首页期刊导航|Environmental and experimental botany
期刊信息/Journal information
Environmental and experimental botany
Pergamon Press,
Environmental and experimental botany

Pergamon Press,

0098-8472

Environmental and experimental botany/Journal Environmental and experimental botanySCIISTP
正式出版
收录年代

    Shoot and root zone temperatures are critical in bidirectional regulation of tuberization in potato

    Tengli S.Narasimhamurthy S.T.Koppad A.Raju B.M....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Multiple signals regulate tuberization in potato and among them, photoperiod and temperature are most crucial. Optimum temperature for tuberization is around 20 °C and elevated temperatures above optimum drastically reduces tuberization. Our study therefore aims at understanding and establishing a system to study the effect of shoot and root zone temperatures on tuberization. Towards this, a less photosensitive cultivar, Kufri Jyoti was identified initially by analysing the allelic variations in CDF1 gene. Using the aeroponic systems housed inside the poly house, the effect of temperature on tuberization was studied. Following staggered sowing on aeroponic chambers during rabi season (Oct-Dec), the shoot zone (Sz) and root zone (Rz) were exposed to elevated mean cumulative day temperatures with one set of chambers regulated to maintain optimum temperature of 19 ± 2 °C in Rz (Rz-R) irrespective of date of sowing/ planting. With delayed planting, plants were exposed to high temperatures and our study demonstrated that, elevated temperatures in Sz and/or Rz had significant effect on growth attributes, tuber number and tuber weight per plant. While the tuber number was significantly higher under optimum root and shoot zone temperature, it was rather decreased by 3.5 and 2.3 for every degree rise in Rz (irrespective of Sz) and Sz (irrespective of Rz) temperature, respectively. However, regulating the Rz temperature inside the aeroponic chambers, reasonably a good number of mini-tubers per plant was produced regardless of the shoot zone temperatures suggesting that, root temperature is more crucial than shoot temperature. Furthermore, reduction in tuberization at elevated temperature was correlated well with reduction in expression of key positive regulators (StSP6A, StBEL5) and enhanced expression of key negative regulator, StSP5G in both leaves and solons. Taken together, our data suggest that, regulation of both root and shoot zone temperatures are important for effective tuberization and tuber yield in potato.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Aquaporins involvement in the regulation of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit cracking under different nutrient (Ca, B and Zn) treatments

    Lopez-Zaplana A.Barzana G.Carvajal M.Ding L....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsMelon cracking is a physiopathy that is associated with both internal and external changes by the alteration of the water balance and nutrient homeostasis in the fruit. Aquaporins are channels for water and other small solutes, and they are potentially involved in the regulation of melon cracking. In this work, we studied the mineral concentration and expression of all aquaporins in non-cracked and cracked melon pulp in control and after the application of foliar mineral treatments (Ca+B+Zn and B+Zn) in field conditions. Also, we measured the mineral transport of some aquaporins to connect it to cracking. The results showed that both treatments could ameliorate the incidence of cracking. Mineral elements determination showed increases in B, Ca, Si and Zn content in non-cracked Ca+B+Zn treated melons. In control conditions, only NIP2;2 and NIP5;1 had a significant increase in expression in cracked melons compared with non-cracked ones pointing to their involvement in cracking. Furthermore, we were able to verify that the high expression of PIP1;1, PIP1;2 and TIP1;1, which are efficient water channels, was involved in the changes observed in cracking incidence. Finally, transport assays in oocytes were performed with selected isoforms, highlighting the water channel activity of NIP2;2 and NIP5;1, the B channel activity of TIP1;3, TIP1;2, NIP1;1 and NIP2;2, and the Si channel activity of NIP2;2. In conclusion, both effective foliar treatments for avoiding cracking point to the PIP1;1, PIP1;2, TIP1;1 and NIP5;1 and NIP2;2 aquaporins as possible molecular markers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Jasmonate signaling and remodeling of cell wall metabolism induced by boron deficiency in pea shoots

    Chen X.Ru Y.He Y.Wu F....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Boron (B) is an essential element for plant growth but its cellular functions are poorly defined. We conducted transcriptome analysis of shoot apices of pea (Pisum sativum L.) growing for up to 18 days in the presence or absence of borate. Shoots of B deficient plants exhibited impaired elongation of the apex but increased growth of lateral shoots. Transcriptome analysis at days 10, 14 and 18 revealed 42, 517 and 2684 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, relating to diverse aspects of cell growth, metabolism, membrane function and cell signaling. Genes involved in jasmonate signaling and cell wall metabolism were upregulated in the B deficient plants. Many DEGs encoded transcription factors (TFs) potentially involved in these responses including many MYB and ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF) proteins and two orthologs of MYC2 which has been implicated in jasmonate signaling. Treatment of detached apices with B or jasmonic acid (JA) led to rapid changes in the expression of several of these DEGs. These results are consistent with a major role for borate in cell wall structure, perturbation of which can activate jasmonate signaling and cell wall remodeling. Such changes can help to explain how B deficiency leads to changes in shoot growth and architecture.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Higher association and integration among functional traits in small tree than shrub in resisting drought stress in an arid desert

    Gao Y.-C.Cao Y.-E.Yang X.-D.Anwar E....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Revealing plant adaptation strategies to drought has become one of the research hotspots in assessing the impact of global change on forest ecosystems. However, it is not clear whether the drought adaptation strategies are consistent across life forms. The scientific question of this study is whether small tree and shrub adopt different strategies to cope with drought stress. To answer it, we analyzed the differences of change pattern in four types of functional traits (leaf, photosynthetic, hydraulic and carbohydrate traits), as well as the asscoiation and integration among traits across a drought stress gradient between the most common small tree (Haloxylon ammodendron) and shrub (Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.) species in an arid desert of northwest China. Our results showed that the adaptation of photosynthetic and carbohydrate traits were the same in the two species, but leaf and hydraulic traits were different. Association and integration among traits were obviously higher in small tree than shrub because the former suffered more severe drought stress. All the functional traits of small tree can be integrated into two independent drought adaptation groups, which can be named drought resistance-nutrient accumulation group and hydraulic adaptation group, respectively. These two groups were all obviously related to drought adaptation, and can be considered as two adaptive strategies evolved by small tree to cope with drought stress. In contrast, all traits of shrub can be classified into four independent adaptive groups. However, it is difficult to associate all of them as drought adaptation strategies. In conclusion, shrub had a stronger drought tolerance, and showed an independent trait adaptability relative to small tree, with no close accociation between traits. Oppositely, the traits of small tree were closely related to each other. The trade-offs and compensations among traits greatly helpled small tree to reduce drought stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A novel root-specific Di19 transcription factor from Glycine max compromises drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana through suppression of auxin-related pathway

    Jiang L.Yang X.Huang S.Tang W....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Di19 is a small family of transcription factors with two atypical Cys2/His2 (C2H2) zinc-finger like domains, which are involved in the regulation of stress responses, growth and development. To date, their potential roles as transcription factors is yet to be unraveled. In the present study, 15 Di19 members were identified in soybean, which were further named as from GmDi19–1 to GmDi19–15. In silica analysis provided a comprehensive understanding of their chromosomal location, exon number, cis-elements, phylogeny, and conserved motifs. GmDi19s had different tissue-specific expression patterns and most GmDi19s responded to at least one stress or hormone treatment, suggesting they have diversified biological functions during stress signaling. GmDi19–15, encoding a novel transcription factor that has not been identified and characterized in soybean genome, was specifically expressed in roots and GmDi19–15 fused with GFP was mainly located in the nucleus. In addition, GmDi19–15 showed transactivation activity in yeast cells, hinting its potential role as a bona fide transcription regulator. Ectopic expression of GmDi19–15 in Arabidopsis resulted in compromised drought tolerance. Transcriptomic data revealed that a consortium of mis-regulated genes was involved in the auxin-related pathway. Our results expanded the GmDi19 family with 8 new members identified. Moreover, the potential biological role of GmDi19–15 has been pinpointed using the model plant. The present study proposed GmDi19–15 could be a target for tissue-specific genetic modification as well as for generating high-performance traits under stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Sulfate availability and soil selenate adsorption alleviate selenium toxicity in rice plants

    Liu J.Li L.Cardoso A.A.D.S.Gomes F.T.D.L....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient for humans and other animals; however, it can cause severe toxicity at high concentrations. Selenium and sulfur (S) present a strict relationship in plants and soils, affecting their uptake and accumulations. Thus, addressing selenium-sulfur interaction is important to understand selenium nutrition and toxicity in plants, which could influence crop composition and production, and the toxicity risk to humans and animals. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of selenium exposure on rice plants grown under different sulfur supplies at tillering and grain ripening phases. We studied the effects of selenate and sulfate doses on rice plants grown hydroponically or in soils with varying clay contents. In the hydroponic experiment (short-term experiment), rice plants were grown until tillering stage under combinations of two concentrations of Se (0 and 20 μM Se) and S (0.1 and 0.5 mM S) in the nutrient solution. In the long-term, rice plants were grown until the ripening stage in two Oxisols with different clay contents (240 and 620 g kg?1 clay) under combinations of five doses of Se (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mg dm?3 Se) and three doses of S (0; 45; and 90 mg dm?3 S). We also performed sorption assays to evaluate the influence of soil clay content (240 and 620 g kg?1 clay) and S doses (0; 45; and 90 mg dm?3 S) on selenate adsorption and desorption at exposure to 4.0 mg kg?1 Se. Sulfate supply alleviated selenate toxicity in both short-term and long-term experiments. Selenate treatment up-regulated the expression of sulfate transporters (OsSULTR1;1 and OsSULTR1;2), leading to increased sulfur contents in rice seedlings, which enhanced the antioxidant system (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and glutathione content) and alleviated selenate toxicity. However, this enhanced mechanism is absent in seedlings grown under a low sulfur supply, presenting severe Se toxicity. Moreover, soil clay contents strongly influenced selenate availability. The higher clay content promoted a high selenate adsorption capacity (67% of Se added), resulting in lower selenium contents in shoots and grains and the absence of toxicity symptoms. In contrast, a lower clay content presented a low selenate adsorption capacity (24% of Se added), increasing the Se availability, which can favor the biofortification of crops. However, high selenate doses caused growth and yield impairment in rice cultivated in the soil with lower selenate adsorption, which exhibited higher Se concentrations in shoots and grains, increasing the risk of Se toxicity for humans and animals.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase gene PtPCBER improves the salt tolerance of transgenic poplar through lignan-mediated reactive oxygen species scavenging

    Wei M.Ge B.Duan C.Xie Y....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER) in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway plays a crucial role in controlling plant growth and development. However, its biological function in response to abiotic stress in perennial trees is still largely obscure. In this work, a phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase gene, PtPCBER, isolated from poplar was overexpressed in poplar. The growth and salt resistance of transgenic plants were investigated, and the possible regulatory mechanism of PtPCBER in response to abiotic stresses was verified. PtPCBER was constitutively expressed in various tissues and organs with a predominant expression in xylems. Overexpression of PtPCBER augmented the salt and oxidative stress tolerance of transgenic poplar plants. The increased salt tolerance was associated with a relatively lower chlorphyll loss and Na+ accumulation, and a higher antioxidant enzyme activity and stress gene expression, in the leaves of transgenic plants. Further metabolomic analyses revealed that overexpression of PtPCBER cut down the accumulation of coniferyl alcohols and lignans which function in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging pathway to alleviate the damage caused by oxidative stress in the leaves of transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that PtPCBER has an important function in plant response to salt stress, and it could be used as an ideal candidate gene for the genetic engineering of woody plants with enhance resistance to multiple abiotic stresses through improving the scavenging capacity of ROS.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Multiomics analyses reveal high temperature-induced molecular regulation of ascorbic acid and capsaicin biosynthesis in pepper fruits

    Ye L.Gao L.Cheng Y.Liu C....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Heat stress (HS) is one of the most severe abiotic stressors that affects pepper fruit development, coloration, nutritional quality and yield. However, the molecular basis of pepper fruit response to HS has not been extensively studied. In this study, we performed integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses in pepper fruits subjected to HS (36 ℃) for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. A total of 14513 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1999 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), and 39 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in response to heat treatments. Molecular function, regulatory network, and metabolic pathway analyses revealed that the DEGs and DAPs in heat-stressed fruits were mainly attributed to photosynthesis, response to stimulus, carbohydrate metabolic process, and protein folding process. Interestingly, among the DAMs, the content of capsaicin and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), which are important phytochemical substances of pepper as food, was substantially impaired by HS. By integrated analysis of the genes, proteins and intermediate metabolites related to the biosynthesis pathway of capsaicin and ascorbic acid, we found that transcripts of most of the capsaicin biosynthesis genes are positively correlated to capsaicin content, while there is no obvious correlation between the biosynthesis genes and the content of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, by analyzing the promoter sequence, we found 3 transcription factors that could potentially regulate the expression of key genes in the capsaicin biosynthesis pathway in response to HS. Our research here provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of pepper fruit response to HS, and also provides a theoretical basis for the pre-harvest temperature management to harvest high-quality pepper fruits.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Overexpression of a cotton nonspecific lipid transfer protein gene, GhLTP4, enhances drought tolerance by remodeling lipid profiles, regulating abscisic acid homeostasis and improving tricarboxylic acid cycle in cotton

    Zhang D.Li J.Li M.Cheng Z....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Drought is a major abiotic stress that causes severely crop yield loss worldwide. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) play an essential role during plant growth and cell signaling transduction associated with stress responses. However, the regulatory circuits involved in drought stress remain largely unresolved. Here, we reported that a nonspecific lipid transfer protein, namely GhLTP4, positively modulated drought stress tolerance in cotton. GhLTP4 (synonym Pfs6, GenBank: ABO42261) was preferentially expressed in fiber cells, while, it was also strongly induced by phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress treatments. Compared with wild type, over- and down-expression of GhLTP4 in cotton led to the increased and decreased drought tolerance, respectively. Overexpression of GhLTP4 remarkably increased lipid components and the accumulation of culticular waxes in transgenic cotton leaves under normal condition. Under drought stress, GhLTP4-overexpressing transgenic cotton exhibited the remodeled lipid profiles, more ABA contents, and the improved tricarboxylic acid cycle process. Taken together, we reveal the function and underlying mechanisms of GhLTP4 in regulating cotton drought tolerance and create valuable genetic accessions for cotton drought-tolerant breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    FRUITFULL is involved in double fruit formation at high temperature in sweet cherry

    Zhang C.Wang J.Sun W.Wang L....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is sensitive to high temperature during pistil development, but the spatial and temporal variability of high temperature and the molecular mechanism of its impact on the formation of double pistils are little known. An analysis of historical and projected climate data was conducted to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of high temperature from June to September at 5 stations in main sweet cherry growing regions of China and a warmer reference site. Several high temperature indices were developed to quantify heat frequency, intensity and duration during pistil development based on observed and projected maximum temperatures. The risk of high temperature was projected to increase under two Representative Concentration Pathways for 2035–2065 and 2070–2100, and the increasing rate was higher in the south station than the north except for Yantai city. Furthermore, to explore the mechanism of double fruit formation at high temperature, we investigated the regulation of FRUITFULL (FUL) during the growth of floral buds in sweet cherry. We identified a AP1/ FUL family gene FUL from sweet cherry, which was grouped with PpCAL, PpMADS6 from Prunus persica, ParFUL from Prunus armeniaca, PyeCAL from Prunus yedoensis, and PdCAL, PdAGL8 from Prunus dulcis by phylogenetic tree analysis. The seasonal expression level of PavFUL was higher in the high multi-pistil rate cultivar during summer stage and enhanced by high temperature. Moreover, overexpression of PavFUL led to multi-silique formation and early flowering in Arabidopsis. In addition, Y2H and BiFC assays revealed that PavFUL interacted with other MADS-box proteins, including PavLFY, PavSOC1, PavAP1, and PavSEP, to co-regulate the flowering and multi-silique formation. Our findings will help decipher the possible mechanism of high temperature-mediated double fruit via affecting FUL and other MADS-box genes in molecular level for tree fruit species.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier