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European Journal of Agronomy
Gauthier-Villars
European Journal of Agronomy

Gauthier-Villars

1161-0301

European Journal of Agronomy/Journal European Journal of AgronomyISTPSCI
正式出版
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    Probability of maize yield failure increases with drought occurrence but partially depends on local conditions in China

    Liu S.Sun J.Yang P.Wu W....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Extreme climate events such as drought have significantly adversely affected crop yields and challenged the stability of global food production. Assessing the risk posed by drought hazards to crop yield is of great importance for yield forecasting and agricultural risk management; however, the relationship of crop yield with drought occurrence from a probabilistic perspective is still insufficient. Taking major maize cropping regions in China as an example, we integrate maize yield anomalies and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) values over 1981–2014, develop a bivariate copula-based probabilistic diagram, and compare the probabilities of yield failure under various drought conditions within 1094 counties. The results show that maize yield anomalies are negatively correlated with drought intensity in most counties despite varying timescales, and maize yield decreases by 4.91 %, 10.44 %, and 7.34 % under moderate, severe, and extreme drought conditions, respectively. The higher probability of yield failure confirmed that maize yield is more sensitive to drought conditions than near-normal conditions. The probability of yield failure increases significantly with increasing drought severity, measuring 61.43 %, 66.01 %, and 69.46 % under moderate, severe, and extreme drought conditions, respectively, revealing a nonlinear response of maize yield to drought severity. Additionally, the susceptibility of maize cropped in semiarid regions to yield loss across conditions is attributed to regional climatic conditions. Because of the high risk of yield failure during drought events, suitable adaptations to drought considering local endowments are essential for risk management and decision-making under a continuously changing climate.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Impact of varying N fertiliser rate and timing on yield formation and grain filling in winter and spring-sown oats

    Burke J.I.McCabe C.P.
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsThe influence of N timing and N rate on yield formation and grain-filling procedures in winter and spring-sown oats is unclear. Factorial trials investigating the effect of six rates of applied N fertiliser (0,30. 60. 90. 120 and 150 kg N ha?1) applied at three timings (Zadoks GS 21, 30 and 50) were conducted at four spring sown sites and three winter sown sites (Cv Husky) over the period 2016–2019 in the east of Ireland. Significant interactions were frequently observed on grain yield following spring and winter sowing, associated with increases in grain number where N was applied at early growth stages (GS 21, GS30) relative to GS50 application. This was linked with increases in panicles/m2 in response to available N during early developmental periods. Grain weight was maintained as the level of N applied at GS50 increased with reductions observed at earlier applications, but had no effect on yield. Responses to applied N rate were in the range of 0.5–1.9 t ha?1 in spring sown crops and 1.2–3 t ha?1 in winter sown crops, with grain yield reducing by 0.5–2.1 t/ha ?1 (spring) and 1.2–1.5 t ha?1 (winter) as N application was delayed. N application timing impacted spikelet and grain number per panicle in winter crops, with spring crops unaffected. The relative importance of panicle number when spring sown, and grains/panicle when winter sown, is also discussed. This paper highlights the role of N application during early developmental in increasing the yield components contributing to grain number.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Dataset characteristics for the determination of critical nitrogen dilution curves: From past to new guidelines

    van Versendaal E.Lacasa J.Ciampitti I.A.Makowski D....
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.The determination of critical nitrogen (N) dilution curves (CNDCs) has been the subject of intensive study for the last decades due to its relevance to diagnosing crop N status. However, to date, minimum steps, data requirements and robust science-based guidelines to estimate CNDCs based on experimental data have not been formalized in the literature to ensure the reliability of an established nutrient dilution curve. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on CNDCs, described the main characteristics of the datasets used to establish CNDCs in the past, and finally identified a set of criteria specifying the minimum characteristics that a dataset must satisfy to be used to establish an accurate CNDC. Published CNDC studies showed large heterogeneity in the number of experiments (from 1 to 35), fertilizer N rates (from 2 to 7), and sampling times (from 2 to 16) used to fit the CNDCs. Given that, we quantified the sensitivity of the CNDC parameters to five dataset characteristics (number of experiments, N rates, and sampling times, attainment of Wmax plateau, and precision of the studies) using a Bayesian statistical model on a case-study estimation for maize. We found that the number of experiments is the main factor affecting the uncertainty of the fitted CNDC. Bootstrapping analyses showed that accurate CNDCs can be fitted with experiments having at least three N rates. Increasing the number of sampling times was more effective than using more than three N rates for reducing the uncertainty in the estimation of the parameters for the CNDCs. We also showed that more reliable CNDCs can be obtained when weighting each data by its precision. We concluded our analysis with formal recommendations of the minimum steps and data requirements to fit CNDC. The criteria established here should serve as a guide for the establishment of reliable dilution curves for N and other nutrients in the agricultural and biological sciences.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Subsoil water use to attain stable high yields of winter wheat in drylands Loess Plateau of China

    Yang W.Chang F.Wang S.Yin L....
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In drylands, rainfed crops generally produce low yield due to low and irregular annual precipitation. It is challenging to obtain both high and stable crop yield in drylands. Soil water storage and consumption are crucial affecting crop yield in drylands. However, the relationship between yield and the degree of subsoil water consumption is still unclear. To clarify the contribution of subsoil water on yield performance under different conditions of WS (water supply during the growing season), we analyzed the relationship between grain yield of winter wheat and SWC1–2 (1–2 m subsoil water consumption) under different WS conditions, from published studies on a typical dryland habitat (Loess Plateau of China). The results showed that increasing SWC1–2 during late growth stage had a great potential to increase wheat yield. Moreover, the probability of low wheat yield decreased as more subsoil water was used. When the residual subsoil water storage reduced from (270–210) to (150–90) mm at harvest time, the probability of yield falling below 4000 kg ha?1 was decreased from 100 % to 48.01 % under < 666 mm WS conditions; and the probability of exceeding 5000 kg ha?1 was greatly increased from 0.55 % to 99.59 % under > 666 mm WS conditions. In addition, SWC1–2 was significantly increased with increasing number of spikes or shoot biomass, which suggests that it is necessary to ensure a sufficient plant population for higher consumption of subsoil water. Our study indicates that wheat yield can be greatly enhanced by using more subsoil water under high WS conditions, and the probability of low wheat yield can be decreased with increasing subsoil water consumption under low WS conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Exploring the current status of barley yield and production gap of Iran

    Alasti O.Zeinali E.Soltani A.Torabi B....
    17页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Barley (Hordeum vulgare. L) is adapted to drought and salinity as the most critical constrained factors in Iran's crop production. Hence, the grain barley's importance is exhibited via 1.75 million hectares of harvested areas and 3.2 million tons of production in the country with arid and semi-arid climate conditions. However, the current production status meets only about 50% of Iran's barley's grain demands and is globally recognized as one of the largest barley importers in recent years. This study aimed to estimate the potential and yield gap and the potential barley grain production increase under the irrigated and rainfed conditions as the first step in schematizing the promotion of barley production. The impact of determinant climate factors on barley yields was also investigated at dominant barley productions regions over Iran. The present study approach is implemented based on the Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA). Accordingly, 12 and 17 designated climatic zones (DCZ), are distinguished as the dominant areas of the irrigated and rainfed barley production in the country, respectively. Afterwards, 48 and 38 reference weather stations (RWSs) within the DCZs were distributed to irrigated and rainfed barley harvested areas, respectively. The SSM-iCrop2 crop model was employed to simulate potential yield in irrigated (Yp) and rainfed (Yw) conditions by utilization of required data in each RWS through 15 barley growing seasons (2000–2014). The yield gap (the difference between simulated potential yield (Yp or Yw) and actual yield (Ya)) were calculated based on the bottom-up approach of GYGA in RWSs, DCZs and national-scale, respectively. Based on the results, the estimated potential yield varies between 5283 and 8286 kg/ha (with an average of 7090 kg/ha) in irrigated condition, and in the case of rainfed barley ranged between 1072 and 4002 kg/ha (with an average of 2723 kg/ha). In contrast, the actual yield in the DCZs was reported in the range of 1406 and 3723 kg/ha (with an average of 3009 kg/ha) for irrigated barley and ranged around 390–1510 kg/ha in rainfed conditions (with an average of 1009 kg/ha). According to the results, the DCZs that are confronted with higher temperatures and shorter growth length periods due to less total received daily solar radiation have low yields in irrigated conditions. In rainfed barley harvested areas, a significant correlation between rainfall distribution, high temperature and Yw has existed during the reproductive phase within 17 DCZs. Ultimately, the results indicated that the calculated yield gap varies between 3237 and 4697 kg/ha (50–76%) with an average of 4081 kg/ha (58%), and also between 615 and 3125 kg/ha (53–82%) with an average of 1714 kg/ha (63%) in the DCZs of irrigated and rainfed barley harvested areas, respectively. Consequently, it has been concluded that by achieving attainable yield (80% of potential yield) via improving production management, irrigated barley yield production can be increased to 5672 kg/ha and 4.17 million tons, respectively, provided that water resources are available. It can also be exploitable to increase rainfed barley's current yield and production from 1009 to 2178 kg/ha and 1.05–2.26 million tons, respectively. Finally, it makes sense to be inspired by increasing total national barley production from 3.26 to 6.43 million tons per year and bring the country closer to obtain full self-sufficiency in supplying the required barley grain.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Maximize crop production and environmental sustainability: Insights from an ecophysiological model of plant-pest interactions and multi-criteria decision analysis

    Zaffaroni M.Bevacqua D.
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Satisfying the demand for agricultural products while also protecting the environment from negative impacts of agriculture is a major challenge for crop management. We used an ecophysiological model of plant-pest interaction and multi-criteria decision analysis to optimize crop management when considering two contrasting objectives: (1) maximizing crop production and (2) minimizing environmental impact related to fertilization, irrigation and pesticide deployment. The model provides an indicator of crop production for 27 management scenarios, obtained combining three levels of fertilization, irrigation and pesticide use, respectively. We computed the environmental impact relevant to each management scenario by means of a weighted sum of costs assigned to fertilization, irrigation and pesticide use. We identified the optimal scenarios with respect to the considered objectives analysing the Pareto front. These scenarios were mostly characterized by high fertilization and no pesticide use. We evaluated the multi-functionality of the optimal scenarios by mean of the Gini coefficient: the scenario better assuring the equality between the two objectives was characterized by high fertilization, intermediate irrigation and no pesticide. Although our results remain qualitative and not immediately transferable to agronomic practices, our analytical framework provides a useful tool to evidence trade-offs among two contrasting objectives and provide solutions to act in an efficient way by leaving a certain degree of freedom to the decision maker.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Multi-model ensembles for assessing the impact of future climate change on rainfed wheat productivity under various cultivars and nitrogen levels

    Osman R.Xu M.Ata-Ul-Karim S.T.Tahir M.N....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Wheat production in rainfed cropping systems is highly vulnerable to climate change, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, assessing the climate change impacts on rainfed wheat production is needed for ensuring global food security. Nitrogen (N) application has been reported to mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production, but its impact in rainfed cropping systems remains uncertain and/or rarely explored. Crop models have been commonly used for projecting the impacts of climate change on crop production. However, uncertainties from single-model simulation analyses call for multi-model simulation capabilities. Here, three models (APSIM-Wheat, CERES-Wheat, and Nwheat) were calibrated and evaluated for simulating phenology, agronomic traits, rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), and N use efficiencies under rainfed conditions in Pakistan. Five Global Circulation Models examined from 2041 to 2070 (RCP8.5) indicated an increase in mean growing temperature and changes in growing season rainfall between 1.6 and 4.9 ℃ and ? 34 and + 39 %, respectively. Therefore, cool and dry, cool and wet, middle, hot and dry, and hot and wet projections were selected. All crop models successfully simulated the investigated parameters for different wheat cultivars and N application rates. APSIM-Wheat showed the best performance for validating the RWUE, plant N uptake, N utilization efficiency, and N uptake efficiency (NRMSE = 11.2–14.5 %), while CERES-Wheat performed well for grain yield and N use efficiency (NRMSE = 5.1–6.1 %). Nwheat showed a minimum average NRMSE for plant dry mass and harvest index (3.8–7.8%). All crop models predicted the maximum reduction in grain yield under hot and dry conditions. Compared to baseline, future climate change caused minimum and maximum grain yield reductions for Faisalabad-2008 (6 %) and AUR-809 (11 %), respectively, whereas, for N application rates, the minimum and maximum grain yield reductions were observed for N0 (7 %), and N140 (10 %), respectively. There were no significant differences in grain yield and RUWE across N application rates under future climate change. However, applying N from N0 to N70 significantly increases grain yield (82 %) and RWUE (77 %) across cultivars under future climate change. The findings would have valuable implications in tackling the negative impacts of future climate change on wheat production through the selection of suitable cultivars and formulating crop N management strategies for rainfed areas.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Wheat cover crop alters soil microbial community and increases cucumber yield under different potassium regimes

    Gao D.Zhou X.Wu F.An D....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.Cover crops can promote the subsequent plant growth and improve soil potassium (K) fertility. However, whether and how wheat cover crop benefits cucumber growth and yield under different K regimes and their functional roles are still unclear. In this study, a two-year greenhouse experiment from spring 2017 to autumn 2018 was conducted to evaluate the effects of wheat cover crop on cucumber plant growth, nutrition and yield. Moreover, a litterbag experiment was carried out in the greenhouse in spring 2018 to investigate the nutrient dynamics during decomposition of wheat shoot and root residues under the two K regimes. Soil bacterial and fungal communities during residues decomposition were analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing, and the abundances of total bacterial, fungal, Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. communities were also estimated by quantitative PCR. The responses of cucumber growth to changes in the soil microbial communities induced by wheat cover crop were assessed by plant-soil feedback experiment. Wheat cover crop increased cucumber yield except for in spring 2017 and plant growth and K concentration at 70 d in spring 2018, and reduced K application did not weaken the beneficial effects of wheat on cucumber growth and yield. Decomposition rate and nutrient release of wheat shoot residue differed from root residue, but no differences in shoot or root residue decomposition rate and nutrient release between the two K regimes. Wheat shoot and root residues differently changed the abundances, compositions and diversities of soil bacterial and fungal communities. Wheat shoot residue increased total bacteria, Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. community abundances compared with root residue irrespective of K regimes, and Bacillus spp. community abundance was higher in shoot residue with reduced K application than that with normal K application from 220 to 240 d. Wheat shoot residue decreased the Shannon and inverse Simpson diversities of soil bacterial and fungal communities compared with root residue from 200 to 240 d. Moreover, there was significant difference in these diversities of soil fungal community of root residue between the two K regimes except for 240 d. In addition, wheat cover crop caused more stable co-occurrence network with more positive and negative total links and wheat shoot residue had higher these links than root residue, while reduced K application decreased these links of both shoot and root residues. Feedback effects of changes in soil microbial communities induced by wheat cover crop on cucumber growth were positive, and such effect was stronger in shoot residue than in root residue irrespective of K regimes. Overall, wheat cover crop can alter soil microbial communities and enhance cucumber productivity through positive plant-soil feedbacks mediated by soil biota, and reduced K application did not weaken such beneficial effects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The impact of crop establishment systems in combination with applied nitrogen management on the establishment, growth and yield of winter oilseed rape in a mild Atlantic climate

    Forristal P.D.McCabe T.Byrne R.K.
    11页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The AuthorsWinter oilseed rape was established under five cultivation methods in field trials in Ireland between 2013 and 2016. A conventional plough-based cultivation system and a minimum tillage cultivation system were both analysed at 125 mm and 600 mm row spacing. A strip tillage cultivation system at 600 mm row spacing was also analysed. A fixed rate nitrogen application system was compared with two canopy management strategies (using crop green area index as an indicator of required nitrogen application) in both the (conventional) plough 125 mm and the (more novel) strip tillage 600 mm cultivation systems in a factorial arrangement. Establishment methods significantly influenced crop emergence in each year, with results varying between sites. Establishment systems did not significantly affect pod numbers in two of the three sites analysed. Each of the contrasting crop establishment systems gave similar seed yields in each year of this study. There was no significant effect of nitrogen management practices on green area index or seed yield. These results broaden the scope for successful winter oilseed establishment and indicate the potential to utilise the benefits of a reduced cultivation system without significantly impacting on seed yield at harvest.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Canopy cooling traits associated with yield performance in heat-stressed oat

    Tamang B.G.Monnens D.M.Smith K.P.Sadok W....
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier B.V.In the upper U.S. Midwest, oat is a promising crop for diversifying local cropping systems and providing local consumers with a healthy food option. However, as a result of climate change, the crop is facing increasingly severe episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive development, which limit its yield potential. The goal of this 3-year field study was to identify locally-adapted HT stress-tolerant oat breeding lines, propose a parsimonious mechanistic basis for HT stress tolerance and leverage it to develop a screening method with the potential to support a breeding program. Because water supply is rarely limiting in the region, we tested the hypothesis that canopy latent cooling would be a desirable trait. To this end, we deployed “heat tents” on a core panel of 30 oat lines between booting and heading, where we measured i) grain yield and quality traits (protein, oil and beta-glucan), ii) pollen viability, percentage of filled florets, and grain number, iii) gas exchange and canopy cooling parameters (e.g., photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, canopy temperature depression). Additionally, we developed a thermal imaging approach to remotely quantify canopy temperature on contrasted lines. Significant genotypic variability was detected in yield and quality trait responses to the HT stress and a physiological path model identified canopy cooling as a main process explaining superior yield performance of HT stress tolerant lines. Interestingly, pollen viability was not found to be the main driver of yield declines, suggesting a role played by other reproductive processes, including those underlying female tissue/organs sensitivity to HT stress. Finally, canopy cooling parameters correlated with geographic locations of breeding programs from which the tested germplasm originated, indicating that they are under selection. Overall, this study opens the way for a breeding program targeting the development of more climate-resilient oats adapted to northern climates.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier