism

    Li J.Ding D.Li N.Xie J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Low temperature combined with low light (LL) is severe abiotic stress to plant growth and yield. However, little is known about the physiological mechanisms of the melatonin (MT) involved in the adaptation of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to LL. In this study, pepper seedlings subjected to LL stress (15 ℃/5 ℃, 100 μmol photons m?2 s?1) were pre-sprayed with 200 μmol L?1 MT to investigate the protective role of MT in photosynthesis, carotenoid metabolism, as well as hormones of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling. Our results indicated that the application of exogenous MT reduced the negative effect on plant growth inhibition of pepper seedlings caused by LL stress, significantly increased chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic capacity as result of improved photosynthesis rate, upregulated the relative expressions of PSΠ reaction center proteins genes (CaPsb A, CaPsb B, CaPsb C, and CaPsb S), reduced NPQ, 1-qP, and qN, as well as increased Fv/Fm, qP, Y(Ⅱ), and electron transport rate (ETR) after 7 days. In addition, MT significantly enhanced abscisic acid metabolism and biosynthesis of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin 3, and zeatin-type cytokinins after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 168 h. Markedly, MT increased the contents of zeaxanthin, which is induced by the down-regulation of CaZEP, by 149.55%. Our findings confirmed the mitigating potential of MT application for LL stress by maintaining plant growth, improving the photosynthetic characteristics, regulating carotenoids, and hormone metabolism.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses provide insight into abiotic stress crosstalks in bermudagrass

    Wang Y.Chan Z.Ye T.Fang Z....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Bermudagrass is a widely used warm-season turfgrass species with superior stress tolerance. Due to limited genome information, detailed stress response mechanisms of bermudagrass were not extensively characterized. In this study, we compared transcriptomic and proteomic level changes of bermudagrass after treatments with drought, salt and submergence. The results showed that 31.9–61.4% unigenes were commonly changed by drought, salt and submergence. GO terms including electron transport or energy pathways, response to abiotic or biotic stimulus and response to stress were enriched by stress treatments using both RNA seq and i-TRAQ. Pathways including photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, redox, N-metabolism, and glycolysis were also overrepresented after drought, salt and submergence treatments using both strategies. A great portion of unigenes involved in ABA pathway were activated whereas those related to IAA pathway were repressed. ABA responsive bZIP type TF CdABF2 was induced by drought and salt. Ectopic overexpression of CdABF2 increased ABA sensitivity and improved tolerance to osmotic and salt stress at germination stage in Arabidopsis. These results provided evidence to understand abiotic stress regulatory mechanisms and stress crosstalk in bermudagrass.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genome-wide analysis of MdABF Subfamily and functional identification of MdABF1 in drought tolerance in apple

    Rui L.Yang Y.-Y.Zheng P.-F.Wang C.-K....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone involved in plant growth and adaptation to environmental stress. Abscisic acid-responsive elements (ABRE)-binding transcription factors (ABFs) are important transcription factors involved in the ABA signaling pathway that participate in various biological processes in plants. The functions of ABF members are largely unknown in Malus domestica. In this study, sixteen Malus domestica ABF (MdABF) family members were identified in the apple (Malus × domestica) genome. The phylogenetic tree, chromosomal locations, promoter region cis-acting elements, gene structures, and conserved motifs of these MdABF members were analyzed. Subsequently, gene expression level analysis revealed that MdABFs had differential gene expression patterns in response to multiple abiotic factors, and most MdABF genes were highly expressed in leaves. According to the gene expression pattern analysis, we found that MdABF1 may play an important role in various stress responses. Subsequently, the MdABF1 gene was cloned and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana material was obtained for further research. Subcellular localization revealed that the transcription factor MdABF1 was localized to the nucleus. Moreover, MdABF1-overexpression in Arabidopsis reduced its resistance to drought, however, there was no observed difference under salt exposure treatment. Meanwhile, expression of MdABF1 promoted early flowering and leaf senescence under drought conditions. These results indicate that MdABF1 may be a pivotal regulator of plant growth under drought conditions. Our findings lay the foundation for further exploration of the functions of MdABF in plant growth and development.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparative transcriptome and physiological analysis unravel proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) source leaf adaptation to nitrogen deficiency with high nitrogen use efficiency

    Gong X.Yuan Y.Liu J.Wang H....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that limits agricultural productivity; however, excessive N fertilizers are still used, especially in China. Improving crop N use efficiency (NUE) is an effective measure to reduce environmental pollution and is a primary direction in agricultural crop improvement. Although the physiological and molecular mechanisms for uncovering differences in NUE have become increasingly important, only a few crops have been studied to date. Two proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) cultivars with contrasting NUE, the low–N–tolerant cultivar (T184) and the low–N–sensitive cultivar (S111), were used to explore physiological as well as comparative transcriptomic mechanisms for earning high NUE in field and hydroponic experiments. The results showed that T184 had higher N uptake and utilization efficiencies and better photosynthetic capacity than S111 in field trials, as measured by increased chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. Meanwhile, improved NUE and yield of T184 were observed compared with S111 under different N regimes. In hydroponic experiments, T184 had higher photosynthetic capacities in leaves and higher N metabolism enzyme activities in leaves and roots than S111, despite the photosynthetic and physiological parameters exhibited decreasing tendency to N deficiency in both T184 and S111. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that T184 had less differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than S111. Many genes involved in photosynthesis and N uptake and assimilation were implicated in conferring NUE. Four nitrate transporter genes and eight photosynthetic genes were higher in T184 than in S111 under low and recovery N conditions and were strongly associated with NUE. These results revealed that greater N uptake and utilization efficiencies, accelerated N assimilation and translocation, and enhanced photosynthetic activity confer higher NUE in proso millet.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Red light regulates metabolic pathways of soybean hypocotyl elongation and thickening

    Wang C.Qiu H.Chen Y.Shan F....
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Plant stem growth and development are regulated by red light, which is an important environmental signal. Using proteomic and metabolomic approaches, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in soybean hypocotyls were examined between soybean plants subjected to darkness and red light conditions, elucidating the pathways underlying the regulatory effects of red light on soybean hypocotyl growth. The results revealed that red light inhibits hypocotyl elongation and increases the hypocotyl diameter in soybeans. Red light inhibited hypocotyl elongation mainly by enhancing the firmness of the cell wall. First, red light promoted the expression of enzymes related to the conversion of serine and threonine to glycine, decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides. Furthermore, by enhancing the expression of enzymes involved in the lignin monomer synthetic pathway, red light promoted the biosynthesis of lignin to strengthen the cell wall. Moreover, red light promoted hypocotyl thickening mainly by upregulating the expression of aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase, thereby promoting the accumulation of ethylene precursors. This study provides a theoretical basis for using light to regulate soybean stem growth.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier