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European Journal of Agronomy
Gauthier-Villars
European Journal of Agronomy

Gauthier-Villars

1161-0301

European Journal of Agronomy/Journal European Journal of AgronomyISTPSCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Are soybean models ready for climate change food impact assessments?

    Purcell, Larry C.Qian, BudongRuane, Alex C.Schoving, Celine...
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：An accurate estimation of crop yield under climate change scenarios is essential to quantify our ability to feed a growing population and develop agronomic adaptations to meet future food demand. A coordinated evaluation of yield simulations from process-based eco-physiological models for climate change impact assessment is still missing for soybean, the most widely grown grain legume and the main source of protein in our food chain. In this first soybean multi-model study, we used ten prominent models capable of simulating soybean yield under varying temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] to quantify the uncertainty in soybean yield simulations in response to these factors. Models were first parametrized with high quality measured data from five contrasting environments. We found considerable variability among models in simulated yield responses to increasing temperature and [CO2]. For example, under a + 3 degrees C temperature rise in our coolest location in Argentina, some models simulated that yield would reduce as much as 24%, while others simulated yield increases up to 29%. In our warmest location in Brazil, the models simulated a yield reduction ranging from a 38% decrease under + 3 degrees C temperature rise to no effect on yield. Similarly, when increasing [CO2] from 360 to 540 ppm, the models simulated a yield increase that ranged from 6% to 31%. Model calibration did not reduce variability across models but had an unexpected effect on modifying yield responses to temperature for some of the models. The high uncertainty in model responses indicates the limited applicability of individual models for climate change food projections. However, the ensemble mean of simulations across models was an effective tool to reduce the high uncertainty in soybean yield simulations associated with individual models and their parametrization. Ensemble mean yield responses to temperature and [CO2] were similar to those reported from the literature. Our study is the first demonstration of the benefits achieved from using an ensemble of grain legume models for climate change food projections, and highlights that further soybean model development with experiments under elevated [CO2] and temperature is needed to reduce the uncertainty from the individual models.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Distribution of sequestered carbon in different pools in Alfisols under long-term groundnut system of hot arid region of India

    Anantha, Krishna ChaitanyaMandal, BiswapatiBadole, ShrikantMajumder, Shyam Prasad...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools are indicators of soil productivity and sustainability and provide valuable in-formation on the pathways of carbon sequestration in soils. We analysed organic C pools of different oxidiz-abilities, labile pools like particulate organic carbon, permanganate-oxidisable C, and microbial biomass carbon in soils under a long-term groundnut mono-cropping system with different management practices. Among the treatments, 50% NPK+farmyard manure (FYM) maintained a proportionately higher amount of soil carbon in passive pools (48.3%) followed by 50% NPK+ groundnut shell (GNS) (46.7%), FYM (44.7%), GNS (43.8%), 100% NPK (40.6%), 50% NPK (38.3%) and the control (32.4%). Particulate organic carbon fraction was the most sensitive fraction upon application of the amendments. Carbon stabilized from GNS and FYM sources had a skewed distribution along soil profile with a ratio of 1.2:1.0:1.4 and 1.8:1.0:1.3 at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 cm depth, respectively. A critical carbon input of 0.32 Mg ha(-1)y(-1 & nbsp;)was needed to maintain SOC level, and the rate of conversion of crop residue C into soil organic C was about 8.1% for the present study. Combined use of chemical fertilizers and organic manure was found to be the best for enhancing SOC sequestration in groundnut mono-cropping system under hot arid eco-regions in India.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Resilient soybean and maize production under a varying climate in the semi-arid and sub-humid Chaco

    Casali, LuciaHerrera, Juan M.Rubio, Gerardo
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Food security and economic stability of many developing countries rely on the resilience of major crops to climatic variability and climatic anomalies. Since climate change forecasts predict an increasing frequency and intensity of climatic disturbances, the need to increase our knowledge about the influence of climate variability on crop productivity is especially acute for areas with fragile environments such as the semi-arid and sub-humid Chaco in South America. We used climate records from recent decades and crop growth models to: (i) identify the main climatic variables that have influenced the productivity of soybean and maize which are major crops cultivated in the area and (ii) to assess the impact of inter-annual variability of climate variables on the productivity of soybean and maize. Simulated soybean and maize grain yields indicated that farmers in Chaco should be aware of the high interannual variability in the productivity of these crops. Farmers face a different risk cropping maize and soybean depending on the location. The productivity of soybean was below production costs in 10-13% of the studied years while the corresponding values for maize were 11-14%. Diversification of crop rotations is therefore key to enhance resilience and to increase the likelihood of harnessing favorable growing conditions. Management strategies intended to conserve soil water are of paramount importance, especially for soybean where anomalies in the precipitation during the first four months after sowing was the predictor that explained the highest amount of variance in grain yield (r = 0.58). To mitigate the effect of temperature, which essentially is a factor out of direct control of the farmer, the main practice that arose from our study is delaying planting dates (e.g., towards late January) to avoid the occurrence of high temperatures during the critical stages of the crop.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Determination of nitrogen dilution curves of corn, canola, and spring wheat in Canada using classical and Bayesian approaches

    Sansoulet, J.Pattey, E.Beaudoin, N.Belanger, G....
    15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Determining the dynamics of crop nitrogen (N) uptake is essential to optimize N management and increase the sustainability of crop production. The concept of critical N concentration helps to achieve this goal by defining the minimum shoot N concentration required to produce the maximum aerial biomass at a given time during the crop cycle. The objective of this study was to determine new critical N dilution curves of the main annual field crops used in Canada (spring wheat, canola and corn) using a classical approach well established and a new Bayesian approach and compare these curves with the curves previously published. A total of 557 data for the three crops were used, covering a wide range of pedoclimatic conditions, crop management and cultivars across Canada. These data were processed following a classical statistical approach involving two steps to determine critical points used to calculate the parameters of the critical N dilution curve and then validate these curves against N limiting and non-limiting points. Data were also processed with a new one step Bayesian approach which allows estimating the 95% credibility intervals of the calculated critical curves. For spring wheat, our analysis confirmed the results of a previous study showing that the critical N curve established for winter wheat was not adequate for spring wheat. The critical N dilution curve determined with the classical approach (N-c = 4.14 W-0.51) performed well in separating the N limiting to the N non-limiting data of the validation dataset. The use of a larger dataset than in the previous study conducted for spring wheat in eastern Canada allowed us to demonstrate that new critical, minimum and maximum N dilution curves for spring wheat has a larger domain of validity than suggested by results of previous studies. Our study shows the strong interaction between plant N and water status, and that N dilution concept allowed us to reveal the occurrence of interaction between water and N stresses for crops in Western Canada, explaining the lower efficiency of N fertilizer in western than in eastern regions.& nbsp;For corn, the refined critical N dilution curve was very close to the critical N dilution curve determined in France and in eastern Canada, but the Bayesian approach allowed to propose a specific critical N curve for Canada (N-c = 3.07 W-0.40). In addition, minimum and maximum N dilution curves for corn were determined in Canada's pedoclimatic conditions. For canola, the new critical (N-c = 4.26 W-0.26), minimum and maximum curves determined in this study were close to the curves found in previous studies during the vegetative stages. In addition, a new critical N curve valid after the flowering stage was determined.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assessing benefits of land use intensification on extensive grain cropping systems of the Pampas

    Andrade, Jose F.Ermacora, MatiasSatorre, Emilio H.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：A holistic approach in the design of cropping systems is essential to boost productivity in a sustainable manner. One of the most important decisions in the cropping system is the way that crops are organized in sequences, which is commonly oriented to obtain high yields and associated economic return while minimizing variability and risk. Increased cropping intensity based on sequenced winter/summer crops has proven to raise annual land productivity due to a larger utilization of environmental resources. In this study, we aim to compare a soybean monoculture sequence with more diverse and intensified crop rotations in terms of resource use, overall pro-ductivity, and economic return in four sites, along six years, exploring a relatively wide range of environmental conditions in the central area of the Argentine Pampas. Results showed that more intensified and diverse cropping sequences yielded 41-51% more, in average, than soybean monoculture, given that this latter crop makes use of available environmental resources only during summer. In addition, despite higher production cost when growing more diverse and intensified rotations, annual gross margin was 10-13% higher, in average, than soybean monoculture. According to our results, cropland intensification resulted in larger productive, economic, and environmental benefits. At this point, new alternative winter crops and intensified cropping systems may expand. However, to effectively promote such process in the Pampas, it appears that policy decision makers should target the development of new markets and create opportunities to use or sell the extra production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Future projections of rice exposure to cold stress in China throughout the 21st century

    Wang, PinLiu, HaijianWu, WenyuanKong, Feng...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rice exposure to cold stress will be alleviated by the decrease of cold extremes under climate change. The disappearance time of cold exposure and its response to different potential scenes in the 21st century, should be particularly important to make long-term adaptations in China. Given these issues unresolved, here we assessed the decadal changes of rice exposure to cold stress in China throughout the 21st century, and compared the patterns under different combinations of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios, rice phenology shifts and cold tolerance enhancements. Under RCP4.5 with no changes in rice phenology and cold tolerance (i.e., the baseline scene), cold exposure would disappear mainly after the 2030s, 2040s, 2060s and 2080s in Liaoning, Fujian, Jilin and Hunan, respectively. But in Heilongjiang, northern Yunnan, southern Sichuan, western Hunan and northwestern Zhejiang, cold exposure would remain until the end of this century. Compared with the baseline pattern in these provinces, RCP8.5 and cold-tolerance enhancements would make cold exposure disappear 2-3 decades early and reduce the intensity by more than 40%. In southern China, when rice thermal-sensitive stage is moved 10/15 days forward, the disappearance of cold exposure would be 2-4 decades early relative to the baseline pattern. Comparison of the patterns under the baseline scene and other potential scenes suggests cautious optimism about the effectiveness of adjustments in crop phenology and provides quantitative support to the enhancement in cold tolerance. This has broad implications for the research community relative to adaptation planning under climate change.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Maize yield in response to alternating low- and high-density rows of diverse hybrids

    Burton, Amanda B.Kemanian, Armen R.
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Production of rainfed summer crops like maize (Zea mays L.) must adapt to a changing climate and retain high productivity. Using diverse hybrids in the same stand is a simple way to adapt to unpredictable stresses during the growing season. However, some hybrids are available at a price premium and therefore their use needs to be cleverly incorporated in the system to balance cost and economic return. In a two-year study in Pennsylvania, we evaluated maize yield and economic return in response to combinations of two planting densities (4.6 and 8.9 plants m(-2)), two planting arrangements (rows with the same density or alternating rows of low and high density with medium overall density), and two hybrids (drought tolerant Aquamax and a non-drought tolerant Seedway hybrids), including mixtures of both density and hybrid. Both experimental years received adequate rainfall for production. Regression showed that increasing plant density by 1 plant m-2 increased biomass and grain yield by 2% in the density range tested. Using the Aquamax hybrid increased grain yield by 6% compared with Seedway in one of two years. However, economic analysis indicated lower returns when using the higher planting density. Using low density, or a medium density by alternating low and high-density rows, optimized economic output and yield. In 2019, mixing hybrids suppressed yield by reducing the number kernels per ear by 9% compared to pure hybrid stands, mostly for the Aquamax hybrid, which suggests that combining compatible hybrids is of primary importance in mixtures. In rotations highly dependent on maize yield, a combination of defensive agronomic tactics that keeps costs low and yield slightly below the attainable yield as proposed here may result in a resilient and profitable agricultural system adapted to a variable climate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Performance of the SSM-iCrop model for predicting growth and nitrogen dynamics in winter wheat

    Manschadi, A. M.Palka, M.Fuchs, W.Neubauer, T....
    19页
    查看更多>>摘要：Process-based crop models are essential tools for representing the fundamental interactions between the cropping environment (weather, soil, and management) and plant development, growth, resource use, and yield formation. Due to these capabilities, crop models are considered as an integral component of smart farming tools for evaluating and improving crop management at field, farm, and regional scales. However, prior to application of a crop model in geospatial decision support tools, its robustness should be established by comparing model pre-dictions with observations from the target cropping environment. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the Simple Simulation Model (SSM-iCrop) for predicting growth and nitrogen (N) dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars in a temperate environment. Detailed plant and soil data were collected from three field experiments conducted with four widely-grown cultivars under four N application rates in Austria. Variation in N fertilisation and differences in soil properties and weather conditions in the three field experiments generated a wide range of observed crop total dry mass (585-2034 g m(-2)), N uptake (5-32 g N m(-2)), and grain yield (211-898 g m(-2)). The SSM-iCrop model required parameterisation of a relatively small number of plant input parameters. As these parameters could be directly calculated from the experimental data, except for two phenology-related coefficients, there was no need for calibrating the model. In initial simulations, SSM-iCrop was not able to predict the response of leaf area index (LAI) to decreasing N supply. Introducing an additional parameter defining the minimum stem N concentration from emergence to begin grain growth improved the model performance substantially. The simulated time-course of crop attributes through the growing season showed good overall correspondence with observed data. Across the three field experiments, the model performed well in simulating above-ground dry mass (CV=5.9, RMSE=115.6 g N m(-2)), grain yield (CV=1.9, RMSE=60.5 g N m(-2)), total crop N uptake (CV=4.5, RMSE=1.9 g N m(-2)), and grain N content (CV=1.1; RMSE=2.2 g N m(-2)). Overall, The results of this study confirmed the robustness of SSM-iCrop for predicting wheat development, growth, N dynamics, and yield in the target cropping environments. The rela-tively simple structure and high degree of transparency make the SSM-iCrop suitable for integration in smart farming tools for improving tactical decision making in crop production. This study also highlights the essential role of high-quality detailed experimental data for adequate parameterisation and evaluation of crop models.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Feasibility of early fertilization of maize with 15 N application to preceding cover crop

    Momesso, LetusaCosta Crusciol, Carlos AlexandreCosta do Nascimento, Carlos AntonioSoratto, Rogerio P....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Early nitrogen (N) application on live cover crops or their residues is a potential alternative for supplying N demand while enhancing the yield of subsequent cash crops in tropical regions. The objective of applying N on live forage grasses or their residues to no-till (NT) systems is to promote the gradual release of N via straw decomposition to the subsequent crop. However, the N use efficiency by the subsequent crop under early fertilization has not been determined in the end of growing season. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the most cultivated tropical forage grasses can supply the N demand and enhance the grain yields of maize via the N recovery when N is applied with different timings than the conventional method. A 3-year field experiment was performed using palisade grass [(Urochloa brizantha (syn. Brachiaria)] and ruzigrass (U. ruziziensis) as cover crops with four N application timings to agricultural system: (i) no-N, zero N application; (ii) CC+N, 120 kg N ha(-1) applied on live cover crops 35 days before maize seeding; (iii) St+N, 120 kg N ha(-1) applied on cover crops straw 1 day before seeding; and (iii) Nv4, conventional method of sidedress N application at the maize V-4 (four leaf) growth stage. Except control, all N treatments received 40 kg N ha(-1)at maize seeding, totalizing 160 kg N ha(-1). Straw decomposition and cover crop N accumulation were greater in the treatments in which N fertilizer was applied on palisade grass compared with ruzigrass. High maize yields were achieved with N application on palisade grass or its residues or according to the conventional method, with yields of 13.2, 13.2 and 13.6 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Similarly, high maize yields were obtained when N was applied on ruzigrass residues or according to the conventional method (12.1 and 11.8 Mg ha(-1), respectively). However, regardless of cover crop species, N recovery was highest when N fertilizer was applied via the conventional method. Additionally, most of the N in maize at harvest came from the soil when N fertilizer was applied to live palisade grass. Thus, best recovery of N fertilizer in the grain occurred in maize fertilized using the conventional method. Our results indicate that agricultural systems characterized by high dry matter from palisade grass have the potential to recycle and supply N to subsequent maize. Although palisade grass combined with early N fertilizer application may enhance maize response and yield, the current conventional method of N fertilizer application on maize allows higher recovery from N fertilizer while increasing the maize yield in tropical food production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier