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Environmental and experimental botany
Pergamon Press,
Environmental and experimental botany

Pergamon Press,

0098-8472

Environmental and experimental botany/Journal Environmental and experimental botanySCIISTP
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    Grapevine VviERF105 promotes tolerance to abiotic stress and is degraded by the E3 ubiquitin ligase VviPUB19

    van Nocker S.Wang L.Zhang C.Zhang X....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022ERF transcription factors comprise the largest subfamily of the AP2/ERF transcription factors and are widely involved in processes of plant growth and development. In the grapevine Vitis vinifera, many ERFs have additionally been reported to play important functions in stress response. In this study, we cloned and characterized the ERF gene VviERF105 from V. vinifera. VviERF105 encodes a nuclear-localized, canonical ERF protein and is expressed strongly in stems and leaves. VviERF105 is induced by cold (4 °C), drought, and NaCl treatments. Heterologous expression of VviERF105 in transgenic Arabidopsis increased resistance to freezing, drought and salt stress as well as tolerance to growth on mannitol and NaCl, and this was associated with enhanced expression of abiotic stress-related genes. Overexpression of VviERF105 in transgenic grapevine callus increased tolerance to mannitol and NaCl. Heterologous expression of VviERF105 in Arabidopsis also delayed flowering and senescence and increased leaf thickness and the number of trichomes. Analysis of co-expressed genes indicated a relationship between VviERF105 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase VviPUB19. Yeast two-hybrid, BiFC and Co-IP analysis revealed that VviPUB19 interacts with VviERF105 through the UND domain of VviPUB19. VviERF105 was subject to degradation dependent on VviPUB19 and the 26 S proteasome. In summary, our study showed that VviERF105 is involved in regulating plant growth and development and response to abiotic stresses (freezing, drought and salt), and VviERF105 protein interacts with and is degraded by VviPUB19.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Stress responses and comparative transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes exposed to BTEX compounds

    Reddy U.K.Saminathan T.Pacheco-Valenciana A.Lopez-Ortiz C....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are important environmental pollutants around the world. The uptake and transformation of BTEX by plants are well understood, but not the molecular mechanisms for BTEX stress response. In the current study, we combined transcriptomic and physiology analysis of two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes with contrasting BTEX tolerance and subsequent validation using T-DNA knockout lines to identify BTEX-tolerance related genes. Physiology and gene expression were analyzed in seedlings exposed for 5 days to BTEX compounds separately and jointly. Our results showed reduced root length, high proline accumulation, and decreased chlorophyll content in the susceptible ecotype (Ct-1) after BTEX exposure, whereas the tolerant ecotype (Kn-0) did not show a statistically significant difference. A deep transcriptome revealed 1593, and 717 DEGs in Ct-1, and Kn-0, respectively, under BTEX stress, with 234 genes in common. DEGs associated with pathways such as “glutathione transferase activity” (GTSU4, GSTF3, GSTF6, GSLT1), “photosynthesis light harvesting in photosystem II” (LHCB2.1, LHCB2.2, and LHCB2.3), “cellular response to ethylene” (ETR2, Rap2, ORS1, NAC6), “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” (At1G49570) were found to be upregulated in Kn-0, and down-regulated in Ct-1 during stress. Also, we found two candidate genes such as basic region/leucine zipper motif 60 (BZIP60) (At1G42990) and a hypothetical protein (At2G16190) showing higher BTEX sensitivity in the T-DNA knockout mutants demonstrating their potential to function as positive regulators under BTEX stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Partial root-zone simulated drought induces greater flavonoid accumulation than full root-zone simulated water deficiency in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba

    Yu W.Luo J.Zhang S.Xiang P....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.To elucidate the physiological and transcriptomic regulatory mechanisms underlying flavonoid concentrations in ginkgo leaves in response to full and partial root-zone drying, double-rootstock grafted ginkgo saplings that could split roots easily were exposed to one of three water treatments: well-watered (WW); PEG-6000 simulated full root-zone drought (DD); and simulated partial root-zone drought (WD). Both DD and WD resulted in decreased chlorophyll concentrations and increased total flavonoid concentrations in ginkgo leaves and led to increased levels of scavenging OH and DPPH radicals and total reducing power in flavonoid extracts. The concentrations of chlorophyll and total flavonoids and the total reducing availability under WD were significantly greater than those under DD. Consistently, numerous differentially abundant metabolites and differentially expressed genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and hormone metabolism were identified in the leaves of DD- and WD-exposed G. biloba. For instance, the abundances of various precursors for flavonoid biosynthesis and gibberellin (GA) involved in modulating flavonoid accumulation and the transcript levels of several genes involved in GA and flavonoid biosynthesis in WD were greater than those in WW- and DD-treated ginkgo leaves. Through association analysis, three metabolites (sakuranetin, cinnamic acid and naringenin), six structural genes, and two transcription factors (enhancer of GLABRA 3 (EGL3) and ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3)) that play key roles in regulating flavonoid accumulation in ginkgo leaves were identified. These results suggest that WD induced greater flavonoid accumulation than DD, and metabolites and structural genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and hormone metabolism as well as transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating flavonoid concentrations in response to full and partial root-zone drought stress. This study also implies that partial root-zone drying is an efficient method to harvest ginkgo leaves with high concentration of flavonoids.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The UDP-glycosyltransferase MtUGT84A1 regulates anthocyanin accumulation and plant growth via JA signaling in Medicago truncatula

    Wang X.Wang J.Kang J.Wang Z....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022Anthocyanins confer plants beneficial qualities and play protective roles under extreme light conditions. Here, we characterized a novel UDP flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene MtUGT84A1 and demonstrated its involvement in anthocyanin accumulation and feedback inhibition of JA signaling in M. truncatula. The loss-of-function mutants mtugt84a1–1 and mtugt84a1–2 exhibited emerald hypocotyls and dwarfism. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that MtUGT84A1 glycosylated peonidin and delphinidin at the 3-OH position. Constitutive expression of MtUGT84A1 rescued the phenotypic abnormalities of mtugt84a1 and significantly increased the anthocyanin content in the MtUGT84A1-overexpression plants. Moreover, in mtugt84a1, the contents of JA and JA isoleucine (JA-Ile) were doubled. The transcription level of MtMYC2 was significantly increased in mtugt84a1, while decreased in the MtUGT84A1-overexpression plants, indicating MtUGT84A1 inhibits JA pathway. Under high-intensity light or MeJA treatment, MtUGT84A1 was elevated causing drastic accumulation of anthocyanins in the wildtype, but the pigments in mtugt84a1 did not alter clearly. Therefore, MtUGT84A1 not only functions as a structural gene for the final step of anthocyanin biosynthesis, but also regulates JA signaling by feedback inhibition. The findings unveil the critical roles of MtUGT84A1-modulated glycosylation of anthocyanidins and shed light on the feedback regulatory loop of MtUGT84A1 in JA-mediated biosynthesis of natural products.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Genotype-dependent responses to long-term water stress reveal different water-saving strategies in Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

    Maestro-Gaitan I.Granado-Rodriguez S.Orus M.I.Bolanos L....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsWithin the current climate context, freshwater resources have become scarce. Agriculture, especially in rain-fed conditions, should deal with the need of increasing yields to contribute to food security under limiting water availability. Exploring underutilized crops such as Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) has become a unique opportunity as some of these crops possess the ability to tolerate several abiotic stresses, including drought. In line with this, this work aimed at evaluating the genotype-dependent response to drought by comparing the performance of different European-adapted cultivars (F14, F15, F16, and Titicaca). The results show that the cultivars here evaluated presented different mechanisms to cope with long-term water stress, including changes in phenology, morphology, or physiology. Among them, the cultivar F16 might be the most promising genotype to grow under water-limiting conditions as it presented a reduced foliar total surface (fewer branches and leaves) with higher chlorophyll contents and was able to increase Water Use Efficiency (WUE), reducing the stomatal conductance and keeping CO2 assimilation rates similar to well-watered conditions. These characteristics lead to F16 maintaining seed yield and increasing harvest index (HI) under water deficit conditions, making it a cultivar tolerant to drought. Furthermore, based on these results, we propose a model in which differences between a water-use efficient and a drought-sensitive genotype are presented. Altogether, we believe that this work will significantly contribute to broadening our understanding of how quinoa responds to long-term water stress highlighting genotype-related differences that will allow the selection of the best-adapted genotypes for water-limiting environments.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Species- and compound-specific dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates toward the world's upper distribution of vascular plants

    Chlumska Z.Liancourt P.Bartos M.Altman J....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) are the crucial components of plant metabolism, and NSC dynamics provide essential information on plant carbon balance, which usually changes toward the distribution limits of plants. NSC have been extensively used to study the elevational limit in trees all around the world. For alpine herbs, which occupy vast areas beyond treelines, such investigations are still lacking. To assess whether carbon supply is a limiting factor for the upper distribution limits of alpine herbs, we studied NSC in belowground organs of 11 perennial species across their 4500–6000 m elevation ranges in the Western Himalayas at the peak of the growing season. We found a general elevational increase in total NSC within and across species. Studied alpine plants contain simple sugars and fructans as the main NSC and less so starch. Species- and compound-specific elevation patterns were found for different NSC compounds, suggesting a regulatory role of NSC in alpine herbs acclimation rather than a general accumulation of all NSC resulting from growth limitation. Similar to studies on treeline NSC dynamics, our study shows that reduced carbon supply is an unlikely cause of high-elevation range limits in herbs. Yet, the elevational NSC dynamics in alpine herbs still needs further exploration, with an emphasis on different compounds and their function in acclimatory metabolic processes, to clearly identify the key mechanisms determining plant range limits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessing photosynthesis in plant systems: A cornerstone to aid in the selection of resistant and productive crops

    Calzadilla P.I.Carvalho F.E.L.Gomez R.Lima Neto M.C....
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Photosynthesis is an essential metabolic pathway for plants, contributing to growth and biomass production. Environmental adverse conditions have a negative impact on photosynthetic activity, reducing crop yield and productivity, a situation that has been worsen due to the actual global climate change scenario. Plants have different mechanisms to cope with this changing environment, ranging from photo-protective mechanisms to adaptive processes aiming acclimation. To understand these processes, and in the search for resistant varieties of crops, plant scientists have been assessing photosynthetic activity under different conditions and in different plant species. There are multiple methodologies to study photosynthesis; however, not all of them are suitable for every working condition or plant species. In this review, we offer an overview of the available methodologies to assess photosynthesis, from the most conventional to other less well known. We highlight the strength and weakness of each technique, and discuss how photosynthetic measurements can be linked and integrated to other methodologies (e.g. omics). Moreover, we address how photosynthesis is affected by intra-plant and inter-plants factors, as well as environmental variables. The analysis of the photosynthetic process from a wider and systemic perspective will lead to a closer understanding of plant physiology, ultimately improving crop yield and land use efficiency.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Molecular basis of intraspecific differentiation for heavy metal tolerance in the copper moss Scopelophila cataractae

    Boquete M.T.Alonso C.Richards C.L.Schmid M.W....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsThe remarkable capacity of bryophytes to tolerate extremely challenging abiotic conditions allows us to enhance our understanding of the diversity of molecular mechanisms involved in plant stress response. Here, we used next generation sequencing to study DNA methylation and gene expression changes in plants from four populations of the metallophyte moss Scopelophila cataractae experimentally exposed to either Cd or Cu. These populations previously showed differences in tolerance to both metals, so here, we aimed to investigate the molecular basis of this phenotypic differentiation. We found no evidence of genetic differentiation among the populations studied. The epigenetic data, however, showed limited but significant population-specific changes in DNA methylation in response to both metals. Exposure to acute Cu stress in the laboratory led to the downregulation of genes involved in heavy metal tolerance in both the more and the less tolerant populations, but this response was quantitatively higher in the most tolerant. We propose that chronic exposure to varying levels of heavy metals in the field led to potentially non-genetically-based intraspecific differentiation for heavy metal tolerance in S. cataractae. The most tolerant plants invested more in constitutive protection and were more efficient at entering a conservative state when faced with acute Cu stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    N6-methyladenosine methylation analysis reveals transcriptome-wide expression response to salt stress in rice roots

    Chen D.Fu L.Su T.Xiong J....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications play crucial regulatory roles in plant yield development, nutritional growth and stress adaption. Rice (Oryza sativa) is relatively sensitive to salt stress among cereal crops, while its regulatory mechanism conferring salt tolerance is still unclear. Here, we performed transcriptome-wide m6A analysis in roots of rice cultivar Nipponbare under salt conditions (0 and 75 mM NaCl). After salt treatments for 4 d, a total of 18,115 m6A peak callings of 12,516 genes and 22,052 peaks of 14,235 genes were identified under salt and control conditions, respectively. These m6A peaks were mostly enriched in CDS and 3′UTR regions. Totally, 346 m6A differentially peaks (DPs) and 1522 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to salt stress, which were mainly enriched in “MAPK signaling module” and "metal ion binding". Among them, the m6A related genes including 2 writers (MTB and TRM4A), 1 reader (CPSF30) and 1 eraser (ALKBH9A). The m6A modified salt-responding genes including HAK4, CIPK06, RBOHH, Myb10, ERF067 and other transcription factors might participate in transcriptional regulation or multiple Ca2+, ABA and ROS signal pathways. The m6A level and gene expression of these genes were further confirmed by m6A-IP-qPCR and qRT-PCR, respectively, which showed a high consistency with the m6A-seq and transcriptome data. This study provides epigenetic responses of molecular regulatory mechanisms of salt tolerance in rice.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase OsASLRK regulates abscisic acid and drought responses via cooperation with S-like RNase OsRNS4 in rice

    Du C.Lin F.Wang K.Li S....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Both leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) and S-like RNases play key roles in abiotic stress response regulation. However, their relationship in together facing with abiotic stress has not yet been revealed. Here, we characterized the function of a LRR-RLK-coding gene in rice, OsASLRK, which is significantly up-regulated by multiple abiotic stresses. The Osaslrk mutant was less sensitive to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and more sensitive to drought, whereas the rice lines with OsASLRK ectopic expression displayed reverse phenotypes. The expression of a set of ABA- and drought-related genes was altered in the Osaslrk mutant and OsASLRK ectopic expression rice lines under drought treatment. Further investigation indicated that OsASLRK interacted physically with S-like RNase (OsRNS4), and this interaction could be enhanced by ABA and drought. The expression of OsRNS4 was suppressed in the Osaslrk mutant and elevated in the OsASLRK ectopic expression rice lines in response to ABA and drought. Furthermore, OsASLRK can phosphorylate OsRNS4 in vivo and vitro. Genetic analysis showed that OsRNS4 has similar functions in ABA and drought responses to OsASLRK. Collectively, our findings reveal that the LRR-RLK OsASLRK plays important roles in ABA and drought responses via cooperation with S-like RNase OsRNS4 in rice.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier