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European Journal of Agronomy
Gauthier-Villars
European Journal of Agronomy

Gauthier-Villars

1161-0301

European Journal of Agronomy/Journal European Journal of AgronomyISTPSCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Optimization of nitrogen-silicon (N-Si) fertilization for grain yield and lodging resistance of early-season indica fragrant rice under different planting methods

    Hong, WeiyuanChen, YongjianHuang, SuihuaLi, Yuzhan...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：In general, nitrogen (N), silicon (Si), and planting method influence fragrant rice yield and lodging resistance. Nevertheless, the response of fragrant rice yield and lodging resistance to N-Si fertilization under different planting methods has not been examined in detail. Field trials were undertaken in the early seasons of 2018 and 2019. Two Si levels i.e., 0 kg Si h m- 2 (Si0) and 150 kg Si h m(-2) (Si1), three N levels i.e., 0 kg N h m(-2)(N0), 150 kg N h m(-2)(N1), and 220 kg N h m(-2)(N2) as well as three planting methods i.e., artificial transplanting (AT), mechanical transplanting (MT), and mechanical direct-seeding (MD) were set up for two indica fragrant rice cultivars i.e., 'Yuxiangyouzhan' (YX) and 'Xiangyaxiangzhan' (XY). Results revealed that the N-Si treatments and planting methods significantly affected the grain yield, lodging index, and some related parameters across the two cultivars. The mean fold change (FC) in grain yield for the different planting methods was ranked MD>MT >AT, while MT and MD have larger variation of FC in grain yield and lodging index as compared with AT. Besides, under all planting methods, the N1 and N2 treatments significantly increased grain yield and lodging index, while the Si1 treatment significantly reduced lodging index without affecting grain yield. There were also significant Si and N interaction effects on grain yield and lodging resistance, with the Si1N2 treatment producing the best balance of grain yield and lodging resistance. The treatments differed in grain yield and yield-related traits such as yield components, biomass yield and photosynthetic properties, as well as in lodging index and lodging-related traits such as plant height, N and Si content in the stem sheath, and biomass allocation ratio. Overall, this study revealed that the 150 kg Si h m- 2 coupled with 220 kg N h m(-2) treatment showed the best positive effects on balancing grain yield and lodging resistance under all planting methods. Additionally, fragrant rice planted by mechanical methods requires more stricter N-Si fertilization because mechanical planting methods produce greater variation in the physio-biochemical characteristics that underlie grain yield formation and lodging resistance.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Inter-row floor management is a powerful factor for optimising vine balance in a non-irrigated organic Barbera vineyard in northern Italy

    Gatti, M.Garavani, A.Squeri, C.Capri, C....
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Floor management in organic viticulture plays a key role as weed suppression and soil health must be warranted through practices that minimise the recourse to extensive tillage and herbicides, while any resident vegetation or sown cover crop should exert moderate competition for water and nutrients towards the consociated vines. Lack of knowledge exists about the fraction of soil cover crop coverage (Scc) which might represent the best compromise between the above needs. A four-year study (2017-2020) was conducted in an organically managed cv. Barbera/420 A vineyard in the North-West of Italy, comparing five floor management treatments each having light tillage as the practice chosen to control the under trellis weed growth. Inter-row treatments were permanent grass (PG), tillage (T), alternate tillage and permanent grass every second mid-row (AGT), a variant of this last treatment, where the tilled mid-row was used for growing a temporary winter cover crop terminated in spring (AGC) and temporary grass (TG) where grass was disked post-harvest (mid-October) until natural growth resumption in late winter (mid-February). An assessment was made for soil profile and physicochemical composition, floristic analyses performed in T, PG, and TG treatments, vegetative growth, yield components, grape maturity at harvest, single leaf gas exchange as well as midday and pre-dawn leaf water potentials. While overall scant, mostly season-related differences were found for leaf function and water status, soil management heavily impacted vine performance. Year-round soil cover crop coverage (Scc) regressed towards total pruning weight/vine and yield/vine showed high linear correlation (R-2 = 0.93) for pruning weight/vine (to be reduced by 38% at 75% Scc vs. 0% Scc of the T treatment), whereas yield/vine was quite poorly correlated (R-2 = 0.21) showing a 15% decrease in PG vs. T. Regressing Scc vs total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), total anthocyanins and phenolics concentration disclosed mild linear correlation (R-2 = 0.52) for the two technology ripening parameters and a much tighter fit for colour and phenolics (R-2 = 0.79 and 0.90, respectively). AGT had an intermediate behaviour between its two extremes (i.e. T and PG) without assuring any significant marginal gain. Conversely, modulating PG into TG through a temporary removal of the resident vegetation in the fall and AGT into AGC by growing a winter cover crop terminated in the spring as mulching, gave the highest yield at adequate technological and phenolic ripeness. PG assured maximum grapes total soluble solids and total anthocyanin concentration at harvest; however, due to its low vigour, several shortcomings also followed, such as low yeast available nitrogen and malic acid concentration, as well as a tendency to accumulate high amounts of flavonols. Our work led to the conclusion that AGC and TG treatments are quite valuable choices under the specific environment for successful soil management in organic vineyards.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Assimilating leaf area index data into a sugarcane process-based crop model for estimation

    Fattori Junior, Izael MartinsVianna, Murilo dos SantosMarin, Fabio Ricardo
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：The ability to estimate sugarcane yield is an important factor to improving the planning capacity of public and private sectors, and so food and energy security. One way of achieving this is by employing process-based crop models (PBM), which can be coupled to data assimilation (DA) algorithms to correct predictions along the crop season. While the application of PBMs often need careful parameterization or genotype-specific parameters, few studies focus on understanding the impacts of crop parametrization with different crop genotypes with DA. Moreover, dimensioning the number and timing of observations is key to effectively improve predictions with DA. This study assess the performance of a new sugarcane PBM (DSSAT/SAMUCA) coupled to three DA methods, and when the genotype-specific parameters are available or not. Data from 22 field experiments is utilized to compare the performance of using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), ensemble smoother (ES) and weighted mean (WM) for assimilating leaf area index (LAI) to improve yields estimates. We also quantify the impact of using one genotype-specific calibration (cv. RB867515) on yield predictions of four non-calibrated genotypes (cv. NCo376, SP832847, R570, RB72454). Simulations of DA methods had better performance than employing the PBM without DA, so called open-loop (OP). The ES method resulted in the best performance (R2 = 0.498 and RMSE = 20.268 Mg ha-1) followed by EnKF and WM. Utilizing a genotype-specific calibration showed substantially smaller RMSE for the three DA methods (EnKF = 16.76, ES = 16.70 and WM = 15.36 Mg ha-1) compared to non-calibrated (EnKF = 21.44-26.23, ES = 21.50-26.27 and WM = 23.38-28.37 Mg ha-1). Nevertheless, we also verified a higher improvement of model performance when applying EnKF and ES method to experiments where the cultivar does not match the genotype-specific calibration employed. While the WM had the opposite results, with the calibrated cultivar showing a higher improvement of model performance. As the number of LAI data assimilation increases, the DA methods tend to outperform the OP, but observations at late crop phenological stage of development showed a higher positive influence on SFY predictions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Catch crop mixtures have higher potential for nutrient carry-over than pure stands under changing environments

    Gentsch, NormanGuggenberger, GeorgReinhold-Hurek, BarbaraSchweneker, Doerte...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Winter catch crops are grown to scavenge nutrients over a period of unfavorable growth conditions and to conserve nutrients for subsequent release to the following main crop. Since environmental conditions have a strong impact on the growth and nutrient capture in roots and shoots of individual catch crop species, we anticipated that mixtures will be more durable and efficient in nutrient capture due to compensatory effects among component species. We tested this hypothesis and determined the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the shoots and roots of four catch crop species grown in pure vs. mixed stands at two sites for two or three years. Element concentrations were determined in the root and shoot biomass of each species and used to calculate the nutrient pool fixed in the root or shoot biomass. A qPCR-based technique was applied to quantify the root biomass of individual species based on species-specific DNA sequences. Despite considerable variation across environments, the overall plant biomass of white mustard (Sinapis alba), lacy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and bristle oat (Avena strigosa) was similar and higher than that of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum). While pure stands varied 6-to 24-fold in shoot biomass depending on environmental conditions, the variation was only ~3-fold for catch crop mixtures, with less pronounced variation in the root biomass. In general, the root biomass was comparable to the shoot biomass in each species. Roots contributed 26-46% of the nitrogen and 36-48% of the phosphorus to the total accumulation of these nutrients in the catch crop biomass, thus emphasizing the importance of plant roots as belowground nutrient pool for potential carry-over of nutrients to the subsequent crop. Although the mixture was mostly dominated by two of the four species, namely mustard and phacelia, it captured similar or even larger amounts of nutrients than the best-performing pure stand under any growth condition. This was the case for shoot-and for root-bound nutrients. Our results indicate that catch crop mixtures have higher durability than pure cultures to environmental variations. The amount of nitrogen captured by the mixture meets the average postharvest nitrogen that is left over by a wide range of cash crops, thus emphasizing that catch crop mixtures represent an efficient nutrient management tool in crop rotations.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Winter barley grown in a long-term field trial with a large variation in N supply: Grain yield, yield components, protein concentration and their trends

    Sieling, KlausKage, Henning
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Information on the responsiveness of winter barley to nitrogen (N) is scarce. Based on a long-term field trial (1978-2015) with different winter barley varieties in northern Germany combined with 64 N fertilizer treatments differing in amount (0-360 kg N ha(-1)) and distribution, the effects of N fertilizer amount and variety on the grain yield and its components, grain protein concentration (GPC), N use efficiency (NUE), and apparent fertilizer N recovery (AFR) were determined. In addition, quadratic N response curves and linear trends over the experimental period (parameters derived from annual N response curves) were estimated. N fertilization increased grain yield in all varieties, mainly due to a larger number of grains m(-2) rather than to an improved thousand grain weight (TGW). The newer varieties released since the late 1990s outyielded the older ones, especially at higher N supply, revealing a clear breeding progress, which in turn resulted in an improved NUE and AFR. Only if exceeding 190 kg N ha(-1) AFR started to decrease. During the trial, GPC in the unfertilized control significantly decreased, while the yield slightly, but non-significantly increased. In contrast, at economic optimum N supply, a significant increase in grain yield and number of grains m(-2) occurred while TGW and GPC remained stable over time. From the practical view of barley growing in humid climates, our results suggest to provide sufficient grains per area (sinks) in order to tap the full yield potential, especially against the background of climate change with its predicted temperature increase in spring and summer impairing grain filling.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Improving prediction accuracy of soil water storage through reducing sampling frequency

    Li, XuezhangShao, Ming'anXu, XianliWang, Kelin...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Knowledge of spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water storage (SWS) is essential for hydrological modeling and vegetation restoration in semi-arid areas. However, characterizing the temporal stability of SWS at a regional scale requires time-consuming and labor-intensive manual sampling. Moreover, the influence of soil depth on temporal stability of SWS is not systematic. This study aimed to investigate the influences of sampling frequency and soil depth on SWS and SWS temporal stability. We measured soil moisture at 20-cm intervals in the soil profiles to a depth of 3 m using a neutron probe at 135 locations along a 1340-m long transect on 14 dates from 2012 to 2013. Results showed that sampling frequency did not influence the mean SWS (P < 0.05), while sampling frequency significantly affected temporal stability characteristics including Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r(s)), standard deviation of mean relative difference (SDRD), the number of locations with SDRD < 5%, and the representative locations. Temporal stability of SWS increased with the increasing soil thickness and depth, which increases the possibility of the number of representative locations in deep soil. Although the mean SWSs of all soil depths can be predicted accurately at each sampling frequency, the prediction accuracy improved when sampling frequency was reducing. The values of R-2 ranged from 0.769 to 0.978 at 15-day sampling frequency, and from 0.987 to 0.998 at 45-day sampling frequency. Soil moisture stability may be more important than the soil water regime during prediction of soil moisture. These findings can provide guidelines for optimizing soil moisture sampling strategies and benefit management of water resources in semiarid watershed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A quantitative review into the contributions of biological nitrogen fixation to agricultural systems by grain legumes

    Palmero, FranciscoFernandez, Javier A.Garcia, Fernando O.Haro, Ricardo J....
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Legumes play a key role in the sustainable intensification of agricultural systems, improving biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reducing the dependency of food production on nitrogen (N) fertilizers. This review aims to: (i) quantify seed yield per kg of total aboveground N and fixed aboveground N, (ii) study the N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) (as the slope of fixed aboveground N-to-total aboveground N relationship) and its potential, and (iii) estimate the partial N balance and the impact of belowground N on the net contribution of fixed N after seed harvest. We retrieved 83 studies (n = 889 data points) investigating biological N fixation, spanning from 1982 to 2020, and focusing on blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). The overall Ndfa did not change across legumes (0.84 kg fixed aboveground N kg total aboveground N-1), except for common bean (0.57 kg fixed aboveground N kg total aboveground N-1). In addition, common bean showed the lowest potential for the Ndfa (0.95 quantile slope), with the largest N-gap between potential and mean N fixation (0.5 quantile slope). The straw N concentration (r(2) = 0.47) was the main contributor to the variation in the partial N balance. The incorporation of the belowground N to estimate overall N balance showed that this fraction is a key component to study the role of legumes in maintaining soil N fertility in agricultural systems. Future studies should accurately quantify both above-and below-ground contribution to N fixation process in order to improve the estimation of field N balances in legume-based systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier